7.3 Reading and Scaffolding Expository Texts慕课视频播放-主题英语-MOOC慕课视频教程-柠檬大学

本节将着重学习阅读和剖析说明文。

这里的剖析文章指的是分析文章结构。

我们将会帮助学生们理解说明文的结构。

为什么是说明文呢？

说明文本对年轻的读者来说有一定的难度，但是其中也蕴含丰富的资源和信息。

阅读说明文本可以帮助读者更快更好地理解内容。

首先，我们先谈谈说明文。

说明文与叙述文在语气、文体、结构和特色等很多方面有所不同。

第一、说明文带有一种权威的语调，因为作者对其所书写的主题拥有真实可信以及精确的信息。

第二、这些文本的风格与叙述文风格大相径庭。

说明文语言清晰、主题突出，从事实出发，或由总细分、或从抽象到具体。

说明文的另一个方面是他们使用特定的结构来呈现或解释信息。

最常见的五种信息文本是：

因果型、对比-比较型、定义-举例型、解决问题型、命题支撑型或者按顺序排列型。

问题解决型：作者提出一个问题，然后给出答案。

定义：作者描述并解释一个话题。

比较/对比：作者比较及对比两个或者更多相似事件、话题或者事物。

因果：作者描绘一个或多个原因，然后描述接下来的结果。

按时间排序：作者按数字顺序或者时间顺序列出事物或者事件。

这里，在这个表格中，你可以看到各种说明文结构中常出现的信号词。

这些信号词可以提示你这个文本是什么结构。

当然还有一些其他类型的说明文。

有时候，在一个说明文里，会用到许多不同的说明文结构类型说阐述一个论点。

理解说明文结构可以很好地帮助我们写作和阅读。

举例来说，如果你要写“城市生活和乡村生活”，你会立马理解说这是明显的“比较和对比”型说明文。

那么，接下来你就可以按照这种说明文结构对它们的相同点和不同点进行层层论述。

或者当你写“电游成瘾”这个题目的时候，你可以快速的使用“问题解决型”或“因果型”结构来展开观点论述。

现在，我们来分析一下第七单元的课文A。

这是一篇典型的说明文。

在第一段，我们可以看到主题句就是第一句话，告诉我们说今天的年轻人有超强的购买力。

然后，第二段开始告诉我们说很多公司开始针对十几岁或者更小一些的孩子，尤其是针对女孩，展开营销，提高利润。

第三段开始告诉我们说网络是年轻人市场中的另一个重要部分。

最后，在最后两段，我们了解到作者的意图，教会孩子们对金钱和消费保有一种负责任的态度是很重要的。并且，他们应该尽早学会理财和省钱。

通过分析文本，我们会很容易发现这篇文章接近一种“问题解决型”结构。

文章首先给出信息，告诉我们问题是什么或者实际情况怎样，也就是年轻人的购买力在不断攀升。

然后文章开始告诉我们许多公司意识到这种情况，开始尽最大可能吸引年轻的消费者。

而网络使得年轻人的消费变得更加容易。

所以最后，文章要我们注意问题的解决方法：年轻人应该尽早学会理财。

当文本的内部结构对学生来说清晰可见时，阅读内容最为有效。

通过剖析文本，学生们对于文章内容会有大致的了解，因此他们可以在阅读和写作的全过程中思考遇到的概念和问题，这对他们来说是非常有益的。

最后，我希望今天的这一节会帮助你对于说明文结构有更进一步的理解，也同时能够帮助你学习分析说明文，

最终在阅读和写作上更进一步。

主题英语课程列表：

01 COLLEGE LIFE

-1.1 Lexical Chunks Expressing Aims

--1.1 Lexical Chunks Expressing Aims

--1.1 Discussion

-1.2 Sentence Patterns for Research

--1.2 Sentence Patterns for Research

-1.3 An Introduction to Essay Writing

--1.3 An Introduction to Essay Writing

-1.4 An Introduction to MOOCs

--1.4 An Introduction to MOOCs

-1.5 Chinese Dragons

--1.5 Chinese Dragons

--1.5 Discussion

-Test 01

02 A WORLD OF FAST FOOD

-2.1 Lexical Chunks for Dish, Flavor and Cookware

--2.1 Lexical Chunks for Dish, Flavor and Cookware

--2.1 Discussion

-2.2 Sentence Patterns for Describing Problems

--2.2 Sentence Patterns for Describing Problems

--2.2 Discussion

-2.3 Four Bases for Revising Essays (1): Unity and Support

--2.3 Four Bases for Revising Essays (1): Unity and Support

-2.4 The 8 Great Cuisines of China

--2.4 The 8 Great Cuisines of China

-2.5 Chinese Dumplings

--2.5 Chinese Dumplings

-Test 02

03 HEALTHY HABITS

-3.1 Lexical Chunks for Mental Health

--3.1 Lexical Chunks for Mental Health

--3.1 Discussion

-3.2 Three Most Common Types of Sentence-skills Errors in Writing

--3.2 Three Most Common Types of Sentence-skills Errors in Writing

-3.3 Point and Support in Essay Writing

--3.3 Point and Support in Essay Writing

-3.4 The Relationship Between Health and Stress

--3.4 The Relationship Between Health and Stress

-3.5 Acupuncture and Other TCM Therapies

--3.5 Acupuncture and Other TCM Therapies

--3.5 Discussion

-Test 03

04 PERSONAL HEROES

-4.1 Lexical Chunks for Giving Opinions

--4.1 Lexical Chunks for Giving Opinions

--4.1 Discussion

-4.2 Dependent-Word Fragments

--4.2 Dependent-Word Fragments

-4.3 Four Bases for Revising Essays (2): Coherence and Sentence Skills

--4.3 Four Bases for Revising Essays (2): Coherence and Sentence Skills

-4.4 Creative Problem Solving

--4.4 Creative Problem Solving

-4.5 Chinese Kung Fu

--4.5 Chinese Kung Fu

--4.5 Discussion

-Test 04

05 BILINGUAL EDUCATION

-5.0 Introduction: Bilingual Education

--5.0 Introduction: Bilingual Education

--5.0 Discussion

-5.1 Prefixes Related to Numbers

--5.1 Lexical Learning by Introducing Prefixes Related to Numbers

-5.2 Sentence Patterns for Giving Definitions

--5.2 Sentence Patterns for Giving Definitions

-5.3 How to Give Definitions in Essay Writing

--5.3 How to Give Definitions in Essay Writing

-5.4 The Importance of Language Learning

--5.4 The Importance of Language Learning

--5.4 Discussion

-5.5 Chinese Characters

--5.5 Chinese Characters

-Test 05

06 LOVE AND MARRIAGE

-6.0 Introduction: Love and Marriage

--6.0 Introduction: Love and Marriage

-6.1 Lexical Chunks: Cultural Words Related to Chinese Weddings

--6.1 Lexical Chunks: Cultural Words Related to Chinese Weddings

-6.2 Sentence Pattern: Should Passive Voice be Encouraged in Writing?

--6.2 Sentence Pattern: Should Passive Voice be Encouraged in Writing?

-6.3 How to Write a Supported Opinion Paragraph?

--6.3 How to Write a Supported Opinion Paragraph?

-6.4 Which is Your Idea of Marriage, Love-oriented or Money-oriented?

--6.4 Which is Your Idea of Marriage, Love-oriented or Money-oriented?

--6.4 Discussion

-6.5 Chinese Chopsticks

--6.5 Chinese Chopsticks

--6.5 Discussion

-Test 06

07 MONEY MATTERS

-7.0 Introduction: Budget

--7.0 Introduction: Budget

-7.1 Lexical Chunks: The Key Word “Deposit”

--7.1 Lexical Chunks: The Key Word “Deposit”

--7.1 Discussion

-7.2 Sentence Patterns on Expressing Purposes

--7.2 Sentence Patterns on How to Express Purposes

-7.3 Zooming in Expository Texts

--7.3 Reading and Scaffolding Expository Texts

-7.4 Spend Less? Earn More? Which Is the Better Path?

--7.4 Spend Less? Earn More? Which Is the Better Path?

-7.5 Chinese Seal

--7.5 Chinese Seal

--7.5 Discussion

-Test 07

08 SPACE IS THE PLACE

-8.1 Lexical Chunks for Space Exploration

--8.1 Lexical Chunks for Space Exploration

--8.1 Discussion

-8.2 Sentence Pattern: There be

--8.2 Sentence Pattern: There be

-8.3 Superordinate and Subordinate in Writing

--8.3 Superordinate and Subordinate in Writing

-8.4 Critical Thinking: Why Do We Explore Space?

--8.4 Critical Thinking: Why Do We Explore Space?

-8.5 Chinese Era

--8.5 Chinese Era

--8.5 Discussion

-Test 08

09 POPULATION AND IMMIGRATION

-9.1 Lexical Chunks for Immigration

--9.1 Lexical Chunks for Immigration

-9.2 Sentence Logic: Negation

--9.2 Sentence Logic: Negation

-9.3 Exemplification in Writing

--9.3 Exemplification in Writing

-9.4 Critical Thinking: Pros and Cons of Multiculturalism

--9.4 Critical Thinking: Pros and Cons of Multiculturalism

--9.4 Discussion

-9.5 Chinese Silk

--9.5 Chinese Silk

--9.5 Discussion

-Test 09

10 DISASTERS

-10.1 Lexical Chunks for Disasters

--10.1 Lexical Chunks for Disasters

-10.2 Sentence Writing: Inanimate Subject

--10.2 Sentence Writing: Inanimate Subject

-10.3 Essay Writing: A Drawing Opening

--10.3 Essay Writing: A Drawing Opening

-10.4 Critical Thinking: Humanity Vs Nature

--10.4 Critical Thinking: Humanity Vs Nature

--10.4 Discussion

-10.5 Chinese Classical Garden

--10.5 Chinese Classical Garden

--10.5 Discussion

-Test 10

11 A CAMPUS OF READERS

-11.0 Introduction: Reading habits

--11.0 Introduction: Reading habits

--11.0 Discussion

-11.1 Lexical Chunks for Favorite Readings

--11.1 Lexical Chunks for Favorite Readings

-11.2 Sentence Patterns for Sharing Reading Experience

--11.2 Sentence Patterns for Sharing Reading Experience

-11.3 From Assumption to Opinion in Essay Writing

--11.3 From Assumption to Opinion in Essay Writing

-11.4 Appreciation of “On Studies” by Francis Bacon

--11.4 Appreciation of “On Studies” by Francis Bacon

-11.5 Four Treasures of the Study

--11.5 Four Treasures of the Study

--11.5 Discussion

-Test 11

12 ALL TALK

-12.1 Lexical Chunks for Paraphrasing Advantages & Disadvantages

--12.1 Lexical Chunks for Paraphrasing Advantages & Disadvantages

-12.2 Sentence Patterns for Agreement & Disagreement

--12.2 Sentence Patterns for Agreement & Disagreement

-12.3 Presenting Different Ideas in Essay Writing

--12.3 Presenting Different Ideas in Essay Writing

-12.4 Debating: Lingua Franca--Beneficial or Detrimental?

--12.4 Debating: Lingua Franca--Beneficial or Detrimental?

--12.4 Discussion

-12.5 Chinese Antithetical Couplets

--12.5 Chinese Antithetical Couplets

--12.5 Discussion

-Test 12

13 THE SPIRIT OF COMPETITION

-13.0 Introduction: Unforgettable Events

--13.0 Introduction: Unforgettable Events

-13.1 Lexical Learning by Analyzing Prefix and Suffix

--13.1 Lexical Learning by Analyzing Prefix and Suffix

-13.2 Sentence Patterns for Describing Unforgettable Events

--13.2 Sentence Patterns for Describing Unforgettable Events

--13.2 Discussion

-13.3 Flashback in Story Writing

--13.3 Flashback When Writing a Story

-13.4 Interpreting Competitive Culture

--13.4 Interpreting Competitive Culture

-13.5 Chinese Weiqi

--13.5 Chinese Weiqi

--13.5 Discussion

-Test 13

14 FUN MATTERS

-14.1 How do you feel about extreme sports? List your reasons.

--14.1 Lexical Chunks for Extreme Sports

-14.2 How to Use Parallelism

--14.2 How to Use Parallelism

-14.3 How to Write a Concluding Paragraph

--14.3 How to Write a Concluding Paragraph

-14.4 Taking Risks

-14.5 Peking Opera

-Test 14

15 GENES AND PERSONALITY

-15.1 Lexical Chunks for the Relationship between Happiness and Happiness Genes

--15.1 Lexical Chunks for the Relationship between Happiness and Happiness Genes

-15.2 How to Expand the Basic Sentence with Participles and Participle Phrases

--15.2 How to Expand the Basic Sentence with Participles and Participle Phrases

-15.3 Comparison and Contrast

--15.3 Comparison and Contrast

-15.4 The Road to Happiness

--15.4 The Road to Happiness

--15.4 Discussion

-15.5 Chinese Taoism

--15.5 Chinese Taoism

--15.5 Discussion

-Test 15

16 DIFFERENCES IN COMMUNICATION

-16.1 Lexical Chunks for the Linguistic Difference between Men and Women

--16.1 Lexical Chunks for the Linguistic Difference between Men and Women

-16.2 How to Vary Sentences by Using Adverb Modifiers

--16.2 How to Vary Sentences by Using Adverb Modifiers

-16.3 How to Write an Introductory Paragraph

--16.3 How to Write an Introductory Paragraph

-16.4 How to Avoid Misunderstanding between Men and Women

--16.4 How to Avoid Misunderstanding between Men and Women

--16.4 Discussion

-16.5 Chinese Idioms

--16.5 Chinese Idioms

--16.5 Discussion

-Test 16

期末考试

-Final Test

7.3 Reading and Scaffolding Expository Texts在线视频

7.3 Reading and Scaffolding Expository Texts课程教案、知识点、字幕