当前课程知识点：主题英语 > 13 THE SPIRIT OF COMPETITION > 13.1 Lexical Learning by Analyzing Prefix and Suffix > 13.1 Lexical Learning by Analyzing Prefix and Suffix
这一小节先来分享几个主题词汇。
请翻译一下下面这句话。
听好了。
你认为容易吗？
当然不容易。
因为有好几个你不认识的新词。
那我们就从这几个新词开始吧
英语单词记起来很困难，
但是有了词干词缀的帮助，
事情就容易多了
我们先从一个容易的词开始，“competition”。
在这个词中，字根"-peti-"意思是"争取", "追寻", or "攻击"
前缀"com-"表示“共同”
后缀"-tion"只是名词符号。
因此，"competition"的意思是“共同奋斗”，“共同攻击”
这跟我们以往知道的意思不太一样。
我们会在本单元最后一个小结看到这种竞争的精神。
如果我们去掉名词后缀"-tion"，就得到了动词形式"compete"，
如果我们给动词"compete"加上另一个后缀"-tive"，就有了"competitive"。
这个词是形容词。
如果我们再加另一个表示人的后缀"-or"，我们就有了另一个词“competitor”。
但是，加不同的后缀"-tion" and "-tive"，单词的发音也会不同。
怎么区别两种不同的发音呢？
看看这些例子。
加后缀"-tion"，那么倒数第二个音节重读。
例如，‘fiction, com-‘mission, compe-‘tition。
明白了吗？
但是后缀"-tive"，就应该第二个音节重读，如，
在这句话中，“stressful”意思是“导致许多焦虑和担心的”。
其中后缀“-ful”意思是“满是，充满”。
因此"stressful"也表示“充满压力的，压力大的”
所以我们可以说“充满压力的生活方式，
压力大的工作，让人有压力的事件，压力大的情况”。
看看这一个句子。
这对他来说是一个感情压力巨大的时间。
"dread"一词还可以用作及物动词，表示“害怕”。
例如，他不善言辞又相当地害羞，一直害怕在公共场合讲话。
我们可以给"dread"加上两个后缀。
例如，"-ed" and "-ful"
"dreaded"的意思是“可怕的，
令人烦恼的，不方便的，不喜欢的”。
可怕的疾病，“ the dreaded moment”可怕的时刻。
"dreadful"意思是“非常糟糕，令人不快的，质量很差的”。
事实上，"dread"这个词还可以做形容词，
有"dreaded" and "dreadful"两个意思。
我再来举个例子。
那么"excel"什么意思？
先看看熟悉的单词"excellent"。
You know "-ent" is the form for adjective,形容词后缀。
“-cel" is the stem. cel是字根，是拉丁字根，
means "rise high" 升得很高，比其他的高。
"ex-" means "out" 高出来, so excellent 优越的。
"excel"是动词形式。
我们再来看看以"ex-"前缀出现的其他单词。
＂expect＂, "pect" means 看,
expect朝外看，是不是呆在门框边向外看有期待。
“expose”姿态摆给外面来看，敞出来看,
expose means揭露。
“extend”, “-tend"字根,“伸展”，
"伸" stretch, so "ex-"向外伸，伸展，延伸。
“express”,"-press"压。"ex-"压出去，把心里的东西压出去，express表达。
“exhibit", "-hibit" 意思是hold住，拿出来hold住，
so it means "show"展览。
明白了吗？
"excel"还可以用作不及物动词，
就是说使用时后面要接介词。
意思是“擅长做某事”。
在某方面出类拔萃。
如果你的天赋与勤奋能结合起来，你所追求的事也就一定会出类拔萃。
如果在一场竞赛中，某些参赛选手被打败了
就不能再参加竞赛了
我们就说他们被“eliminated”。
那么你认识“eliminate”这个单词吗？
如果你觉得难，跟着我做。
The stem here is "-limin-",拉丁语的词根。
意思是“threshold”。
You know "threshold"? 门槛。
Next "e-"前缀，means "out or off". 门槛之外。
“-ate" is the suffix, 后缀的-ate是动词后缀,
“使，使...到门槛外面去”，意思就是“在竞争的时候被淘汰，甩出门去，被淘汰”。
当用于这个意思时，“eliminate”常用在被动语态中。
在什么比赛当中被从哪里淘汰了。
在四百米的半决赛当中就被淘汰了。
Such as eliminate corruption消除腐败,
eliminate poverty 消除贫穷，
eliminate a suspect from investigation 排除一名嫌疑犯。
When eliminate means kill杀掉除去，
这个不是指随便杀或除去的，专指的是你的竞争对手或敌人。
所以这样看起来，eliminate显得更加的正面一些。
这场运动除掉了一千多名反动分子。
最后，我们复习一下这五个词。
"competition",还记得这个词吗？
不是竞争是共同努力去争取。
"stressful"意思是“充满压力，导致焦虑和担心的”。
"dreaded"呢？是形容词，后面跟名词。
"dread"是及物动词，意思是“使害怕”。
"excel"意思是“在某方面很好或者比某人好”
"eliminate"意思是“击败，淘汰”
现在你可以翻译这句话了吗？
希望你做得到。
他擅长英语单词听写，
但是在进入拼写大赛半决赛以后，
在可怕的紧张气氛下他被淘汰了。
现在你能不能造一个句子，只一个句子，
用到今天学的这些单词？
试试吧
要知道,熟能生巧哦。
-1.1 Lexical Chunks Expressing Aims
--1.1 Lexical Chunks Expressing Aims
-1.2 Sentence Patterns for Research
--1.2 Sentence Patterns for Research
-1.3 An Introduction to Essay Writing
--1.3 An Introduction to Essay Writing
-1.4 An Introduction to MOOCs
--1.4 An Introduction to MOOCs
-1.5 Chinese Dragons
-Test 01
-2.1 Lexical Chunks for Dish, Flavor and Cookware
--2.1 Lexical Chunks for Dish, Flavor and Cookware
-2.2 Sentence Patterns for Describing Problems
--2.2 Sentence Patterns for Describing Problems
-2.3 Four Bases for Revising Essays (1): Unity and Support
--2.3 Four Bases for Revising Essays (1): Unity and Support
-2.4 The 8 Great Cuisines of China
--2.4 The 8 Great Cuisines of China
-2.5 Chinese Dumplings
-Test 02
-3.1 Lexical Chunks for Mental Health
--3.1 Lexical Chunks for Mental Health
-3.2 Three Most Common Types of Sentence-skills Errors in Writing
--3.2 Three Most Common Types of Sentence-skills Errors in Writing
-3.3 Point and Support in Essay Writing
--3.3 Point and Support in Essay Writing
-3.4 The Relationship Between Health and Stress
--3.4 The Relationship Between Health and Stress
-3.5 Acupuncture and Other TCM Therapies
--3.5 Acupuncture and Other TCM Therapies
-Test 03
-4.1 Lexical Chunks for Giving Opinions
--4.1 Lexical Chunks for Giving Opinions
-4.2 Dependent-Word Fragments
--4.2 Dependent-Word Fragments
-4.3 Four Bases for Revising Essays (2): Coherence and Sentence Skills
--4.3 Four Bases for Revising Essays (2): Coherence and Sentence Skills
-4.4 Creative Problem Solving
--4.4 Creative Problem Solving
-4.5 Chinese Kung Fu
-Test 04
-5.0 Introduction: Bilingual Education
--5.0 Introduction: Bilingual Education
-5.1 Prefixes Related to Numbers
--5.1 Lexical Learning by Introducing Prefixes Related to Numbers
-5.2 Sentence Patterns for Giving Definitions
--5.2 Sentence Patterns for Giving Definitions
-5.3 How to Give Definitions in Essay Writing
--5.3 How to Give Definitions in Essay Writing
-5.4 The Importance of Language Learning
--5.4 The Importance of Language Learning
-5.5 Chinese Characters
-Test 05
-6.0 Introduction: Love and Marriage
--6.0 Introduction: Love and Marriage
-6.1 Lexical Chunks: Cultural Words Related to Chinese Weddings
--6.1 Lexical Chunks: Cultural Words Related to Chinese Weddings
-6.2 Sentence Pattern: Should Passive Voice be Encouraged in Writing?
--6.2 Sentence Pattern: Should Passive Voice be Encouraged in Writing?
-6.3 How to Write a Supported Opinion Paragraph?
--6.3 How to Write a Supported Opinion Paragraph?
-6.4 Which is Your Idea of Marriage, Love-oriented or Money-oriented?
--6.4 Which is Your Idea of Marriage, Love-oriented or Money-oriented?
-6.5 Chinese Chopsticks
-Test 06
-7.0 Introduction: Budget
-7.1 Lexical Chunks: The Key Word “Deposit”
--7.1 Lexical Chunks: The Key Word “Deposit”
-7.2 Sentence Patterns on Expressing Purposes
--7.2 Sentence Patterns on How to Express Purposes
-7.3 Zooming in Expository Texts
--7.3 Reading and Scaffolding Expository Texts
-7.4 Spend Less? Earn More? Which Is the Better Path?
--7.4 Spend Less? Earn More? Which Is the Better Path?
-7.5 Chinese Seal
-Test 07
-8.1 Lexical Chunks for Space Exploration
--8.1 Lexical Chunks for Space Exploration
-8.2 Sentence Pattern: There be
--8.2 Sentence Pattern: There be
-8.3 Superordinate and Subordinate in Writing
--8.3 Superordinate and Subordinate in Writing
-8.4 Critical Thinking: Why Do We Explore Space?
--8.4 Critical Thinking: Why Do We Explore Space?
-8.5 Chinese Era
-Test 08
-9.1 Lexical Chunks for Immigration
--9.1 Lexical Chunks for Immigration
-9.2 Sentence Logic: Negation
--9.2 Sentence Logic: Negation
-9.3 Exemplification in Writing
--9.3 Exemplification in Writing
-9.4 Critical Thinking: Pros and Cons of Multiculturalism
--9.4 Critical Thinking: Pros and Cons of Multiculturalism
-9.5 Chinese Silk
-Test 09
-10.1 Lexical Chunks for Disasters
--10.1 Lexical Chunks for Disasters
-10.2 Sentence Writing: Inanimate Subject
--10.2 Sentence Writing: Inanimate Subject
-10.3 Essay Writing: A Drawing Opening
--10.3 Essay Writing: A Drawing Opening
-10.4 Critical Thinking: Humanity Vs Nature
--10.4 Critical Thinking: Humanity Vs Nature
-10.5 Chinese Classical Garden
--10.5 Chinese Classical Garden
-Test 10
-11.0 Introduction: Reading habits
--11.0 Introduction: Reading habits
-11.1 Lexical Chunks for Favorite Readings
--11.1 Lexical Chunks for Favorite Readings
-11.2 Sentence Patterns for Sharing Reading Experience
--11.2 Sentence Patterns for Sharing Reading Experience
-11.3 From Assumption to Opinion in Essay Writing
--11.3 From Assumption to Opinion in Essay Writing
-11.4 Appreciation of “On Studies” by Francis Bacon
--11.4 Appreciation of “On Studies” by Francis Bacon
-11.5 Four Treasures of the Study
--11.5 Four Treasures of the Study
-Test 11
-12.1 Lexical Chunks for Paraphrasing Advantages & Disadvantages
--12.1 Lexical Chunks for Paraphrasing Advantages & Disadvantages
-12.2 Sentence Patterns for Agreement & Disagreement
--12.2 Sentence Patterns for Agreement & Disagreement
-12.3 Presenting Different Ideas in Essay Writing
--12.3 Presenting Different Ideas in Essay Writing
-12.4 Debating: Lingua Franca--Beneficial or Detrimental?
--12.4 Debating: Lingua Franca--Beneficial or Detrimental?
-12.5 Chinese Antithetical Couplets
--12.5 Chinese Antithetical Couplets
-Test 12
-13.0 Introduction: Unforgettable Events
--13.0 Introduction: Unforgettable Events
-13.1 Lexical Learning by Analyzing Prefix and Suffix
--13.1 Lexical Learning by Analyzing Prefix and Suffix
-13.2 Sentence Patterns for Describing Unforgettable Events
--13.2 Sentence Patterns for Describing Unforgettable Events
-13.3 Flashback in Story Writing
--13.3 Flashback When Writing a Story
-13.4 Interpreting Competitive Culture
--13.4 Interpreting Competitive Culture
-13.5 Chinese Weiqi
-Test 13
-14.1 How do you feel about extreme sports? List your reasons.
--14.1 Lexical Chunks for Extreme Sports
-14.2 How to Use Parallelism
-14.3 How to Write a Concluding Paragraph
--14.3 How to Write a Concluding Paragraph
-14.4 Taking Risks
-14.5 Peking Opera
-Test 14
-15.1 Lexical Chunks for the Relationship between Happiness and Happiness Genes
--15.1 Lexical Chunks for the Relationship between Happiness and Happiness Genes
-15.2 How to Expand the Basic Sentence with Participles and Participle Phrases
--15.2 How to Expand the Basic Sentence with Participles and Participle Phrases
-15.3 Comparison and Contrast
--15.3 Comparison and Contrast
-15.4 The Road to Happiness
-15.5 Chinese Taoism
-Test 15
-16.1 Lexical Chunks for the Linguistic Difference between Men and Women
--16.1 Lexical Chunks for the Linguistic Difference between Men and Women
-16.2 How to Vary Sentences by Using Adverb Modifiers
--16.2 How to Vary Sentences by Using Adverb Modifiers
-16.3 How to Write an Introductory Paragraph
--16.3 How to Write an Introductory Paragraph
-16.4 How to Avoid Misunderstanding between Men and Women
--16.4 How to Avoid Misunderstanding between Men and Women
-16.5 Chinese Idioms
-Test 16
-Final Test
