当前课程知识点:Water and Wastewater Treatment Engineering: Physicochemical Technology >  Chapter 6 Ion-exchange >  6-5 Softening system using ion exchange >  6-5 Softening system using ion exchange

返回《Water and Wastewater Treatment Engineering: Physicochemical Technology》慕课在线视频课程列表

6-5 Softening system using ion exchange在线视频

下一节:6-6 Desalination system using ion exchange

返回《Water and Wastewater Treatment Engineering: Physicochemical Technology》慕课在线视频列表

6-5 Softening system using ion exchange课程教案、知识点、字幕

同学们好!前面我们了解了各种离子交换树脂的特性

接下来我们将学习离子交换软化系统

软化的目地主要是去除水中产生硬度的钙、镁离子

处理硬度超标的原水,以满足生活饮用或工业用水对水的硬度指标的要求

用离子交换来进行软化的工艺系统有几种类型

下面我们先介绍Na离子交换软化系统

在这个工艺系统中,利用强酸性Na离子交换树脂

去除水中的钙、镁离子,从而达到使水软化的目的

如图所示,该系统可以去除所有的硬度

包括碳酸盐硬度和非碳酸盐硬度

但不能去除碱度

因此该工艺适用于原水碱度低、不需要降低碱度的情况

根据水质情况,可以采用一级软化系统或二级串联软化系统

第二种类型是H离子交换软化系统

在这个工艺系统中,利用强酸性H离子交换树脂去除水中的钙、镁离子

如图所示,在该工艺系统中,硬度和碱度均能有效去除

但出水通常为酸性,因此需要与Na离子交换树脂联合使用

或者需要设置出水加碱中和措施

第三种是H-Na离子联合交换脱碱软化系统

首先介绍H离子和Na离子树脂的并联系统,工艺流程示意如这个图所示

原水分成两部分,一部分的水进入H离子交换器

一部分进入Na离子交换器

两部分的出水混合,H离子交换树脂产生的H+

和Na离子交换树脂出水中的HCO3-中和,生成CO2和H2O

再经除二氧化碳器吹脱去除CO2后

就可以获得脱碱软化后的处理水

在这里我们需要计算的是

在该并联系统中需要分配多少水量进入H离子交换器?

多少水量进入Na离子交换器?

假设H代表通过RH离子交换器的水量占总水量的比例

A_原代表原水碱度,Q代表总处理水量

S代表原水中强酸根的总浓度,是硫酸根和氯根的总和

A_残代表系统出水中的残留碱度,一般控制在0.3-0.7mmol/L

如果H离子交换器的运行以Na+泄漏为失效点

则经H离子交换器产生的强酸量等于SQH

而Na离子交换器出水的碱度等于A_原Q(1-H)

而系统出水中的剩余碱度为QA_残

根据酸碱中和,做物料平衡

Na离子交换器出水碱度与H离子交换器产生的强酸中和后的剩余碱度

即等于系统出水的剩余碱度

这个式子经变换后,就可以得到分配给H离子交换器的水量比例H的计算式

由此,就可以计算分配给H离子交换器和Na离子交换器的水量

此外,我们也可以将H离子交换器和Na离子交换器串联使用

工艺流程如这个图所示

原水一部分进入H离子交换器

另一部分直接超越H离子交换器,与H离子交换器的出水混合

产生的CO2在除二氧化碳器中被吹脱去除后

全部进入Na离子交换器,经进一步处理后得到脱碱软化水

虽然在工艺形式上与并联系统相比有所改变

但串联系统的H离子交换器

和Na离子交换器的水量分配计算公式与并联时的完全相同

并联系统和和串联系统各有什么特点呢?

H-Na并列系统通常适用于碱度高的原水

Na离子交换器只处理部分水量,因此投资较省

H-Na串联系统通常适用于硬度较高的原水

由于部分水量经过了二级软化,出水水质较好

但Na离子交换器需要处理全部水量,设备较大

在软化脱碱系统中,产生的CO2量可以通过理论计算获得

即1mmol/L HCO3-,产生44mg CO2/L

这一讲介绍了离子交换软化系统

在下一讲,我们将介绍离子交换除盐系统

Water and Wastewater Treatment Engineering: Physicochemical Technology课程列表:

Chapter 0 Introduction

-0-2 Water treatment process

--0-2 Water treatment process

-0-3 Wastewater treatment process

--0-3 Wastewater treatment process

-Chap 0 Homeworks

Chapter 1 Coagulation and flocculation

-1-1 Introduction

--1-1 Introduction

-1-2 Properties of colloids

-- 1-2 Properties of colloids

-1-3 Mechanisms and process of coagulation and flocculation

--1-3 Mechanisms of coagulation and flocculation

-1-4 Coagulant and coagulant aids

-- 1-4 Coagulant and coagulant aids

-1-5 Kinetics of coagulation and flocculation

--1-5 Kinetics of coagulation and flocculation

--Announcement

-1-6 Factors affecting the coagulation performance

--1-6 Factors affecting the coagulation performance

-1-7 Facilities for coagulation and flocculation

--1-7 Facilities for coagulation and flocculation

-Chapter 1 Homeworks

Chapter 2 Sedimentation and clarification

-2-1 Introduction

--2-1 Introduction

-2-2 Discrete particle settling

--2-2 Discrete particle settling

-2-3 Flocculent settling

--2-3 Flocculent settling

-2-4 Zone settling

--2-4 zone settling

-2-5 Rectangular settling tank

--2-5 Rectangular settling tanks

-2-6 Process calculation of rectangular settling tanks

--2-6 Process calculation of rectangular settling tanks

-2-7 Vertical Flow (up-flow ) and radial flow settling tank

--2-7 Vertical Flow (up-flow ) and radial flow settling tank

-2-8 Plated sedimentation tank

--2-8 Plated sedimentation tank

-2-9 Clarification pool

--2-9 Clarification pool

-3D interactive demonstration for settling tanks

--Method for browser setting

--Up-flow settling tank

--Clarification pool

--Circular settling tank

-Chapter 2 Homework (part 1)

-Chapter 2 Homework (part 2)

Chapter 3 Air floatation

-3-1 Introduction

--3-1 Introduction

-3-2 Theoretical foundation of air floatation

--3-2 Theoretical foundation of air floatation

-3-3 Pressurized dissolved air flotation

--3-3 Pressurized dissolved air flotation

-Chapter 3 Homework

Chapter 4 Filtration

-4-1 Introduction

--4-1 Introduction

-4-2 Structure and process of conventional rapid filter

--4-2 Structure and process of conventional rapid filter

-4-3 Water head loss of filter

--4-3 Water head loss of filter

-4-4 Filtration method of filter

--4-4 Filtration method of filter

-4-5 Filter media

--4-5 Filter media

-4-6 Water distribution system

--4-6 Water distribution system

-4-7 Filter backwashing

--4-7 Filter backwashing

-4-8 Siphon filter

--4-8 Siphon filter

-4-9 Gravity valveless filter

--4-9 Gravity valveless filter

-4-10 Movable hood filter

--4-10 Movable hood filter

-3D interactive demonstration for filtration tanks

--Usage and description for 3-D demonstration

--Method for browser setting

--Conventional rapid filter

--Siphon filter

-Chapter 4 Homework

Chapter 5 Disinfection

-5-1 Introduction

--5-1 Introduction

-5-2 Influence factors of disinfection

--5-2 Influence factors of disinfection

-5-3 Chlorine disinfection

--5-3 Chlorine disinfection

--Correction

-5-4 Chlorine dioxide disinfection

--5-4 Chlorine dioxide disinfection

-5-5 Ultraviolet disinfection

--5-5 Ultraviolet disinfection

-Chapter 5 Homework

Chapter 6 Ion-exchange

-6-1 Ion-exchange resin

--6-1 Ion-exchange resin

-6-2 Properties of ion-exchange reactions

--6-2 Properties of ion-exchange reactions

-6-3 Properties of cation exchange resin

--6-3 Properties of cation exchange resin

-6-4 Properties of anion exchange resin

--6-4 Properties of anion exchange resin

-6-5 Softening system using ion exchange

--6-5 Softening system using ion exchange

-6-6 Desalination system using ion exchange

--6-6 Desalination system using ion exchange

-6-7 Ion-exchange equipment

--6-7 Ion-exchange equipment

-6-8 Treatment of industrial wastewater by ion-exchange method

--6-8 Treatment of industrial wastewater by ion-exchange method

-Chapter 6 Homework

Chapter 7 Membrane separation

-7-1 Introduction

--7-1 Introduction

-7-2 Principle and characteristics of electrodialysis

--7-2 Principle and characteristics of electrodialysis

-7-3 Configuration of electrodialysis unit

--7-3 Configuration of electrodialysis unit

-7-4 Operating parameters for electrodialysis unit

--7-4 Operating parameters for electrodialysis unit

-7-5 Principle and process of reverse osmosis

--7-5 Principle and process of reverse osmosis

-7-6 Operating parameters for reverse osmosis

--7-6 Operating parameters for reverse osmosis

-7-7 Principles and characteristics of UF and MF

--7-7 Principles and characteristics of UF and MF

-7-8 Design of ultrafiltration and microfiltration process

--7-8 Design of ultrafiltration and microfiltration process

-Chapter 7 Homework

Chapter 8 Redox method

-8-1 Fundamental knowledge and classification

--8-1 Fundamental knowledge and classification

-8-2 Ozonation

--8-2 Ozonation

-8-3 Photo-catalytic oxidation

--8-3 Photo-catalytic oxidation

-8-4 Supercritical water oxidation

--8-4 Supercritical water oxidation

-8-5 Electrolysis

--8-5 Electrolysis

-Chapter 8 Homework

Chapter 9 Adsorption

-9-1 Introduction

--9-1 Introduction

-9-2 Adsorption equilibrium and adsorption isotherm

--9-2 Adsorption equilibrium and adsorption isotherm

-9-3 Adsorption breakthrough curve

--9-3 Adsorption breakthrough curve

-Chapter 9 Homework

6-5 Softening system using ion exchange笔记与讨论

也许你还感兴趣的课程:

© 柠檬大学-慕课导航 课程版权归原始院校所有,
本网站仅通过互联网进行慕课课程索引,不提供在线课程学习和视频,请同学们点击报名到课程提供网站进行学习。