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6-6 Desalination system using ion exchange课程教案、知识点、字幕

同学们好!在这一讲我们将学习离子交换除盐系统

水的除盐的目地主要是去除水中各种溶解离子

以满足工业生产对除盐水、纯水的用水要求,以及生活饮用纯净水的要求

离子交换除盐系统有几种形式,首先介绍复床除盐系统

复床是指阳离子交换器和阴离子交换器串联使用,达到水的除盐的目的

复床除盐组合的方式有多种,最基本的组合方式是强酸-脱气-强碱工艺系统

该系统由强酸阳离子交换器、除CO2器以及强碱阴离子交换器组成

原水先经过阳离子交换器,去除水中的Ca2+、Mg2+、Na+等离子后

出水为酸性水,随后通过除CO2器去除水中的CO2

最后经由阴离子交换器去除水中的SO42-、Cl-、HCO3-、HSiO3-等阴离子

达到除盐的目的

强碱阴离子交换器通常设在强酸阳离子交换器之后

其主要理由是避免原水直接进入阴离子交换器

防止产生CaCO3、Mg(OH)2等沉淀,使强碱树脂的交换容量降低

有利于在阴离子交换器中除去硅

强酸树脂比强碱树脂抗污染能力强,放在前面不容易被污染

另外在阴离子交换器前设有除CO2器

可以减轻CO2对阴离子交换器的负担

如果水中的强酸阴离子含量较高,可以采用强酸-脱气-弱碱-强碱系统

在这个系统中,设置在强碱阴离子交换器之前的弱碱阴离子交换器

主要用于去除水中的强酸阴离子

而后面强酸阴离子交换器主要用于除硅

第二种是混合床除盐系统

混合床除盐系统的主要工作原理是将阳、阴离子交换树脂

按比例混合装在同一交换器内,混合使用,再生时分层再生

这种阴、阳离子交换树脂混合在一起的离子交换器称为混合床

在混合床中,由于阴、阳树脂紧密交替接触

相当于由许多阴、阳树脂交错排列构成的多级复床

反复进行多次脱盐,因而出水纯度高

混合床中的交换反应过程如下

H型阳树脂去除氯化钠中的Na+而产生酸

而碱性树脂去除氯化钠中的Cl-而产生碱,两者中和后生成水

上述反应可看成是盐分解反应和中和反应的组合

该反应的离子交换平衡常数等于这个计算式,其数值远大于1

因此也表明该反应比较彻底,脱盐效率高

当混合床运行至树脂达到饱和后,就需要对树脂进行再生

再生前需要先对阴、阳树脂分层

首先从混合床底部通入反洗水对树脂层进行反洗

由于阳树脂和阴树脂存在密度差

因此反洗后会出现明显的阴、阳树脂分层,阴树脂在上、阳树脂在下

其次,碱液从混合床上部流入,通过阴树脂层,使阴树脂得到再生

再生液从中间排水管排出

此时,需要从底部通入小量水流,以防止碱液下渗

当上部的阴树脂再生完毕后,从上部通入清洁的脱盐水

对阴树脂进行正洗,直至出水碱度恢复正常

接下来,从底部进硫酸,对阳树脂进行再生

再生液从中间排水管排出

此时,同样从上部进少量水流,以防止酸渗入到阴树脂

阳树脂再生完毕后,从上部通入脱盐水对阳树脂进行清洗

直至出水酸度恢复正常

清洗完毕后,从底部通入压缩空气,使阴、阳树脂均匀混合

立即快速排水,使整个树脂层迅速下落,以防止重新分层

最后从上部进脱盐水,对树脂层进行正洗

正洗结束后,混合床再生完成,可以再投入运行

混合床的特点是出水水质好而稳定,交换终点明显

由于阴、阳树脂在一个交换器中,因此设备投资省

但缺点是由于阴、阳树脂在同一个交换器中

树脂交换容量利用率比较低

在再生过程中损耗率大,操作比较复杂,有时会出现混层,产生交叉污染

混合床由于出水水质比较好

因此通常在除盐系统起精加工的作用,常用于制备纯水或超纯水

Water and Wastewater Treatment Engineering: Physicochemical Technology课程列表:

Chapter 0 Introduction

-0-2 Water treatment process

--0-2 Water treatment process

-0-3 Wastewater treatment process

--0-3 Wastewater treatment process

-Chap 0 Homeworks

Chapter 1 Coagulation and flocculation

-1-1 Introduction

--1-1 Introduction

-1-2 Properties of colloids

-- 1-2 Properties of colloids

-1-3 Mechanisms and process of coagulation and flocculation

--1-3 Mechanisms of coagulation and flocculation

-1-4 Coagulant and coagulant aids

-- 1-4 Coagulant and coagulant aids

-1-5 Kinetics of coagulation and flocculation

--1-5 Kinetics of coagulation and flocculation

--Announcement

-1-6 Factors affecting the coagulation performance

--1-6 Factors affecting the coagulation performance

-1-7 Facilities for coagulation and flocculation

--1-7 Facilities for coagulation and flocculation

-Chapter 1 Homeworks

Chapter 2 Sedimentation and clarification

-2-1 Introduction

--2-1 Introduction

-2-2 Discrete particle settling

--2-2 Discrete particle settling

-2-3 Flocculent settling

--2-3 Flocculent settling

-2-4 Zone settling

--2-4 zone settling

-2-5 Rectangular settling tank

--2-5 Rectangular settling tanks

-2-6 Process calculation of rectangular settling tanks

--2-6 Process calculation of rectangular settling tanks

-2-7 Vertical Flow (up-flow ) and radial flow settling tank

--2-7 Vertical Flow (up-flow ) and radial flow settling tank

-2-8 Plated sedimentation tank

--2-8 Plated sedimentation tank

-2-9 Clarification pool

--2-9 Clarification pool

-3D interactive demonstration for settling tanks

--Method for browser setting

--Up-flow settling tank

--Clarification pool

--Circular settling tank

-Chapter 2 Homework (part 1)

-Chapter 2 Homework (part 2)

Chapter 3 Air floatation

-3-1 Introduction

--3-1 Introduction

-3-2 Theoretical foundation of air floatation

--3-2 Theoretical foundation of air floatation

-3-3 Pressurized dissolved air flotation

--3-3 Pressurized dissolved air flotation

-Chapter 3 Homework

Chapter 4 Filtration

-4-1 Introduction

--4-1 Introduction

-4-2 Structure and process of conventional rapid filter

--4-2 Structure and process of conventional rapid filter

-4-3 Water head loss of filter

--4-3 Water head loss of filter

-4-4 Filtration method of filter

--4-4 Filtration method of filter

-4-5 Filter media

--4-5 Filter media

-4-6 Water distribution system

--4-6 Water distribution system

-4-7 Filter backwashing

--4-7 Filter backwashing

-4-8 Siphon filter

--4-8 Siphon filter

-4-9 Gravity valveless filter

--4-9 Gravity valveless filter

-4-10 Movable hood filter

--4-10 Movable hood filter

-3D interactive demonstration for filtration tanks

--Usage and description for 3-D demonstration

--Method for browser setting

--Conventional rapid filter

--Siphon filter

-Chapter 4 Homework

Chapter 5 Disinfection

-5-1 Introduction

--5-1 Introduction

-5-2 Influence factors of disinfection

--5-2 Influence factors of disinfection

-5-3 Chlorine disinfection

--5-3 Chlorine disinfection

--Correction

-5-4 Chlorine dioxide disinfection

--5-4 Chlorine dioxide disinfection

-5-5 Ultraviolet disinfection

--5-5 Ultraviolet disinfection

-Chapter 5 Homework

Chapter 6 Ion-exchange

-6-1 Ion-exchange resin

--6-1 Ion-exchange resin

-6-2 Properties of ion-exchange reactions

--6-2 Properties of ion-exchange reactions

-6-3 Properties of cation exchange resin

--6-3 Properties of cation exchange resin

-6-4 Properties of anion exchange resin

--6-4 Properties of anion exchange resin

-6-5 Softening system using ion exchange

--6-5 Softening system using ion exchange

-6-6 Desalination system using ion exchange

--6-6 Desalination system using ion exchange

-6-7 Ion-exchange equipment

--6-7 Ion-exchange equipment

-6-8 Treatment of industrial wastewater by ion-exchange method

--6-8 Treatment of industrial wastewater by ion-exchange method

-Chapter 6 Homework

Chapter 7 Membrane separation

-7-1 Introduction

--7-1 Introduction

-7-2 Principle and characteristics of electrodialysis

--7-2 Principle and characteristics of electrodialysis

-7-3 Configuration of electrodialysis unit

--7-3 Configuration of electrodialysis unit

-7-4 Operating parameters for electrodialysis unit

--7-4 Operating parameters for electrodialysis unit

-7-5 Principle and process of reverse osmosis

--7-5 Principle and process of reverse osmosis

-7-6 Operating parameters for reverse osmosis

--7-6 Operating parameters for reverse osmosis

-7-7 Principles and characteristics of UF and MF

--7-7 Principles and characteristics of UF and MF

-7-8 Design of ultrafiltration and microfiltration process

--7-8 Design of ultrafiltration and microfiltration process

-Chapter 7 Homework

Chapter 8 Redox method

-8-1 Fundamental knowledge and classification

--8-1 Fundamental knowledge and classification

-8-2 Ozonation

--8-2 Ozonation

-8-3 Photo-catalytic oxidation

--8-3 Photo-catalytic oxidation

-8-4 Supercritical water oxidation

--8-4 Supercritical water oxidation

-8-5 Electrolysis

--8-5 Electrolysis

-Chapter 8 Homework

Chapter 9 Adsorption

-9-1 Introduction

--9-1 Introduction

-9-2 Adsorption equilibrium and adsorption isotherm

--9-2 Adsorption equilibrium and adsorption isotherm

-9-3 Adsorption breakthrough curve

--9-3 Adsorption breakthrough curve

-Chapter 9 Homework

6-6 Desalination system using ion exchange笔记与讨论

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