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5.2. Carolingian Dynasty
Hi everybody this is the second part of chapter five Carolingian Dynasty.
1. The second dynasty of the Frankish kingdom is the Carolingian Dynasty from 751 to 987 AD. During the 6th and 7th centuries The Frankish kingdom split into kingdoms of Austrasia, Neustria, and Burgundy. All ruled by the Merovingian kings, descended from Clovis.
2. Pepin II (c. 635 – 714) was a statesman and a military leader from Austrasia who reunited Francia. He took the title Duke and Prince of the Franks and Mayor of the Palace of all the Frankish kingdoms he conquered. The Mayor of the palace was the manager of the household of the Frankish king. The office existed from the sixth century, and during the seventh century it evolved into the highest office just below the king, actuary they had "power behind the throne", more powerful than kings. After the death of Pepin II in 714, his son Charles Martel (c. 688 – 741) inherited the office of the Mayor of the palace.
Charles Martel began the series of military campaigns to strengthen the power of a united kingdoms. In 732 at the Battle of Tours Charles Martel defeated a Muslim army of the Umayyad Caliphate which invaded Francia from Spain. This battle ended the last of the great Arab invasions of France. Charles Martel also supported the Roman papacy, the Papal state depended the protection of Frankish army against the power of Lombard and Byzantine power. Although Charles Martel acted as a king but he didn’t take the title of king, but his son Pepin III did care about it.
3. Pepin III, also known as Pepin the Short (c. 714 – 768) was the first King of the Carolingian Dynasty from 751 until his death. "The short" is a nickname first appeared in the 11th century, maybe he was short. Some people say it meant "younger," because he was the youngest son. Pepin asked Pope Zachary "who should be King, he who has the title, or he who has the power?" Pope answered "he who had the power". We know the Papal state need the protection of the Frankish army. In 751 a representative of the pope anointed Pepin III king of the Frankish kingdom. To anoint someone means to put oil or water on a part of their body, usually for religious reasons. The Carolingian dynasty takes its name from Carolus, the Latin name of Charles Martel, kings after him called themselves "Carolingian", meaning "descendant of Charles" or "the family of Charles."
4. Charlemagne(742—814)
Pepin the Short died in 768. The Frankish kingdom realm was divided between his two sons: Charles and his young brother Carloman. Only 3 years later Carloman suddenly died and this made Charles the sole ruler.
Charlemagne or Charles the Great was son of Pepin the Short. He was King of the Franks from 768, King of the Lombards from 774, and Holy Roman Emperor from 800. He united much of western and central Europe, the expanded Frankish state Charlemagne founded is called the Carolingian Empire. He united most of Western and central Europe for the first time since the fall of the Western Roman Empire three centuries earlier.
5. Father of Europe Charlemagne was known as the "Father of Europe". He was a large man with a restless spirit, a brave warrior led his army defeated all enemy before him. He conquered the kingdom of Lombards, Aquitaine, Bavaria and Saxony near the North Sea coast of today’s Germany. He controlled all of modern France, Germany, the Low Countries, most of the Balkans, most of Italy, Austria, Hungary, parts of Poland and a small portion of northern Spain. The Low Countries include today’s Belgium, Luxembourg and the Netherlands.
6. Holy Roman Emperor
Like Alexander the Great created the Macedonian Empire,Augustus created the Roman Empire, Charlemagne created a new united Christian empire in western and central Europe. It is called the Holy Roman Empire which started from 800 until its dissolution in 1806.
Charlemagne followed his father's policy towards the papacy and became its protector and the pope retuned with the highest title of emperor. The Christmas of 800 is a very important day in the history of Europe. Charlemagne travelled to Rome. In Saint Peter's Basilica a coronation ceremony was held. Pope Leo III placed a crown on Charlemagne’s head, claimed him to be the "Emperor of the Romans". He was now called Emperor and Augustus. Emperor is generally recognized to be of a higher honor and rank than king. In Western Europe the title of Emperor was used exclusively by the Holy Roman Emperors, they claimed to be the successors of the Western Roman Emperors.
Carolingian Renaissance
The Carolingian Renaissance was a period of cultural activity in the Carolingian Empire. It lasted from the late eighth century to the ninth century during the reigns of Charlemagne and his son Louis the Pious. During this period there was an increase of the arts, literature, writing, architecture, scriptural studies, and reforms of laws and church services. Scriptural is used to describe things that are written in or based on the Christian Bible. Supported by their emperor, the secular and ecclesiastical leaders took inspiration from the Christian Roman Empire of the fourth century. Ecclesiastical means belonging to or connected with the Christian Church. They copied and preserved classical texts, and they developed a calligraphic standard so that the Latin alphabet could be easily recognized. This handwriting style called the Carolingian minuscule, and early modern Italic script developed from it.
7. The Palatine Chapel was a masterpiece of architecture from the Carolingian Renaissance. Palatine means of or relating to a palace, chapel is a small church. Aachen was the capital of Charlemagne’s empire, today a small German city near the Border of Belgium. Charlemagne built a Palace there modeled on the ancient Roman buildings. He sent royal agents go across Europe searching for the columns, marbles and ornaments could be reused. Today much of the palace is destroyed, but the Palatine Chapel has been preserved. From this photo we can see the three floors inside the chapel. The upper one represents the heavens; the ground floor was used by priests and people for worship. Charlemagne’s throne was on the second floor; symbolizing his position between the people and the God.
8. Pope claimed Charlemagne Holy Roman Emperor
9. Disintegration of the Empire
Charlemagne died in 814, his son Emperor Louis the Pious (778 – 840) followed him as a sole ruler of a united empire. But after the death of Louis the Pious in 840 there was a three year war between his three sons. Finally the empire was divided by his three sons into three kingdoms. They constantly fought one another. The king of the West Franks was Charles the Bald, the king of the middle Franks was Lothair, the king of the East Franks was Louis the German. In the future the West Franks became France, the East Franks became Germany, and the middle Franks became Holland, Belgium, Luxembourg, Lorraine, Switzerland and northern Italy.
The Carolingian dynasty ended in the West Francia in 987 when Hugh Capet succeeded the last Carolingian king became the first King of a new Capetian dynasty. In the East the death of the last Carolingian king Louis the Child in 911 marked the end.
Let’s look at the key words
Carolingian Dynasty Charles Martel, Pepin the Short Charlemagne, Holy Roman Empire.
Ok it is the second part of the chapter Five, Carolingian Dynasty
返回《History of Western Civilization 全英文西方文明史》慕课在线视频列表
Hi everybody
This is the second part of
the chapter five
Carolingian Dynasty
The second dynasty of
the Frankish kingdom
is the Carolingian Dynasty
from 751 to 987 AD
During the 6th and 7th centuries
The Frankish kingdom split
into kingdoms
of Austrasia Neustria and Burgundy
All ruled by the Merovingian kings
descended from Clovis
Pepin II
was a statesman and
a military leader from Austrasia
who reunited Francia
He took the title Duke and Prince
of the Franks
and Mayor of the Palace of
all the Frankish kingdoms
he conquered
The Mayor of the palace
was the manager
of the household of the Frankish king
The office existed from
the sixth century
and during the seventh
century it evolved
into the highest office
just below the king
Actuary they had power
behind the throne
more powerful than kings
After the death of Pepin II in 714
his son Charles Martel inherited
the office
of the Mayor of the palace
Charles Martel began the series
of military campaigns
to strengthen the power
of a united kingdoms
In 732 at the Battle of Tours
Charles Martel defeated
a Muslim army
a Muslim army
of the Umayyad Caliphate
which invaded Francia from Spain
This battle ended the last of the great
Arab invasions of France
Charles Martel also supported
the Roman papacy
The Papal state depended
the protection of Frankish army
against the power of Lombard
and Byzantine power
Although Charles Martel acted as a king
he did not take the title of king
But his son Pepin III did care about it
This is Pepin III also known
as Pepin the Short
He was the first King of the
Carolingian Dynasty
from 751 until his death
The short is a nickname first
appeared in the 11th century
maybe he was short
Some people say it meant younger
because he was the youngest son
Pepin asked Pope Zachary
who should be King
He who has the title or he
who has the power
who has the power
Pope answered he who had the power
We know the Papal state need
the protection of the Frankish army
In 751 a representative of the
pope anointed Pepin III
king of the Frankish kingdom
To anoint someone means to
put oil or water
on a part of their body
usually for religious reasons
The Carolingian dynasty takes
its name from Carolus
the Latin name of Charles Martel
Kings after him called
themselves Carolingian
meaning descendant of Charles
or the family of Charles
Pepin the Short died in 768
The Frankish kingdom realm
was divided between his two sons
Charles and his young
brother Carloman
Only 3 years later Carloman
suddenly died
and this made Charles the only ruler
Charlemagne or Charles the Great
was son of Pepin the Short
He was King of the Franks from 768
King of the Lombards from 774
and Holy Roman Emperor from 800
He united much of the western
and central Europe
The expanded Frankish state
Charlemagne founded
is called the Carolingian Empire
He united most of Western
and central Europe for the
first time since the fall of the
Western Roman Empire
three centuries earlier
Charlemagne was known
as the Father of Europe
He was a large man with
a restless spirit
a brave warrior led his army
defeated all enemy before him
He conquered the
kingdom of Lombards
Aquitaine Bavaria and Saxony
near the North Sea coast of
today's Germany
He controlled all of modern
France Germany
the Low Countries most
of the Balkans
most of Italy Austria Hungary
parts of Poland
and a small portion of
northern Spain
The Low Countries include
today's Belgium
Luxembourg and the Netherlands
Like Alexander the Great created
the Macedonian Empire
Augustus created the Roman Empire
Charlemagne created a new
united Christian empire
in the western and central Europe
It is called the Holy Roman Empire
which started from 800 until its
dissolution in 1806
Charlemagne followed his
father's policy towards the papacy
and became its protector
and the pope retuned with the
highest title of emperor
The Christmas of 800
is a very important day
in the history of Europe
Charlemagne travelled to Rome
In Saint Peter’s Basilica a coronation
ceremony was held
Pope Leo III placed a crown
on Charlemagne’s head
claimed him to be the
Emperor of the Romans
He was now called Emperor
and Augustus
Emperor is generally recognized
to be of a higher honor
and rank than king
In Western Europe the title
of Emperor was used
exclusively by the Holy
Roman Emperors
They claimed to be the successors
of the Western Roman Emperors
The Carolingian Renaissance
was a period
of cultural activity in the
in the Carolingian Empire
It lasted from the late eighth
century to the ninth century
during the reigns of Charlemagne
and his son Louis the Pious
During this period
there was an increase of arts
literature writing architecture
scriptural studies and reforms
of laws and church services
Scriptural is used to describe things
that are written in or based
on the Christian Bible
Supported by their emperor
the secular and ecclesiastical
leaders took inspiration
from the Christian Roman
Empire of the fourth century
Ecclesiastical means belonging
to or connected
with the Christian Church
They copied and preserved
classical texts
and they developed
a calligraphic standard
so that the Latin alphabet could
be easily recognized
This handwriting style called
Carolingian minuscule
and early modern Italic script
developed from it
The Palatine Chapel was a
masterpiece of architecture
from the Carolingian Renaissance
Palatine means of or relating
to a palace
Chapel is a small church
Aachen was the capital of
Charlemagne’s empire
today ia small German city
near the Border of Belgium
Charlemagne built a Palace there
Modeled on the ancient
Roman buildings
He sent royal agents go across
Europe searching for
the columns marbles and
ornaments could be reused
Today much of the
palace is destroyed
but the Palatine Chapel
has been preserved
From this photo we can see the
three floors inside the chapel
The upper one represents the heavens
the ground floor was used by
priests and people for worship
Charlemagne’s throne was
on the second floor
symbolizing his position
between the people and the God
And this is the painting
We can see Pope claimed
Charlemagne Holy Roman Emperor
Charlemagne died in 814
His son Emperor Louis
the Pious followed him
as a sole ruler of a united empire
But after the death of
Louis the Pious in 840
there was a three years
war between his three sons
Finally the empire was divided
by his three sons
into three kingdoms
They constantly
fought one another
The king of the West
Franks was Charles the Bald
The king of the middle
Franks was Lothair
The king of the East
Franks was Louis the German
In the future the West
Franks became France
and East Franks became Germany
and the middle Franks
became Holland Belgium
Luxembourg Lorraine
Switzerland and northern Italy
The Carolingian dynasty
ended in the West Francia in 987
when Hugh Capet succeeded
the last Carolingian king
became the first King of a
new Capetian dynasty
In the East the death of the
last Carolingian king
Louis the Child in 911 marked the end
Let’s look at the key words
Carolingian Dynasty
Charles Martel
Pepin the Short
Charlemagne
Holy Roman Empire
Ok this is the second part
of the chapter Five
Carolingian Dynasty
-1.0 Introduction
--1.0.3 Exercises
-1.1 Greek Bronze Age and Dark Age
--1.1.3 Exercises
-1.2 Greek Gods
--1.2.3 Exercises
-1.3 Archaic Greece
--1.3.3 Exercises
-1.4 Athens and the Persian Wars
--1.4.3 Exercises
-1.5 Discussion
-2.1 War and politics in the fifth century BC
--2.1.3 Exercises
-2.2 Greece in the fourth century BC
--2.2.3 Exercises
-2.3 Classical Greek Philosophy
--2.3.3 Exercises
-2.4 Athenian Drama
--2.4.3 Exercises
-2.5 Alexander the Great and Hellenistic World
--2.5.3 Exercises
-2.6 Discussion
-3.1 Roman Kingdom
--3.1.3 Exercises
-3.2 Early Republic
--3.2.3 Exercises
-3.3 Mid-Republic
--3.3.3 Exercises
-3.4 Late-Republic
--3.4.3 Exercises
-3.5 End of the Republic
--3.5.3 Exercises
-3.6 Discussion
-4.1 Pax Romana 1
--4.1.3 Excecises
-4.2 Pax Romana 2
--4.2.3 Excecises
-4.3 Crisis of the Third Century and Constantine
--4.3.3 Excecises
-4.4 The Victory of Christianity
--4.4.3 Exercises
-4.5 The Fall of the Roman Empire
--4.5.3 Exercises
-4.6 Discussion
-5.1 Early Middle Ages
--5.1.3 Excecises
-5.2 Carolingian Dynasty
--5.2.3 Excecises
-5.3 High Middle Ages
--5.3.3 Excecises
-5.4 Late Middle Ages 1
--5.4.1 Excecises
-5.5 Late Middle Ages 2
--5.5.3 Excecises
-5.6 Discussion
-6.1 The Renaissance
--6.1.3 Exercises
-6.2 Protestant Reformation
--6.2.3 Exercises
-6.3 Italian Wars and Rise of Russia
--6.3.3 Exercises
-6.4 Age of Discovery
--6.4.3 Exercises
-6.5 French War of Religion and Russia’s Time of Trouble
--6.5.3 Exercises
-6.6 Discussion
-7.1 The Thirty Years War
--7.1.3 Exercises
-7.2 English Revolution
--7.2.3 Exercises
-7.3 Three Absolute Monarchs
--7.3.3 Exercises
-7.4 Dutch Golden Age
--7.4.3 Exercises
-7.5 Science and Culture in the 17th Century
--7.5 Text
--7.5.3 Exercises
-7.6 Discussion
-8.1 The United Kingdom
--8.1.3 Exercises
-8.2 The American Revolution
--8.2.3 Exercises
-8.3 The French Revolution
--8.3.3 Exercises
-8.4 Age of Enlightenment
--8.4.3 Exercises
-8.5 West after the 18th century
--8.5.3 Exercises
-8.6 Discussion