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Microlecture:The Sharp Edge behind Prejudice课程教案、知识点、字幕

大家好

欢迎观看本节微课

《偏见背后的机锋》

这一节

我们将重点解读钱钟书散文

《一个偏见》

《一个偏见》出自钱钟书的

散文随笔集《写在人生边上》

这些散文语言幽默

见解独到精辟

行文一气呵成

旁征博引

极富哲理

是典范的“哲理散文”

《一个偏见》亦庄亦谐地表达了

钱钟书对喧闹的人籁的厌恶之感

文章有六个自然段

分三个层次

第1自然段是第一层

2 3 4 5自然段是第二层

第6自然段是第三层

第一段写他对偏见的认识

偏见可以说是思想的放假

作者对偏见持赞成态度

并分别从正反两个方面进行阐发

在消除读者对偏见的误解后

随即提出自己的偏见

人类是不拘日夜 不问寒暑

发出声音的动物

第二 三 四 五段则围绕

作者的这个“偏见”

用正反对比的方式

对天籁与人籁的

表现 特点 优缺点进行辩析

第二段采用排比铺陈的手法

将天籁与人籁的特点罗列出来

语言褒贬分明

并在最后提出自己的观点

这就是所谓人籁

断送了睡眠

震断了思想

培养了神经衰弱

直言不讳地表达

对喧闹的人籁的厌恶之情

第三段从人籁的缺点

和天籁的优点进行对比

直接明快 淋漓尽致地

表达作者对人籁的恶

对天籁的喜

第四、五段更是分别以

一整段写寂静充满了

未发出声音的隐动

人籁则令人像《红楼梦》里的

赵姨娘一样“忍无可忍”

进一步表达了对人籁的厌恶

第六自然段是全文的归纳和升华

作者提出

声音热闹 头脑就很难保持冷静

思想不会公平 只能把偏见来代替

直接点明主旨

同时又认为这也许是哲学家

产生思想的根源

用反语的方式

从另一个角度表达了

对人声嘈杂的厌恶

《一个偏见》全文语言幽默 睿智

洒脱 富含哲理 发人深省

秉承了钱钟书一贯学者式的

幽默讽刺风格

这得益于他综合 灵活 新颖地

运用大量修辞手法

如比喻 用典 排比 双关等

使文章形式生动活泼

内容丰富饱满 富含哲理 发人深省

首先 文章采用新颖大胆的比喻

有的形象生动地描写出了事物的特点

使人身临其境

如 数不清的麻雀的鸣噪

琐碎得象要啄破了这个寂静

乌鹊的声音清利象剪刀

老鹳鸟的声音滞涩而有刺象把锯子

都一声两声地向寂静来试锋口

以及 但是寂静似乎太厚实了

又似乎太流动了 太富于弹性了

给禽鸟啼破的浮面 立刻就填满

其次 文章中引经据典丰富

有但丁的《地狱曲》

阿铁斯的《哲人言行录》

叔本华的《哲学小品》

也有《红楼梦》《山海经》

在论证“虫鸟鸣噪 反添静境”时

连举《诗经》《颜氏家训》

《风瑟》的诗句

文章还对典故进行了灵活 技巧性的处理

使之发挥出出人意料而又合情合理的效果

如 教你感到象《红楼梦》里的赵姨娘

有人在踹你的头 一句

以赵姨娘受府里上下的“压迫”

左右不是人的尴尬的处境

恰如其分地形容了人在人籁吵杂中的

无可奈何和愤懑

其三 文章巧用双关手法

这些机智 犀利的双关

使文章的主题得到深化

如 依照生理学常识 人心位置

并不正中 有点偏侧

并且时髦得很 偏倾于左

利用生理学常识

既说明了偏见的普遍性

和不可避免性

又讽刺了当时政界流行 追捧的

“左倾”思想也如偏见一般

带有盲目性

又如 只有人生边上的随笔

热恋时的情书等等

那才是老老实实

痛痛快快的一偏之见

既说出了情书等作为感情偏激的

产物所具有的坦诚真切

又暗讽所谓“偏中正”等学术理论的造作

另外 文章中的一些语句

深刻 精辟 富含哲理

读之令人心生快慰却又能引人深省

如 人生在世

言动专求合理 大可不必 说

人的言行举止没必要时时受

“合理”的束缚

要大胆去想去做

符合当下提出的“人才贵在创新”

如 语言当然不就是声音 但是在不中听

不愿听 或着隔着墙壁和

距离听不真的语言里

文字都丧失了圭角和轮廓

变成一团忽涨忽缩的喧闹

跟鸡鸣犬吠同样缺乏意义 一句

强调了治学应用心

戒三心二意

《一个偏见》的行文思路非常辩证

它不是从一条直线来运思

而是从多元角度来运思

这样既可使事理讲得辩证 圆熟

让人欣然接受

也能使文章的结构显得丰满 精致

钱钟书的哲理散文在思维上极具特色

从看似荒谬的地方 感悟别样的意味

在逻辑严密的思维中发现不合逻辑的人生荒谬

由此形成了亦庄亦谐 机敏幽默

充满智慧的写作特色

《一个偏见》就是一个最好的范本

本节微课到此结束

谢谢你的观看

Chinese Literature课程列表:

德行天下/Morality

-单元导学/Unit Guidance

--Microlecture:Staying Upright and Practicing Morality All over the World

-Recommended Reading

--Literature Appreciation:孔子论仁五则/Confucian Thought on Ren

--About the Writer:孔子/Confucius

--Literature Appreciation:老子二章/Two Chapters of Lao Zi

--About the Writer:老子/Lao Zi

--Literature Appreciation:橘颂/Ode to the Orange

--About the Writer:屈原/Qu Yuan

--Literature Appreciation:诫子书/Son of the Commandment

--About the Writer:诸葛亮/Zhuge Liang

-第一讲 孔子论仁五则/Confucian Thought on Ren

--PPT

--Microlecture:Adorable Confucius

--Microlecture:Confucius Teaches You "Ren "

--Microlecture:Respect and Tolerance, Making the World a Better Place

--Microlecture Test

--Extended Resource (Documentary):BBC's Introduction to Confucius

--Extended Resource (Movie):Confucius' Views on the Relationship Between Humaneness and Ritual

-第二讲 老子二章/Two Chapters of Lao Zi

--PPT

--Microlecture:Water in the Eyes of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism

--Microlecture:The Goodness of the World is as Good as Water

--Microlecture Test

--Extended Resource (Movie):Laozi Went out of Hangu Pass

--Extended Resource (Movie):Confucius Talked About "Tao" with Laozi

-单元讨论/Unit Discussion

-单元作业/Unit Assignment

家国故里/Country

-单元导学/Unit Guidance

--Microlecture:Where is the Hometown at Dusk?

-推荐阅读/Recommended Reading

--Literature Appreciation:八声甘州/Eight Beats of Ganzhou Song by Liu Yong

--About the Writer:柳永/Liu Yong

--Literature Appreciation:满江红·登黄鹤楼有感/The River All Red · Meditations on the Yellow Crane Tower

--About the Writer:岳飞/Yue Fei

--Literature Appreciation:秋兴八首·其一/Eight Octaves on Autumnal Musings

--About the Writer:杜甫/Du Fu

--Literature Appreciation:病起书怀/Sick Book

--About the writer:陆游/ Lu You

--Literature Appreciation:雪落在中国的土地上/Snow Falls on China’s Land

--About the Writer:艾青/Ai Qing

-第一讲 八声甘州/Eight Beats of Ganzhou Song by Liu Yong

--PPT

--Microlecture:The Nostalgia of Eight Beats of Ganzhou Song

--Microlecture Test

--Extended Resource(Recitation): Eight Beats of Ganzhou Song

-第二讲 满江红·登黄鹤楼有感/The River All Red · Meditations on the Yellow Crane Tower

--PPT

--Microlecture:The Top-notch and Famous Tower, Yellow Crane Tower

--Microlecture:The “War” in the General Yue Fei’s Poetry

--Microlecture Test

--Extended Resource(Beijing Opera):The Whole River Red

-单元讨论/Unit Discussion

-单元作业/Unit Assignment

生命之歌/Life

-单元导学/Unit Guidance

--Microlecture:Playing the Song of Life

-推荐阅读/Recommended Reading

--Literature Appreciation:春夜宴诸从弟桃李园序/Preface to Feast on Spring Night in Peach & Plum Garden

--About the Writer:李白/Li Bai

--Literature Appreciation:八声甘州·寄参寥子/ Eight Beats of Ganzhou Song for a Buddhist Friend

--About the Writer: 苏轼/Su Shi

--Literature Appreciation:渐/Gradualness

--About the Writer:丰子恺/Zikai Feng

--Literature Appreciation:我喜欢出发/I like to start

--About the Writer:汪国真/Wang Guozhen

--Literature Appreciation:谈生命/On Life

--About the writer:冰心/Bing Xin

-第一讲 春夜宴诸从弟桃李园序/Preface to Feast on Spring Night in Peach & Plum Garden

--PPT

--Microlecture:A Dream Reture to the Tang Dynasty

--Microlecture:The Vigorous Poet Libai

--Microlecture:The Beautiful Rhythm of Preface to Feast on Spring Night in Peach & Plum Garden

--Microlecture Test

--Extended Resource:(Song)Li Bai

-第二讲 八声甘州·寄参廖子/Eight Beats of Ganzhou Song For a Buddhist Friend

--PPT

--Microlecture:Su Shi's Reform of the Traditional Style of Song Ci

--Microlecture:Su Shi's friends

--Microlecture:Gourmet Su Dongpo

--Microlecture Test

--Extended Resource:(Calligraphy) Eight Beats of Ganzhou Song for a Buddhist Friend

-单元讨论/Unit Discussion

-单元作业/Unit Assignment

守望理想/Ideals

-单元导学/Unit Guidance

--Microlecture:The Ideal is Always Accompanied with Youthfulness

-推荐阅读/Recommended Reading

--Literature Appreciation:白马篇/Song of the White Horse

--About the Writer: 曹植/Cao Zhi

--Literature Appreciation:命若琴弦/Strings of Life

--About the Writer:史铁生/ Shi Tiesheng

--Literature Appreciation:相信未来/Believe in the Future

--About the Writer:食指/Index Finger

--Literature Appreciation:报任安书/The translation of Ren an's book

--About the Writer:司马迁/Sima Qian

-第一讲 白马篇/Song of the White Horse

--PPT

--Microlecture:The Artistic Style of Song of the White Horse

--Microlecture:A Brave Youth ——An Analysis of the Character in Song of White Horse

--Microlecture:Cao Zhi's Guiding Effect on the Aesthetics of Knight-errant Poems

--Microlecture Test

--Extended Resource:(Movie clip) Sword Dance-Song of the White Horse

-第二讲 命若琴弦/Strings of Life

--PPT

--Microlecture:An disabled Chinese writer-Shi Tiesheng

--Microlecture:Real-life Novel and Ideographic Novel

--Microlecture:Hope is the Fulcrum of Life

--Microlecture:How Symbolism Are Used in Strings of Life

--Microlecture Test

--Extended Resource:(Movie)Strings of Life

-单元讨论/Unit Discussion

-单元作业/Unit Assignment

心灵智慧/Wisdom

-单元导学/Unit Guidance

--Microlecture:Eyes of the Mind

-推荐阅读/Recommended Reading

--Literature Appreciation:任公子钓鱼/Angling

--About the Writer: 庄子/Zhuang Zi

--Literature Appreciation:一个偏见/A Prejudice

--About the Writer:钱钟书/Qian Zhongshu

--Literature Appreciation:杂诗十二首·其一Twelve Miscellaneous Poems

--About the Writer:陶渊明/Tao Yuanming

--Literature Appreciation:偶然/Chance

--About the Writer:徐志摩/Xu Zhimo

--Literature Appreciation:从前慢/The Slow Pace of Life

--About the Writer:木心/Mu Xin

-第一讲 任公子钓鱼/Angling

--PPT

--Microlecture:Chuang Tzu and Fish

--Microlecture:The Art of Hyperbole in Chuang Tzu's Fables

--Microlecture Test

--Extended Resource:(Cartoon) Chuang Tzu Speaks

-第二讲 一个偏见/A Prejudice

--PPT

--Microlecture:Learn Metaphor with Qian Zhongshu

--Microlecture:The Sharp Edge behind Prejudice

--Microlecture Test

--Extended Resource: A Letter from Qian Zhongshu to His Friend

-单元讨论/Unit Discussion

-单元作业/Unit Assignment

情感探微/Emotion

-单元导学/Unit Guidance

--Microlecture:Where the emotion rises, the poem arises

-推荐阅读/Recommended Reading

--Literature Appreciation:你是人间四月天/You Are the April of This World

--About the Writer:林徽因/Lin Huiyin

--Literature Appreciation:多年父子成兄弟/Brotherhood between Father and Son for Many Years

--About the Writer: 汪曾祺/Wang Zengqi

--Literature Appreciation:鹊踏枝/Magpie on the Branch

--About the Writer:冯延巳/Feng Yansi

--Literature Appreciation: 我们仨(节选)/We Three(Extracts)

--About the Writer:杨绛/Yang Jiang

--Literature Appreciation:写给母亲/Written for My Mother

--About the Writer:贾平凹/Jia Pingwa

-第一讲 你是人间四月天/You Are the April of This World

--PPT

--Microlecture:The “Three Beauties” of Lin Whei-yin’s Poetry

--Microlecture:The Color in Poem You Are the April of This World

--Microlecture Test

--Extended Resource:(Recitation)You Are the April of This World

--Extended Resource:(Song)You Are the April of This World

-第二讲 多年父子成兄弟/Brotherhood between Father and Son for Many Years

--PPT

--Microlecture:Fatherhood

--Microlecture:The Art of Leaving Blanks in "Brotherhood between Father and Son for Many Years"

--Microlecture Test

--Extended Resource:(Cartoon) Father and Son

-单元讨论/Unit Discussion

-单元作业/Unit Assignment

寄兴山水/Nature

-单元导学/Unit Guidance

--Microlecture:Mountains and Rivers Are Always Bestowed with Emotions

-推荐阅读/Recommended Reading

--Literature Appreciation:秋登万山寄张五/To Zhang Wu from the Top of Mountain Wanshan on an Autumn Day

--About the Writer:孟浩然/ Meng Haoran

--Literature Appreciation:春江花月夜/A Moonlit Night on the Spring River

--About the Writer: 张若虚/Zhang Ruoxu

--Literature Appreciation:春之怀古/A Meditation on Spring

--About the Writer: 张晓风/Zhang Xiaofeng

--Literature Appreciation:我们站在高高的山巅/We Are Standing High on the Summit of a Mountain

--About the Writer:冯至/ Feng Zhi

-第一讲 秋登万山寄张五/To Zhang Wu from the Top of Mountain Wanshan on an Autumn Day

--PPT

--Microlecture:Comparison of Wang Wei’s and Meng Haoran’s Poems

--Microlecture:Wanshan—The Most Romantic Mountain

--Microlecture:Carefree and Leisurely Life Feelings

--Microlecture Test

--Extended Resource:(Scenic Film) Xiangyang--The Hometown of Meng Haoran

-第二讲 春江花月夜/A Moonlit Night on the Spring River

--PPT

--Microlecture:Appreciation of the Best Ever Poem "A Moonlit Night on the Spring River "

--Microlecture:Transcendental Beauty of " A Moonlit Night on the Spring River "

--Microlecture:The Artistic Beauty of Scenery, Reason and Love in " A Moonlit Night on the Spring River "

--Microlecture Test

--Extended Resource: (Music) Concert of "A Moonlit Night on the Spring River" in the Golden Hall of Vienna

-单元讨论/Unit Discussion

-单元作业/Unit Assignment

眺望爱情/Love

-单元导学/Unit Guidance

--Microlecture:Love Is the Combination of Two Semicircles

-推荐阅读/Recommended Reading

--Literature Appreciation:汉广/A Woodcutter’s Love

--Relevant Material: 诗经/The Book of Songs

--Literature Appreciation:西洲曲/Song of West Isle

--Relevant Material:南北朝民歌/Folk Songs of the Northern and Southern Dynasties

--Literature Appreciation:爱/Love

--About the Writer:张爱玲/ Zhang Ailing

--Literature Appreciation:神雕侠侣(节选)/ The Return of the Condor Heroes(Extracts)

--About the Writer: 金庸/Jin Yong

--Literature Appreciation: 红楼梦(节选)/The Dream of the Red Chamber(Extracts)

--About the Writer: 曹雪芹/Cao Xueqin

-第一讲 汉广/A Woodcutter’s Love

--PPT

--Microlecture:"A Woodcutter’s Love" Is Enjoyed for a Thousand Years

--Microlecture:Love Is Always Young

--Microlecture:Near the End of the World —— the Situation of Admiration in A Woodcutter’s Love

--Microlecture Test

--Extended Resource:(Cartoon) Confucius Institute's Evaluation of the Book of Songs

-第二讲 西洲曲/Song of West Isle

--PPT

--Microlecture:The Ingenious Use of Pun in “Song of West Isle”

--Microlecture:A Comparative Analysis of Love Poems in the Northern and Southern Dynasties

--Microlecture Test

--Extended Resource:(Ink Wash Painting) Lotus Picking

-单元讨论/Unit Discussion

-单元作业/Unit Assignment

人性探究/Humanity

-单元导学/Unit Guidance

--Microlecture:Humanity Is the Eternal River of Light

-推荐阅读/Recommended Reading

--Literature Appreciation:示众/A Public Example

--About the Writer: 鲁迅/Lu Xun

--Literature Appreciation:鸭窠围的夜/A Night at Mallard-Nest Village

--About the Writer: 沈从文/Shen Congwen

--Literature Appreciation:百合花/Lilies

--About he Writer: 茹志鹃/Ru Zhijuan

--Literature Appreciation:受戒/The Love Story of a Young Monk

--About the Writer:汪曾祺 Wang Zengqi

-第一讲 示众/A Public Example

--PPT

--Microlecture:Lu Xun’s Humor and Profundity

--Microlecture:The Ingenious Use of the Technique of "Display" in A Public Example

--Microlecture:To See and Be Seen

--Microlecture Test

--Extended Resource: (Movie clip) Lu Xun's Speech

-第二讲 鸭窠围的夜/A Night at Mallard-Nest Village

--PPT

--Microlecture:The Compassion of the Eternal Night.

--Microlecture:Listening to the Narration of the Eternal Night

--Microlecture Test

--Extended Resource:(Scenic Film) Fenghuang--The Hometown of Shen Congwen

-单元讨论/Unit Discussion

-单元作业/Unit Assignment

期末考试/Final Exam

-Final Exam

Microlecture:The Sharp Edge behind Prejudice笔记与讨论

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