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Key points C3-L3 Process of DNA replication

      You have already known the structure and functions of the DNA polymerase core enzymes, but it is not enough to understand the process of DNA replication which is a complex enzymatic reaction involving a variety of enzymes, including topoisomerases, DNA helicases, single-stranded DNA-binding proteins, primase, DNA polymerase III, DNA polymerase I and ligases. Two strands of DNA replication was conducted on the replication fork at the same time, however, we shouldn’t forget that DNA synthesis can be only carried out from 5 ' to 3'. So how do these two new strands of DNA work together on the replication fork? Let’s take a look at their teamwork.


The key points of this section include:

1. Different modes for the initiation of DNA replication

Replication fork, rolling circle replication/covalent extension mode and D loop/the strand displacement mode

2. Semi-discontinuous replication of DNA

leading strand, lagging strand and Okazaki fragments.

3. The process of DNA replication on the replication fork

Helicase unwinds DNA double-strands. The maintenance of single chain state requires single chain binding protein. RNA primers are synthesized by primase. Leading strand synthesizes continuously, followed by the synthesis of Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand, RNA primers removing, DNA gap filling and Okazaki fragments connection.

4. Coordinating replication at the replication fork

Trombone model of DNA replication

5. Topoisomerase II is involved in the separation of daughter molecules topologically linked to each other.


下一节:Video C3-L3 Process of DNA replication

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Basic Molecular Biology 课程列表：

Chapter 1 The material basis of genetic information

- C1-Lecture 1 The past and present journey of molecular biology

--Key points C1-L1 The past and present journey of molecular biology

--Video-C1-L1 The past and present journey of molecular biology

--Discussion C1-L1

--Lecture 1-Homework

-C1-Lecture 2 The nature of genetic material

--Key points C1-L2 The nature of genetic material

--Video-C1-L2 The nature of genetic material

--Discussion C1-L2

--C1-Lecture 2-Homework

-C1-Lecture 3 Amazing DNA double helix

--Key points C1-L3 Amazing DNA double helix

--Video C1-L3 Amazing DNA double helix

--Discussion C1-L3

--C1-Lecture 3-Homework

-C1-Lecture 4 Supercoiled DNA

--Key points C1-L4 Supercoiled DNA

--Video C1-L4 Supercoiled DNA

--Discussion C1-L4

--C1-Lecture 4-Homework

-C1-Lecture 5 Denaturation, renaturation and hybridization

--Key points C1-L5 Denaturation, renaturation and hybridization

--Video C1-L5 Denaturation, renaturation and hybridization

--Discussion C1-L5

--C1-Lecture 5-Homework

-C1-Lecture 6 Nucleic acids extraction and gel electrophoresis

--Key points C1-L6 Nucleic acid extraction and gel electrophoresis

--Video C1-L6 Nucleic acid extraction and gel electrophoresis

--Discussion C1-L6

--C1-Lecture 6-Homework

-Chapter 1 Test

-Learning resources

--Web resources

-- References

Chapter 2 From gene to chromosome

-C2-Lecture 1 Genome does not equal to chromosome

--Key points C2-L1 Genomes are not equal to chromosomes

--Video C2-L1 Genomes are not equal to chromosomes

--Discussion C2-L1 Genomes are not equal to chromosomes

--C2-Lecture 1-Homework

-C2-Lecture 2 Nucleosomes and their Assembly

--Key points C2-L2 Nucleosomes and their Assembly

--Video C2-L2 Nucleosomes and their Assembly

--Discussion C2-L2 Nucleosomes and their Assembly

--C2-Lecture 2-Homework

-C2-Lecture 3 Higher order chromatin structure

--Key points C2-L3 Higher order chromatin structure

--Video C2-L3 Higher order chromatin structure

--Discussion C2-L3 Higher order chromatin structure

--C2-Lecture 3-Homework

-C2-Lecture 4 Chromatin modification and remodeling

--Key points C2-L4 Chromatin modification and remodeling

--Video C2-L4 Chromatin modification and remodeling

--Discussion C2-L4 Chromatin modification and remodeling

--C2-Lecture 4-Homework

-Chapter 2 Tests

-Learning resources

--Web resources

--References

Chapter 3 Who is in pairs? DNA replication

-C3-Lecture 1 Semiconservative DNA replication

--Key points C3-L1 Semiconservative DNA replication

--Video C3-L1 Semiconservative DNA replication

--Discussion C3-L1 Semiconservative DNA replication

--C3-Lecture1 Homework

-C3-Lecture 2 The mechanism of DNA polymerase

--Key points C3-L2 The mechanism of DNA polymerase

--Video C3-L2 The mechanism of DNA polymerase

--Discussion C3-L2 The mechanism of DNA polymerase

--C3-Lecture 2-Homework

-C3-Lecture 3 Process of DNA replication

--Key points C3-L3 Process of DNA replication

--Video C3-L3 Process of DNA replication

--Discussion C3-L3 Process of DNA replication

--C3-Lecture 3-Homework

-C3-Lecture 4 Regulation of DNA replication initiation

--Key points C3-L4 Regulation of DNA replication initiation

--Video C3-L4 Regulation of DNA replication initiation

--Discussion C3-L4 Regulation of DNA replication initiation

--C3-Lecture 4-Homework

-C3-Lecture 5 The end replication problem and telomere

--Key points C3-L5 The end replication problem and telomere

--Video C3-L5 The end replication problem and telomere

--Discussion C3-L5 The end replication problem and telomere

--C3-Lecture 5-Homework

-C3-Lecture 6 Let’s “cook” DNA

--Video C3-L6 Let’s “cook” DNA

--Discussion C3-L6 Let’s “cook” DNA

--C3-Lecture 6-Homework

- Chapter 3 Tests

-Learning resources

--Web resources

--References

Chapter 4 DNA mutation and repair

-C4-Lecture 1 Replication errors and the mismatch repair system

--Key points 4-1 Replication errors and the mismatch repair system

--Video 4-1 Replication errors and the mismatch repair system

--Discussion 4-1 Replication errors and the mismatch repair system

--C4-Lecture 1-Homework

-C4-Lecture 2 DNA damage

--Key points 4-2 DNA damage

--Video 4-2 DNA damage

--Discussion 4-2 DNA damage

--C4-Lecture 2-Homework

-C4-Lecture 3 DNA Repair

--Key points 4-3 DNA Repair

--Video 4-3 DNA Repair

--Discussion 4-3 DNA Repair

--C4-Lecture 3-Homework

-C4-Lecture 4 DNA Homologous Recombination

--Key points 4-4 DNA Homologous Recombination

--Video 4-4 DNA Homologous Recombination

--Discussion 4-4 DNA Homologous Recombination

--C4-Lecture 4-Homework

-C4-Lecture 5 Changing the natural gene sequences

--Key points 4-5 Changing the natural gene sequences

--Video 4-5 Changing the natural gene sequences

--Discussion 4-5 Changing the natural gene sequences

-Chapter 4 test

- Learning resources

--Web resources

--References

--References

Chapter 5 Transcription in prokaryotes

-C5-Lecture 1 RNA polymerase

--Key points 5-1 RNA polymerase

--Video 5-1 RNA polymerase

--Discussion 5-1 RNA polymerase

--C5-Lecture 1-Homework

-C5-Lecture 2 Transcription process in prokaryotes

--Key points 5-2 Transcription process in prokaryotes

--Video 5-2 Transcription process in prokaryotes

--Discussion 5-2 Transcription process in prokaryotes

--C5-Lecture 2-Homework

-C5-Lecture 3 Transcriptional regulation in bacterial I: Lac operon

--Key points 5-3 Transcriptional regulation in bacterial I: Lac operon

--Video 5-3 Transcriptional regulation in bacterial I: Lac operon

--Discussion 5-3 Transcriptional regulation in bacterial I: Lac operon

--C5-Lecture 3-Homework

-C5-Lecture 4 Transcriptional regulation in bacterial II: Tryptophan operon

--Key points 5-4 Transcriptional regulation in bacterial II: Tryptophan operon

--Video 5-4 Transcriptional regulation in bacterial II: Tryptophan operon

--Discussion 5-4 Transcriptional regulation in bacterial II: Tryptophan operon

--C5-Lecture 4-Homework

-Chapter 5 Test

-Learning resources

--References

Chapter 6 Transcription in eukaryotes

-Lecture 1 Eukaryotic RNA polymerase and promoter

--Key points 6-1 Eukaryotic RNA polymerase and promoter

--Video 6-1 Eukaryotic RNA polymerase and promoter

--Discussion 6-1 Eukaryotic RNA polymerase and promoter

--C6-Lecture 1-Homework

-Lecture 2 Transcription process in eukaryotic cell

--Key points 6-2 Transcription process in eukaryotic cell

--Video 6-2 Transcription process in eukaryotic cell

--Discussion 6-2 Transcription process in eukaryotic cell

--C6-Lecture 2-Homework

-Lecture 3 Transcription factors of eukaryotic cell

--Key points 6-3 Transcription factors of eukaryotic cell

--Video 6-3 Transcription factors of eukaryotic cell

--Discussion 6-3 Transcription factors of eukaryotic cell

--C6-Lecture 3-Homework

-Lecture 4 Epigenetic Regulation of gene expression

--Key points 6-4 Epigenetic Regulation of gene expression

--Video 6-4 Epigenetic Regulation of gene expression

--Discussion 6-4 Epigenetic Regulation of gene expression

--C6-Lecture 4-Homework

-Chapter 6 Test

-Learning resources

--Web resources

--References

Chapter 7 RNA Processing

-Lecture 1 RNA splicing

--Key points 7-1 RNA splicing

--Video 7-1 RNA splicing

--Discussion 7-1 RNA splicing

--C7-Lecutre 1-Homework

-Lecture 2 Cotranscriptional processing of nuclear pre-mRNA

--Key points 7-2 Cotranscriptional processing of nuclear pre-mRNA

--Video 7-2 Cotranscriptional processing of nuclear pre-mRNA

--Discussion 7-2 Cotranscriptional processing of nuclear pre-mRNA

--C7-Lecture 2-Homework

-Lecture 3 One gene one protein? Alternative RNA splicing

--Key points 7-3 One gene one protein? Alternative RNA splicing

--Video 7-3 One gene one protein? Alternative RNA splicing

--Discussion 7-3 One gene one protein? Alternative RNA splicing

--C7-Lecture 3-Homework

-Lecture 4 “Seeing” RNA

--Key points 7-4 “Seeing” RNA

--Video 7-4 “Seeing” RNA

--Discussion 7-4 “Seeing” RNA

-C7-Lecture 4-Homework

-Chapter 7 Test

-Learning Resources

--References

Chapter 8 Protein Synthesis, translation

-Lecture 1 Genetic codons and ribosome

--Key points 8-1 Genetic codons and ribosome

--Video 8-1 Genetic codons and ribosome

--Discussion 8-1 Genetic codons and ribosome

--C8-Lecture 1-Homework

-Lecture 2 Process of translation

--Key points 8-2 Process of translation

--Video 8-2 Process of translation

--Discussion 8-2 Process of translation

--C8-Lecture 2-Homework

-Lecture 3 Regulation of gene expression at Translational level

--Key points 8-3 Regulation of gene expression at Translational level

--Video 8-3 Regulation of gene expression at Translational level

--Discussion 8-3 Regulation of gene expression at Translational level

--C8-Lecture 3-Homework

-Lecture 4 Looking for your protein

--Key points 8-4 Looking for your protein

--Video 8-4 Looking for your protein

-Chapter 8 Test

-Learning resources

--References

--Life Cycle of an mRNA

--mRNA procesiing

--Protein synthesis

--SDS-PAGE

Final Exam

-Final Exam

Key points C3-L3 Process of DNA replication笔记与讨论

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