加热炉的制造与安装视频在线视频

大家好
Hello everyone,

欢迎再次回到我们的课堂
welcome back to the class.

的确
Yes,

你说对了
you are right,

这次课我们用英语教学
this class will be delivered in English.

大家知道
As you know ,

前面我们学习了许多压力容器制造的知识
you have learned a lot about

前面我们学习了许多压力容器制造的知识
the pressure vessels fabrication,

今天我们学点不一样的东西
and here we will talk something different,

加热炉
the heaters.

这次课是本门课程的最后一课
Yes.

这次课是本门课程的最后一课
and this is the last part of this course,

这次课是本门课程的最后一课
and of cause,

我想说这是这门课最重要的部分
I would say it is the most import part of the course.

因为人们都说
As people say

最后的都是压轴的
最后的都是压轴的

对吧
Right?

开个小小的玩笑
Ok, Kidding

这部分的知识会与前面讲的内容一样有趣
Any way,

这部分的知识会与前面讲的内容一样有趣
you may find it as interesting as the knowledge

我们开始吧
you have learned in this course before.

我们开始吧
Lets start .

今天我们学习一下工艺加热炉的基本概念及其设计
Today we will learn some general conception

今天我们学习一下工艺加热炉的基本概念及其设计
about process heaters and also its engineering, designing.

最重要的是
And most importantly,

我会尽量给大家介绍一下
I will try to explain

加热炉的制造和建造
how heaters are fabricated and constructed.

先事先为
So first thing first,

什么是工艺加热炉
what is a process heater?

工艺加热炉也是换热器
It is a heat exchanger,

是直接受火的换热器
direct fired heat exchanger.

核心部件是盘管
Its main part is tube coils.

通常也称作管式工艺加热炉
Usually we call it a tubular process heaters.

请看图
Look at the pictures,

炉子主要由炉墙 钢结构
it mainly consist of heater walls with structure

衬里及内置的盘管组成
and linings and coils in side.

加热炉有什么用途呢
What is the usage of the heaters?

它起初用于原油的蒸馏
It is first used in the distillation of crude oils

现在已经广泛应用于炼油和石油化工装置中
and now widely used in the oil refineries

现在已经广泛应用于炼油和石油化工装置中
and petrochemical plants.

在炼油厂和石化厂的静设备当中
Now among the static equipment in oil refineries

在炼油厂和石化厂的静设备当中
and petrochemical plants:

加热炉占比在15-35%之间
From 15 to 35 % are heaters.

处理工艺越复杂
The more complicated treatment process is ,

所需要的加热炉就越多
the more heaters are needed.

你可能挺好奇到底谁
You may get curious that

为什么
who had invented the process heaters

在什么时候要发明的加热炉
and for what and when?

故事很有趣
That is very interesting story.

有人说是诺贝尔和门捷列夫
Some say Nobel and Mendeleev in Baku in 1910-1911.

在1910-1911年间发明的地点在巴库
Some say Nobel and Mendeleev in Baku in 1910-1911.

也有人说是M,J. Trumble发明的
Some others say M,J. Trumble,

他在1915年还申请了专利
he had patent in 1915. i

并以一百万美元的价格卖给了壳牌公司
t was sold to Shell oil company for 1 million USD.

管式加热炉的最大优点是可以连续生产
The advantage of the tubular process heaters

管式加热炉的最大优点是可以连续生产
is the continuously production.

燃烧的方式和炉管的排列也在一直不断的演化
And the burning and coils arrangement

以避免堵管和盘管失效
are developing all the time to avoid stuck

以避免堵管和盘管失效
and failure of the coils.

那加热炉到底长啥样呢
So what a process heater looks like ?

和容器有明显不同
It is looks different from vessels apparently.

没有大的圆形封头
No round heads.

形状和尺寸也因为功能的不同而不同
Its shape and dimension different

形状和尺寸也因为功能的不同而不同
usually depending on its functions.

既有圆炉 也有方炉
We have round and square heaters.

有些炉仅仅起加热的目的
We have simple heating heaters,

比如蒸馏炉
to heat the oil to higher temperature only for later treatment,

把物料加热而已
such as distillation heaters.

当然也有反应炉
And also we have reacting heaters,

比如裂解炉 不仅要加热物料
not only to heat the feed to upper temperature

还要发生化学反应
but also to produce new products by reaction

生成新的产品
like ethylene crackers.

通常情况下 反应炉都是方炉
Usually, a reaction heater is box-like.

而单纯的加热炉
And a heater is vertical cylindrical

是立式圆筒炉
if it is only to heat the process oils

比方炉简单
or gases to a higher temperature.

比方炉简单
It is more simple than a Box-type heaters

方炉更适用于处理量大的工况
a box-type heater is more widely used

方炉更适用于处理量大的工况
for heavy load process treatment,

比如大型蒸馏炉和乙烯裂解炉
maga distillation furnaces and ethylene crackers。

我们往往是想要一个炉子来加热物料
So usually we know we need a heater

我们往往是想要一个炉子来加热物料
to heat the process media to some high temperature.

但不知道什么样的炉子才合用
But we don’t know what kind of heater suits our need best.

那谁知道或者说谁来确定炉子的类型和外观呢
Then who decide the type and appearance of a heater?

当然了
YES,

工程师
engineers!

他们怎么办
What they do?

他们进行设计
They design.

设计一台加热炉意味着什么呢
What does it mean by designing a heater?

设计包括
Designing work includes:

工艺设计与计算
Process design and calculation:

确定加热炉管的总面积及中间管板支撑
to decide the heating surface tubes

确定加热炉管的总面积及中间管板支撑
and intermediate tube supports.

结构设计
Structural design：

确定炉墙 柱子
to decide the panels columns and refractory linings,

耐火衬里 梯子平台等
platform and ladders, etc

仪表设计 仪表 阀门 热电偶
Instrument design for meters,

仪表设计 仪表 阀门 热电偶
valves and thermal couples,

及其他控制仪器等
and other controlling devices

再到三维建模和施工图设计
And 3D Modules and shop design.

是为了车间生产用的
to give to workshop for fabrications

好的
Ok,

以上就是设计的结果了
this is the result of designing.

到目前为止
Now from the drawings,

我们就从图纸上可以清晰的看出炉子的模样了
we can clearly see what the process heater looks like，

知道了工程师脑海重想象的炉子的模样
what the heater is supposed to be by the engineers

下面举个原油常压蒸馏炉的例子
This is an example of crude distillation heater.

炉子整体尺寸 长宽高各28mX16mX55 m
The overall dimension is 28X16X55 m,

总重1800吨
total weighs 1800tons.

是个大块头
Much much massive.

也比较复杂
And the structure is complicated.

炉子设计好了 就可以开始制造了
After design we can start the fabrication of a heater.

炉子的制造要有设计和图纸为前提
By this mean,

从这一点看
we say PV is the same as heater.

压力容器和加热炉是一样的
We all need designing and drawings before fabrication.

随着科技进步
The fabrication mood is changing all the time

加热炉的制造业态也在不断的变化
with development of technology.

从上世纪七十年代起
from the 1970s，

由原来将炉子材料散件供货到现场进行现场制造
from loose material construction at jobsite

转变成对流段管束在工厂进行预制
change to convection bundles at workshop

然后到对流段模块在工厂制造
And then convection modules at workshop，

接下来是对流段和辐射段模块的工厂制造
And then radiant modules convection modules

到现在是整炉的工厂模块化制造
And now complete heaters or even heater package

甚至是炉子套装制造包括燃烧器
including burners fans and valves everything

阀门等全部设备在工厂
installed modularized at workshop and work yard.

或者组装场地做好后在运往装置现场
installed modularized at workshop and work yard.

对于一台炉
Extent:

工厂的模块化制造重量比率可以达到85%
85% up to 100%.

直至100%
85% up to 100%.

模块化制造的优势如下
The advantage of the modularization is :

质量更优
Better quality

简化现场安装
Simplified job site erection.

至少85%的工程可以在车间完成
At least 85% are finished at workshop now.

当然也不要忘记检验和试验
Yes，

当然也不要忘记检验和试验
never forget inspection and testing.

只有质量过硬 炉子的安全性才有保障
quality good and then heater safe secured..

下面是一个对流模块的制造工序
This is a fabrication sequence for convection section.

从散件材料到对流段模块
From loose material to section module.

所有其他部分
All other parts,

辐射段
radiant section,

烟囱以及烟道
stack and flue ducts,

也如法在工厂制造
fabricated the same way at workshop.

下面举例说明对流段模块的制造
This is an example for fabrication of convection modules,

从炉墙板制造开始
From panel fabrication,

耐火衬里的施工到穿管焊接 组成模块
lining and tube inserting and welding to modules.

在工厂制造成模块后
After the heater sections

在工厂制造成模块后
fabricated into blocks or modules

就运到总装场地或者装置现场进行安装
and then moved to work yard

就运到总装场地或者装置现场进行安装
or jobsite for installation and erection.

为什么会有个总装场地或者装置现场安装
Why work yard or jobsite for installation?

也是因为超大尺寸或者超级重量
Too large dimension and/or huge weight.

在总装场地的安装顺序
At work yard, the sequence for erection：

这是一个典型的总装场地的组装顺序
This is a typical sequence for erection at work yard,

先进行基础的铺设
We place foundations first

先进行基础的铺设
and then we install radiant section ,

然后进行辐射段安装
then convection section,

对流段安装
stacks,

烟囱及梯子平台安装
and platform and ladders.

再后面其他部件的依次安装相对小的部件
And then all other parts to make it complete heater

组成一个炉子套装
or heater package.

这个是在海边的总装场地的最后的模块化组装
Final modularization at work yard near Seaport.

这是一台运往中东地区的加热炉
This is a heater for middle east.

安装和建造过程中的实物照片
Real pictures during installation and construction:

基础的 铺设 炉底 侧墙等等
Foundation preparation,

基础的 铺设 炉底 侧墙等等
floor,

基础的 铺设 炉底 侧墙等等
side panels,

基础的 铺设 炉底 侧墙等等
etc.

安装对流模块
The installation of Convection modules platforms,

平台梯子及其他所有部件
ladlers, and everything.

好的到此我们就把一台完整的
Till now we have successfully fabricated

加热炉制造完成了
and constructed a complete heater.

现在我们可以把所有的脚手架和临时设施拆掉
Now let’s remove all scaffolds

并对炉子进行全面清洁清理
and temporary devices and clean it all.

炉子像一个待嫁的新娘一样漂亮
It is beautiful bride for delivery.

炉子装运
Now we are shipping the heaters to jobsite,

准备发往千里之外的炉子现场
some even thousands of miles away.

加热炉到了装置现场后
Here Heaters is arriving at jobsite

安装在事先铺设好的炉子的永久基础之上
and settle down on the foundations ready made

安装在事先铺设好的炉子的永久基础之上
before the bride arrives.

炉子的基础是根据炉子
The foundation is made according the heaters dimension

在工厂总装时的尺寸量身定做的
measured at the beginning of the heaters from work yard.

所以炉子基础正合炉子尺寸
So you may say the foundation is tailored well

所以炉子基础正合炉子尺寸
and suit to the heater exactly.

炉子到达装置现场这里也是它们永久的家
The heaters are warmly greeted

总是受到隆重欢迎
always by their permanent home.

炉子新娘不会再回头了
These brides will never come back again

它们会在那里生产出优质的产品
and but they will produce goods there.

我们为此感到自豪
So we are very proud of the heaters.

好吧总结一下
Ok. Lets wrap up for today,

我们学到了什么是加热炉
we learned what is a heater and how it is fabricated.

以及加热炉的制造
we learned what is a heater and how it is fabricated.

加热炉是一种特殊的换热器
Heaters are special heat exachagners,

是直接受火的换热器
they are directed fired heat exchangers

加热炉可以像其他常规换热器和压力容器一样
and can be fabricated at wrokshop

在工厂制造完成
just like other conventional heat exchangers

在工厂制造完成
and pressure vessels.

但加热炉一般都比常规换热器块头大
But the heaters are usually much much bigger

许多而且重好多
and heavier than conventional heat exchangers.

今天就讲到这里了
This is all for today,

感谢聆听
thank you for attending to the class

祝福各位
and have a nice day.