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同学们好
Hello fellows

这节课我们讲笔墨
In this lesson, we’ll talk about brush and ink

在讲笔墨这节课当中
In this course of brush and ink

我们要介绍一下笔墨概念
We are going to introduce the idea of brush and ink

笔墨材料
this material

和笔墨运用的方法
and the method of using these material

那么我先介绍笔墨的概念
Then let’s start from introducing of the concept of brush and ink

那么笔墨的一般概念
So the general concept of brush and ink

是中国画技法的总称
is the general name of Chinese painting techniques

包括笔法墨法
which includes brush-ink method

笔墨组合的法则
and the rule of brush and ink combination

它不单有造型功能
It has function of forming

也有自身的审美价值
and also its own aesthetic value

和文化价值上的内涵
and the connotation of cultural values

它外在的物质性
its external materiality

和内在的精神性
and inner spirituality

共同构成了笔墨的
formed the entire concept of brush and ink together

基本内容和含义
it’s basic content and meaning

这是笔墨的一般概念
This is the general concept of ink and brush

那么笔墨的材料
This material

这是一个中国画
is and very special

比较特殊的
in Chinese painting

这个呈现笔墨形式的一些工具
This material also as the form of brush and ink technique

这些工具首先以毛笔为特色的
These tools first feature is the brush

毛笔大概分三种
Which is roughly divided into three types

狼毫是比较硬朗的
The wolf feather is a more tough one

这么一个笔锋
as a brush

那么以羊毫做成笔的
If it was made by the sheep feather

这个是比较柔软的
would be a soft one

而且含水量比较大
and could contain relatively more water

那么还有一种叫做兼毫
Then there is another kind called

兼毫是里头是这个狼毫
“Jian Hao” which contained both two different feathers

外边是羊毫
the out side is sheep feather

这样它可以那个综合
so it can be more comprehensive

狼毫和羊毫的特性
of both characteristics of wolf and sheep feathers

当然现在中国画的这个笔
Of course, contemporary brushs of Chinese painting now

各种毫都有
got all mixed up feathers

但是基本上是三种特性
but basically this three type of characters

柔软 坚硬和兼毫
the soft, the tough and the mixed one

介绍完笔以后呢
after we introduced the brush

我们要介绍这个墨
we gonna take a look at ink

中国画的墨非常讲究
the ink of Chinese painting is very particular concerned

这个墨块分油烟和松烟
it is divided into “Youyan” and “Songyan”

它是在砚台上研磨
It is use as ground on the ink platform

那个研磨出墨汁色泽很鲜亮
The ink that is ground out from platform is very bright

而且它这个变化非常丰富
and very rich in change

研磨一般情况下
under normal conditions

需要一小时或一个半小时
it need one or one and a half hours to grind

这个墨当天使用叫鲜墨
This ink is called fresh ink on the day if we use.

叫活墨
or the live ink

当天之后是宿墨
after the day will be called “Sumo”

一会儿我们要利用宿墨
After a moment, we’ll work with “Sumo”

和这个活墨
and the live ink

在呈现笔墨的时候
When presenting the ink

它会发生很大的变化
it will change a lot

这个是笔架
Here is the brush holder

它是放毛笔用的
it’s for holding the brushes

我们一般那个笔
Normally, we don’t put brushes

不是这么平放在桌子上
directly on flat table

都是放在笔架上
we put them on brush holder

或者是挂在这个笔架上
or hanging there

除了这个笔和墨
Beside this brush and ink

最主要的材料以外
and the main materials

我们还有纸
we also have papers

这个纸不是一般的白纸
but this paper is not normal paper

这个纸是宣纸
it’s called the “Xuan” paper

宣纸分熟宣和生宣
Xuan paper is also divide with “Shu” and “Sheng” paper

我们画水墨的山水需要生宣
What we most use in landscape painting is the “Sheng”paper

生宣里还分这个净皮和棉料
Sheng paper also divides into “Jingpi” and “Mianliao”

我们在作画的时候
While we make paintings

一般都是用净皮
Usually we use Jingpi paper

这个是水滴
Here is the water drop

我们这个水滴无论是调颜色
which is used for color mix and

和我们要研墨汁
grind ink

都是靠水滴这个下注的水
it all need to work with this water drop

水流来呈现的
to accomplish

另外还有一个比较重要的
There is another very important one

就是这个调墨盘
the ink tray

这个墨盘
This ink tray

这个底一定要是平的
it has to be a flat bottom

我们是要调墨用的
we are going to use it to mix ink and water

能调出这个浓淡墨的变化
to achieve different blackness

在盘上能看到
which would be easier to see on plate

然后这个稍微大一点为好
it’ll be batter to be bigger

调墨盘下面有一个测水的纸
There is a water measuring paper under the ink tray

这个纸也是宣纸
and it’s also rice paper

它是为了测水用的
for water measurement

那么还得介绍一个
The next is

这个中国画重要的工具
an important tool in Chinese painting

我们每张画画完以后
after each painting

还要有个印章
There must be a seal

这个印章很多鸡血田黄
This seal is called “Tianhuang” with a lot of “chicken blood”

里头是中国认为就是
Inside is what Chinese called

那是像宝石一类的
kind like gem

非常昂贵的那些石头
and other expensive stones

都是我们印章的原材料
Are the raw materials of our seals

这个是寿山石
This one is the “Shoushan” stone

这个刻上你的名章和闲章
for name and casual words?

扣在你这个完成的画作上
Buckle on the finished paintings

这个画才能最后的完成
Then the painting is finally finished

然后扣这个印章还有一种工具
There is another accessories for seals

这个工具是胶垫
which is rubber pad

这个胶垫
this pad

放在你做完画的某一个角落
Place it somewhere in a corner near your painting

然后拿上印章 这是印泥
Here is the seal, here is seal paint

这个印泥分多少种
How many kinds of this ink?

这是朱红 朱磦印泥
This one is “Zhu” red and “Zhubiao” red

也有大红的 朱砂印泥
and also the “Da” red and “Zhusha”(cinnabar) red

还有仿旧印泥
there are also distressed seal paint

我们打上印泥
we take seal paint with seals

打上印泥以后
after we take seal paint

然后盖在我们画完的画角上
Then cover the corner of our painting

和某一个部位上
or an certain place

这张画就算结束了
then this painting is done

每次（盖完）这个印章以后
After each (covering) this seal

需要擦拭
it needs to wipe

把上面这个多余的印泥
wipe out the extra paint

给它擦净
and clean it out

再放回印泥盒里
then put it back in seal box

我再介绍一个笔洗
Let me introduce this brush washer

是盛白水的
it’s for clean water

这个主要的功能
It’s main function

它不是为了涮笔用的
is not for clean brush

它是蘸清水
but for add clean water

蘸清水我们要调出墨色来
with adding clean water we able to generate different ink darkness

蘸清水
add clean water

然后在墨盘里要调
then mix in ink tray

调到什么程度呢
until when?

调到笔尖到笔的根部
until ink is well mixed from the brush tip to the brush buttom

有渐次的墨色
with different gradual

这是我们这个墨色变化的
this is what we need: the change of ink

最重要的一个环节
which is one of the most part

不懂这个环节
Without understanding of this part

我们的墨色没法呈现
We not going to able to achieve ink change

然后我们调重墨
then when we need the dark ink

这个重墨里不能有水
it requires no water inside

我们再盘里调 调试
then mix them again on tray

调到什么程度
until when

调到一笔下去
until when place a stroke

从笔尖到笔的根部
From the tip to the bottom of brush

它有渐次的变化
with gradual change

然后我们把它这个
Then we take this stoke

这一笔墨用完
until ink run out

这个墨自然出来
This ink comes out naturally

同时还有一种方法
There is also a way

我们现在这个笔尖
the tip here

是比较重
is quite dark

那么我们入笔的时候
when we start the stoke

需要淡墨
it requires some light ink

那么可以蘸点清水
then we can add some clean water

所以说我们这个笔洗
that’s why we say keep water pot clean

这水不能脏
the water has to remain clean

那我们入笔它就比较淡
then the enter stoke will be quite light

然后越画这个越重
and then getting darker

如果入笔还需要淡
if you need even more light

再加清水
keep adding water

那么就是这样
so that’s it

然后越画越重
the more you paint the darker it turns out

就是一笔一笔的
with such stoke after stoke

我们的墨色就这么呈现
the appearance of ink stats to come out

画到这个程度
come to this point

笔已经干了 叫干笔
The brush is already dry, it called the dry brush

那么干笔
so the dry brush

干笔淡墨和擦拭用笔的时候
when we use dry brush with light ink and make stokes

都是用干笔
it always needs the dry brush

所以说我们的墨色
so we say the appearance of ink color

叫墨分五色
has five different type

浓 淡 干 湿 焦
Dark, light, dry, wet and burnt

这叫五色
this five type

这个墨分五色自然生动
then it’ll be naturally and vivid

在中国的唐代很多大家
In Tang Dynasty many masters

包括理论家
also including theorists

就已经把中国画的
have already concluded

颜色的变化
understanding of color in Chinese painting

纳入到墨的五种层次上
into five type of ink different appearance

浓 淡 干 湿 焦
Dark, light, dry, wet and burnt

那个焦就指咱们砚台里的
the burnt means when there is no water

没有注水的
in the ink stone

没有加清水的这个墨叫焦
it calls the burnt ink

这个焦的成分就是最重的
The burnt ink is the darkest ink

就是最重的
the darkest

那么目前在我的画面上
So now on our painting

已经呈现了
it already presented

干 湿 浓 淡 焦这五彩
Dark, light, dry, wet and burnt

这是讲的是墨色
this is so called the appearance of ink

这就是我们中国绘画的
this is our Chinese painting

基本工具
basic tools

有了这样的工具
with such tools

它才能呈现中国的笔墨形式
it can only present the form of ink in Chinese painting

这是非常重要的
which is very important