14.2 How to Use Parallelism慕课视频播放-主题英语-MOOC慕课视频教程-柠檬大学

你能把下列句子翻译成英文吗？“他非常的年轻，出奇的英俊，对人格外的随和……”

这样的翻译代表着一种口语化倾向。

然而，如果我们把这些句子合成为一个有条理的句子，

并加上适当的副词，我们就可以这样说：

他非常的年轻, 出奇的英俊，对人格外的随和……

这句话就是小说《傲慢与偏见》中对彬格莱先生外表和人格的描述。

你认为它读起来是不是更容易、更明白?

我们可以在课文A中找到一些类似的表达。

例如，在第五段中:

每个肢体健全的人都想知道自己究竟能有多快、多强、多少耐力……

上述两句话有一个基本的相似之处

——都有成对的或一系列的单词出现，即平行结构或排比。

具体来说，我们将学习排比句，排比为什么如此广泛地被使用，

何时需要使用排比以及如何使用它。

首先，什么是排比？

在《李特-布朗英文写作手册》中，排比被定义为“两个或两个以上成分之间语法形式的相似性”。

以第一段另一个句子为例：

他祈求他的降落伞能朝大坝相反方向打幵，伞衣别折叠，

风镜随手可拿，疾风不会把他刮回到大坝。

在这个句子中，“that”一词的重复体现了排比句的结构。

我们在一些名著中也能找到大量的类似表达。

例如，从我所读过的许多书看来，

我相信那的确是非常普遍的一种通病，

人性特别容易趋向于这方面，

简直谁都不免因为自己具有了某种品质而自命不凡，不管这种特质是真实的，

还是想象出来的（《傲慢与偏见》）。

在这个句子中，“that”的重复出现也体现了排比的特征。

下面我们就来谈谈第二个问题。

为什么排比会被如此广泛地使用？

这是因为使用成对的或是一系列的单词、短语或句子

我们会得到相同的结构，从而使句子更加通俗易懂、简单明了。

让我们通过阅读第一段中的一个句子来学习排比效果：

他迅速收起降落伞，随后，他一声大喊，音量盖过了溪流声。

喊声惊动了仍坐在大坝上的人们，惊动了路过的司机和乘客，

甚至还惊动了盘旋在峡谷上空的雄鹰。

就像课文A的作者一样，一个杰出的演说家也倾向于运用排比，从而使得演讲更加通俗易懂。

所以，在一些著名政治家的演讲中我们可以发现很多典型的排比句。这其中包括丘吉尔的“我们将在海滩作战”、马丁·路德·金的

“我有一个梦想”以及奥巴马在复旦大学的演讲。

这样的例子随处可见：

我们所做的工作，我们所建立的繁荣，我们所保护的环境，我们所追求的安全，所有这些都是共同的。（奥巴马复旦大学演讲）

下面，让我们看第三点。

我们应该在什么时候使用排比？

首先，关联词“and，but，or，yet”一般是使用排比的提示词。

《寂静的春天》的作者用这样的句子描述了杀虫剂给人类和自然带来的伤害：

从蓝莓园漂浮的砷粉尘扩散到了毗邻的农场，弄脏了小溪，

荼毒了蜜蜂和奶牛，并且引发人类患病。

如范例所示，排比句的各个成分在结构上都相互对应，但是它们并不总是逐词对应。

在上一句中，单词“fatally”就是一个例证。

其次，有效的排比将帮助你用一个有条理的单句来表达相关的观点，

而无需使用几个句子，从而增加连贯性。

你能把下列两句合成一句吗?

“新程序运行平稳。它也很高效。”

是的，这句话可以修改为“新程序平稳、高效地运行”。

除此之外，我国一些研究者指出：

大学生，包括英语专业的学生在写作时有一个严重的问题——口语化倾向。

在某种程度上，这个问题可以通过排比的使用得到解决。

现在，我们来谈最后一点——如何写排比句。

排比的原则是形式应该反映意义：

既然复合结构的各个部分具有相同的功能和重要性，

那么它们应该有相同的语法形式。

排比强化和突出了复合的句子成分之间的密切关系。

假如今天的主题是垃圾食品，我们可以用并列的词、短语和从句来表达相同的意思。

我们可以说:

垃圾食品可能会导致糖尿病，心脏病和肥胖。

或者垃圾食品可能会导致你患糖尿病，心脏病，以及体重增加。

或者如果你吃垃圾食品，你可能患糖尿病，你可能得心脏病，你还可能增加体重。

既然排比可以使你的句子更加流畅和清晰，为什么不试一试呢?

主题英语课程列表：

01 COLLEGE LIFE

-1.1 Lexical Chunks Expressing Aims

--1.1 Lexical Chunks Expressing Aims

--1.1 Discussion

-1.2 Sentence Patterns for Research

--1.2 Sentence Patterns for Research

-1.3 An Introduction to Essay Writing

--1.3 An Introduction to Essay Writing

-1.4 An Introduction to MOOCs

--1.4 An Introduction to MOOCs

-1.5 Chinese Dragons

--1.5 Chinese Dragons

--1.5 Discussion

-Test 01

02 A WORLD OF FAST FOOD

-2.1 Lexical Chunks for Dish, Flavor and Cookware

--2.1 Lexical Chunks for Dish, Flavor and Cookware

--2.1 Discussion

-2.2 Sentence Patterns for Describing Problems

--2.2 Sentence Patterns for Describing Problems

--2.2 Discussion

-2.3 Four Bases for Revising Essays (1): Unity and Support

--2.3 Four Bases for Revising Essays (1): Unity and Support

-2.4 The 8 Great Cuisines of China

--2.4 The 8 Great Cuisines of China

-2.5 Chinese Dumplings

--2.5 Chinese Dumplings

-Test 02

03 HEALTHY HABITS

-3.1 Lexical Chunks for Mental Health

--3.1 Lexical Chunks for Mental Health

--3.1 Discussion

-3.2 Three Most Common Types of Sentence-skills Errors in Writing

--3.2 Three Most Common Types of Sentence-skills Errors in Writing

-3.3 Point and Support in Essay Writing

--3.3 Point and Support in Essay Writing

-3.4 The Relationship Between Health and Stress

--3.4 The Relationship Between Health and Stress

-3.5 Acupuncture and Other TCM Therapies

--3.5 Acupuncture and Other TCM Therapies

--3.5 Discussion

-Test 03

04 PERSONAL HEROES

-4.1 Lexical Chunks for Giving Opinions

--4.1 Lexical Chunks for Giving Opinions

--4.1 Discussion

-4.2 Dependent-Word Fragments

--4.2 Dependent-Word Fragments

-4.3 Four Bases for Revising Essays (2): Coherence and Sentence Skills

--4.3 Four Bases for Revising Essays (2): Coherence and Sentence Skills

-4.4 Creative Problem Solving

--4.4 Creative Problem Solving

-4.5 Chinese Kung Fu

--4.5 Chinese Kung Fu

--4.5 Discussion

-Test 04

05 BILINGUAL EDUCATION

-5.0 Introduction: Bilingual Education

--5.0 Introduction: Bilingual Education

--5.0 Discussion

-5.1 Prefixes Related to Numbers

--5.1 Lexical Learning by Introducing Prefixes Related to Numbers

-5.2 Sentence Patterns for Giving Definitions

--5.2 Sentence Patterns for Giving Definitions

-5.3 How to Give Definitions in Essay Writing

--5.3 How to Give Definitions in Essay Writing

-5.4 The Importance of Language Learning

--5.4 The Importance of Language Learning

--5.4 Discussion

-5.5 Chinese Characters

--5.5 Chinese Characters

-Test 05

06 LOVE AND MARRIAGE

-6.0 Introduction: Love and Marriage

--6.0 Introduction: Love and Marriage

-6.1 Lexical Chunks: Cultural Words Related to Chinese Weddings

--6.1 Lexical Chunks: Cultural Words Related to Chinese Weddings

-6.2 Sentence Pattern: Should Passive Voice be Encouraged in Writing?

--6.2 Sentence Pattern: Should Passive Voice be Encouraged in Writing?

-6.3 How to Write a Supported Opinion Paragraph?

--6.3 How to Write a Supported Opinion Paragraph?

-6.4 Which is Your Idea of Marriage, Love-oriented or Money-oriented?

--6.4 Which is Your Idea of Marriage, Love-oriented or Money-oriented?

--6.4 Discussion

-6.5 Chinese Chopsticks

--6.5 Chinese Chopsticks

--6.5 Discussion

-Test 06

07 MONEY MATTERS

-7.0 Introduction: Budget

--7.0 Introduction: Budget

-7.1 Lexical Chunks: The Key Word “Deposit”

--7.1 Lexical Chunks: The Key Word “Deposit”

--7.1 Discussion

-7.2 Sentence Patterns on Expressing Purposes

--7.2 Sentence Patterns on How to Express Purposes

-7.3 Zooming in Expository Texts

--7.3 Reading and Scaffolding Expository Texts

-7.4 Spend Less? Earn More? Which Is the Better Path?

--7.4 Spend Less? Earn More? Which Is the Better Path?

-7.5 Chinese Seal

--7.5 Chinese Seal

--7.5 Discussion

-Test 07

08 SPACE IS THE PLACE

-8.1 Lexical Chunks for Space Exploration

--8.1 Lexical Chunks for Space Exploration

--8.1 Discussion

-8.2 Sentence Pattern: There be

--8.2 Sentence Pattern: There be

-8.3 Superordinate and Subordinate in Writing

--8.3 Superordinate and Subordinate in Writing

-8.4 Critical Thinking: Why Do We Explore Space?

--8.4 Critical Thinking: Why Do We Explore Space?

-8.5 Chinese Era

--8.5 Chinese Era

--8.5 Discussion

-Test 08

09 POPULATION AND IMMIGRATION

-9.1 Lexical Chunks for Immigration

--9.1 Lexical Chunks for Immigration

-9.2 Sentence Logic: Negation

--9.2 Sentence Logic: Negation

-9.3 Exemplification in Writing

--9.3 Exemplification in Writing

-9.4 Critical Thinking: Pros and Cons of Multiculturalism

--9.4 Critical Thinking: Pros and Cons of Multiculturalism

--9.4 Discussion

-9.5 Chinese Silk

--9.5 Chinese Silk

--9.5 Discussion

-Test 09

10 DISASTERS

-10.1 Lexical Chunks for Disasters

--10.1 Lexical Chunks for Disasters

-10.2 Sentence Writing: Inanimate Subject

--10.2 Sentence Writing: Inanimate Subject

-10.3 Essay Writing: A Drawing Opening

--10.3 Essay Writing: A Drawing Opening

-10.4 Critical Thinking: Humanity Vs Nature

--10.4 Critical Thinking: Humanity Vs Nature

--10.4 Discussion

-10.5 Chinese Classical Garden

--10.5 Chinese Classical Garden

--10.5 Discussion

-Test 10

11 A CAMPUS OF READERS

-11.0 Introduction: Reading habits

--11.0 Introduction: Reading habits

--11.0 Discussion

-11.1 Lexical Chunks for Favorite Readings

--11.1 Lexical Chunks for Favorite Readings

-11.2 Sentence Patterns for Sharing Reading Experience

--11.2 Sentence Patterns for Sharing Reading Experience

-11.3 From Assumption to Opinion in Essay Writing

--11.3 From Assumption to Opinion in Essay Writing

-11.4 Appreciation of “On Studies” by Francis Bacon

--11.4 Appreciation of “On Studies” by Francis Bacon

-11.5 Four Treasures of the Study

--11.5 Four Treasures of the Study

--11.5 Discussion

-Test 11

12 ALL TALK

-12.1 Lexical Chunks for Paraphrasing Advantages & Disadvantages

--12.1 Lexical Chunks for Paraphrasing Advantages & Disadvantages

-12.2 Sentence Patterns for Agreement & Disagreement

--12.2 Sentence Patterns for Agreement & Disagreement

-12.3 Presenting Different Ideas in Essay Writing

--12.3 Presenting Different Ideas in Essay Writing

-12.4 Debating: Lingua Franca--Beneficial or Detrimental?

--12.4 Debating: Lingua Franca--Beneficial or Detrimental?

--12.4 Discussion

-12.5 Chinese Antithetical Couplets

--12.5 Chinese Antithetical Couplets

--12.5 Discussion

-Test 12

13 THE SPIRIT OF COMPETITION

-13.0 Introduction: Unforgettable Events

--13.0 Introduction: Unforgettable Events

-13.1 Lexical Learning by Analyzing Prefix and Suffix

--13.1 Lexical Learning by Analyzing Prefix and Suffix

-13.2 Sentence Patterns for Describing Unforgettable Events

--13.2 Sentence Patterns for Describing Unforgettable Events

--13.2 Discussion

-13.3 Flashback in Story Writing

--13.3 Flashback When Writing a Story

-13.4 Interpreting Competitive Culture

--13.4 Interpreting Competitive Culture

-13.5 Chinese Weiqi

--13.5 Chinese Weiqi

--13.5 Discussion

-Test 13

14 FUN MATTERS

-14.1 How do you feel about extreme sports? List your reasons.

--14.1 Lexical Chunks for Extreme Sports

-14.2 How to Use Parallelism

--14.2 How to Use Parallelism

-14.3 How to Write a Concluding Paragraph

--14.3 How to Write a Concluding Paragraph

-14.4 Taking Risks

-14.5 Peking Opera

-Test 14

15 GENES AND PERSONALITY

-15.1 Lexical Chunks for the Relationship between Happiness and Happiness Genes

--15.1 Lexical Chunks for the Relationship between Happiness and Happiness Genes

-15.2 How to Expand the Basic Sentence with Participles and Participle Phrases

--15.2 How to Expand the Basic Sentence with Participles and Participle Phrases

-15.3 Comparison and Contrast

--15.3 Comparison and Contrast

-15.4 The Road to Happiness

--15.4 The Road to Happiness

--15.4 Discussion

-15.5 Chinese Taoism

--15.5 Chinese Taoism

--15.5 Discussion

-Test 15

16 DIFFERENCES IN COMMUNICATION

-16.1 Lexical Chunks for the Linguistic Difference between Men and Women

--16.1 Lexical Chunks for the Linguistic Difference between Men and Women

-16.2 How to Vary Sentences by Using Adverb Modifiers

--16.2 How to Vary Sentences by Using Adverb Modifiers

-16.3 How to Write an Introductory Paragraph

--16.3 How to Write an Introductory Paragraph

-16.4 How to Avoid Misunderstanding between Men and Women

--16.4 How to Avoid Misunderstanding between Men and Women

--16.4 Discussion

-16.5 Chinese Idioms

--16.5 Chinese Idioms

--16.5 Discussion

-Test 16

期末考试

-Final Test

14.2 How to Use Parallelism在线视频

14.2 How to Use Parallelism课程教案、知识点、字幕