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Rubens and the Baroque Art课程教案、知识点、字幕

我们现在进入欧洲的十七世纪

这个世纪的主要特征是

理性启蒙运动的发展

我们应该知道三位重要的哲学家

一个是法国的笛卡尔

一个是荷兰的斯宾诺莎

一个是德国的莱布尼茨

可以说由于他们的哲学思想的发展

奠定了欧洲整个近代理性的

科学的思想基础

在我们知道欧洲十七世纪

理性主义的思想背景之后

我们还应该了解十七世纪

欧洲最重要的一个君王

他就是法国的路易十四

路易十四1638年出生

1715年去世

他1643即五岁的时候登基

在位时间一共72年

他在位的这72年是法国成为

欧洲的第一大帝国的时代

也是法国的文化艺术

辉煌发展的时代

而我们下面要谈到的

巴洛克艺术的登峰造极

成为欧洲艺术的一时风气

就得力于路易十四的推波助澜

我们现在看到了这一幅图画

是一个宫廷画家为

路易十四家族描绘的绘画

坐在宝座上的当然就是

帝王路易十四

在他的两边和下面坐着

他们的家族的成员

这一幅题名为

《路易十四家族神话画像》的绘画

模仿的正是古希腊奥林匹斯山

宙斯众神的景象

路易十四可以说是一个

富有艺术情趣

而又极富夸耀之心的帝王

他可以说是当时

欧洲最大的艺术赞助人

不仅如此

他还是一个身体力行的艺术家

他登基后不久

他就作为主角演了

《阿尔的太阳》当中的小王子

阿尔就是凡尔赛宫的所在地

我们现在看到的画面

是路易十四当时的宫廷凡尔赛宫

凡尔赛宫被称为

典型的巴洛克艺术建筑

这个宫廷建筑的最重要的特点是

以中央主殿为核心

向东西两极无限地延伸

着它的数以百计的房间

给人的感觉是凡尔赛宫

成为控制天地的一个世界

相对于文艺复兴艺术追求平衡宁静

巴洛克艺术强调的是动感

张力和令人震惊的眩晕

我们现在看到的画面是十七世纪

意大利重要的艺术家贝尔尼尼的作品

这个雕像的题名为

《特蕾西的狂喜》

它表现的是

特蕾西修女在沉睡的时候

梦见了天使的光临

而产生的那种惊喜感

我们特别要注意到天使

和特蕾西他们两人的姿势

都是在一种几乎动感的张力当中

而在他们的后面作为背景的

代表着天堂降临的

神圣光线的金色装置

是像瀑布一样地喷泄而下

给人极强的冲击力

在绘画的领域

巴洛克艺术的最重要的代表

就是鲁本斯

鲁本斯出生于佛兰德姆地区

现在是属于比利时的安特卫普附近

鲁本斯早年在意大利学习绘画

他受到提香和提香以后的

艺术家的影响

具有一种浪漫的理想的气质

他说 我的情感来自于天国

而不是来自于现实的沉思

这是鲁本斯创作的

一幅他儿子的速写

从这幅肖像画我们可以看到

鲁本斯对人物特征

和性格的捕捉是非常有功力的

他向我们描绘了一个幼稚

天真而可爱的儿童

我们现在看到的是

鲁本斯1617年的作品

题名为《掳掠留基波斯的女儿》

我们看到在这个画面上

鲁本斯独具匠心的构图是

把两位被抢劫的女性的赤裸的身体

叠加起来形成一种垂直的力量

而两位抢劫的男人把她们拥抱着

使这种叠加的力量显得更为紧张

冲突

作为一种强化

在他们的身后是

近似于直立的狂肆的烈马

还有背后的奔放的云翼

都在强化着这个画面的

紧张冲突的张力

但是我们应该意识到

鲁本斯在这个画面上

他并不是要向我们展示一场

血腥惨烈的抢劫场面

而是在把画面的张力

强化到最高程度的同时

又有一种古典式的平衡感

使这个画面成为一出被控制的戏剧

这就是巴洛克典型的风格

一方面他极大强度地去释放力量

但是另一方面这种冲突的力量

又被更高的一种神力所控制

实际上就是王权

所以有学者指出

在鲁本斯的绘画当中

总是表现着权力的欲望

这种权力既是男性对于女性的控制

又是君王对于臣民的控制

鲁本斯在当时兼顾着

欧洲几大帝国的宫廷画师的职务

他经常来往于法国宫廷

西班牙宫廷 英国宫廷等等

我们现在看到的绘画

是鲁本斯的另一个作品

题名为《和平祝福的寓言》

这幅画分为前景和背景

在背景当中

处于暗影的戴头盔的雅典娜

正在驱除战神马尔斯

而在前景当中

坐在画面中央的裸体的和平女神

正在用她乳汁饱满的乳房

哺育着一个婴儿

在她的前面是长着山羊蹄的森林神

把结实饱满的葡萄给予小孩们

其他的人物都在画面上

向我们展示着丰衣足食

欢乐祥和的场面

鲁本斯这幅画没有任何说教

和符号化的表现

而是用雄壮艳丽的身体

和五彩缤纷的物品

来展示了一个没有战争的

幸福的世界

鲁本斯创作这幅作品的背景

就是英国即将和西班牙开战

鲁本斯作为和平大使

代表西班牙把这幅画

送给了英国皇室

结果终止了一场即将开始的战争

还有一个题材是鲁本斯经常描绘的

就是《帕里斯的审判》

在《帕里斯的审判》这一系列的

画作当中

我们发现鲁本斯始终带着一种

浪漫的 夸张的笔触来描绘那些

壮硕而艳丽的女性形体

在1636年的《帕里斯的审判》

这幅绘画当中

鲁本斯用他的第二任妻子作为模特

这就是中间那位背对着

我们的代表着雅典娜的女性形象

鲁本斯给予我们的世界

是一个代表着帝王的权势夸耀地

充满着肉体的 艳丽的世界

这就是巴洛克

Western and Chinese Art: Masters and Classics课程列表:

1.A Survey of Art: Subjects and Methodology

-1.1Factual impairment between image and message

--Factual impairment between image and message

-1.2Relationship between Fact and Truth

--Relationship between Fact and Truth

-1.3The image revelry in the information age

--The image revelry in the information age

-1.4 Nature, animal and human body art

--Nature, animal and human body art

-1.5 Art: from concrete bodies to metaphorical constructions

--Art: from concrete bodies to metaphorical constructions

-1.6 On defining art

--On defining art

-1.7 Globalization and Consumerism

--Globalization and Consumerism

-1.8 Art and Anti-art

--Art and Anti-art

-1.9The value classics hold to the modern time

--The value classics hold to the modern time

-Homework1

2. The Dawn of Icon: Masterpieces by Unknown Artists

-2.1 The occurrence of prehistoric art

--The occurrence of prehistoric art

-2.2 Mysterious cave mural paintings

--Mysterious cave mural paintings

-2.3 Symbolism of rock engravings

--Symbolism of rock engravings

-2.4 Expressive functions about prehistoric painting

--Expressive functions about prehistoric painting

-2.5 Aesthetic characters of prehistoric art

--Aesthetic characters of prehistoric art

-2.6 The tribal art of bodily operation

--The tribal art of bodily operation

-2.7 The construction to reach the heaven

--The construction to reach the heaven

-2.8 Immortal art in ancient Egyptian

-- Immortal art in ancient Egyptian

-Homework2

3.Mythological creation of beauty: From Homer to Phidias

-3.1 The relationship between mythology and Greek culture

--The relationship between mythology and Greek culture

-3.2 The marks of the epics written by Homer

--The marks of the epics written by Homer

-3.3 Three greatest tragedy drammatists in Greece

--Three greatest tragedy drammatists in Greece

-3.4 The aesthetics woven into ancient Greek architecture

--The aesthetics woven into ancient Greek architecture

-3.5 The ancient Greek sculpture

--The ancient Greek sculpture

-3.6 The Greek sculpture of the classic age

--The Greek sculpture of the classic age

-3.7 Works of Phidias

--Works of Phidias

-3.8 The essence and verve of ancient Greek classical art

--The essence and verve of ancient Greek classical art

-Homework3

4.Majesty and Divinity: From Bronze Ware to Han Stone Rrelief

-4.1The beginning of Chinese painting and Calligraphy

--The beginning of Chinese painting and Calligraphy

-4.2 Majesty and divinity from bronze ware

--Majesty and divinity from bronze ware

-4.3 The Duke Mao Tripod and eternal characters

--The Duke Mao Tripod and eternal characters

-4.4The Philosophy of Chuang Tzu

--The Philosophy of Chuang Tzu

-4.5Qin Shi Huang’s Terracotta Warriors

--Qin Shi Huang’s Terracotta Warriors

-4.6The painting in the Han Dynasty

--The painting in the Han Dynasty

-4.7 The sculpture in the Han Dynasty

--The sculpture in the Han Dynasty

-Homework4

5.Grief and Transcendence: Wang Xizhi and Gu Kaizhi

-5.1Master Chuang Tzu's impact on the Wei and Jin Dynasties

--Master Chuang Tzu's impact on the Wei and Jin Dynasties

-5.2Talking about Ji Kang

--Talking about Ji Kang

-5.3 The general spirit of the Wei and Jin Dynasties

--The general spirit of the Wei and Jin Dynasties

-5.4 Wang Xizhi and his unrivalled attainment in calligraphy

--Wang Xizhi and his unrivalled attainment in calligraphy

-5.5 A Preface to the Orchid Pavilion

-- A Preface to the Orchid Pavilion

-5.6 The penmanship of two famous calligraphers surnamed Wang

--The penmanship of two famous calligraphers surnamed Wang

-5.7Gu Kaizhi and his painting

--Gu Kaizhi and his painting

-5.8 Great poet Tao Yuanming

--Great poet Tao Yuanming

-Homework5

6.Unrestrained-ness and unconventional-ness: Zhang Xu and Wu Daozi

-6.1The Chan School in the Tang dynasty

--The Chan School in the Tang dynasty

-6.2“Cursive King”: Zhang Xu

--“Cursive King”: Zhang Xu

-6.3《Four Calligraphy Works of Ancient Poems》

--《Four Calligraphy Works of Ancient Poems》

-6.4Zhang Xu and Huai Su

--Zhang Xu and Huai Su

-6.5Wu Daozi and his paintings

--Wu Daozi and his paintings

-6.6Wang Wei and Chinese landscape painting

--Wang Wei and Chinese landscape painting

-6.7The relation of painting and poetry

--The relation of painting and poetry

-Homework6

7. Earthliness and Holiness: Giotto and Jan Van Eyck

-7.1 The beginning of Renaissance: Giotto

--The beginning of Renaissance: Giotto

-7.2 Giotto’s naturalism

--Giotto’s naturalism

-7.3 The frescoes in the Arenal Chapel

--The frescoes in the Arenal Chapel

-7.4 The Renaissance artist in north Europe: Robert Campin

--The Renaissance artist in north Europe: Robert Campin

-7.5 The Ghent Altarpiece

--The Ghent Altarpiece

-7.6 Jan Van Eyck’s secular paintings

-- Jan Van Eyck’s secular paintings

-Homework7

8. The Blossoming of Holiness: From Da Vinci to Titian

-8.1 The beauty of dawn during Renaissance

--The beauty of dawn during Renaissance

-8.2 The reproducer of nature: Da Vinci

--The reproducer of nature: Da Vinci

-8.3 The immortal work Mona Lisa

--The immortal work Mona Lisa

-8.4 The classicism of Raphael

--The classicism of Raphael

-8.5 The Sistine Chapel ceiling

--The Sistine Chapel ceiling

-8.6 The mythology and sculpture of Moses

--The mythology and sculpture of Moses

-8.7 Michelangelo's struggle between life and death

-- Michelangelo's struggle between life and death

-8.8 The perceptual Titian and Venice

--The perceptual Titian and Venice

-Homework8

9.Nature and Human Nature: Rubens, Poussin and Rembrandt

-9.1Rubens and the Baroque Art

--Rubens and the Baroque Art

-9.2Poussin and his classical spirit

--Poussin and his classical spirit

-9.3Rembrandt and his aptitude of wielding light and shadow

--Rembrandt and his aptitude of wielding light and shadow

-9.4 Rembrandt in his self-portrait

--Rembrandt in his self-portrait

-9.5 Vermeer and his painting

--Vermeer and his painting

-Homework9

10.Verve and Character: From Wang Wei to Ni Zan

-10.1Landscape painting from the Five Dynasties period to the Northern Song Dynasty

--Landscape painting from the Five Dynasties period to the Northern Song Dynasty

-10.2 Creating painting out of poetry by Emperor Huizong of Song

--Creating painting out of poetry by Emperor Huizong of Song

-10.3 Viewing the small through the large

--Viewing the small through the large

-10.4 Combining the tangible with the intangible

--Combining the tangible with the intangible

-10.5 The atmosphere of freedom, detachedness and ease of landscape painting

-- The atmosphere of freedom, detachedness and ease of landscape painting

-10.6 Dwelling in the Fuchun Mountains

--Dwelling in the Fuchun Mountains

-10.7 Friendliness in Ni Zan’s painting

--Friendliness in Ni Zan’s painting

-10.8 A pristine and boundless world in Ni Zan’s painting

--A pristine and boundless world in Ni Zan’s painting

-Homework10

11.Personality and Love for Ridicule: Xu Wei the Lunatic

-11.1The origin and expression of the madman culture

--The origin and expression of the madman culture

-11.2 The madman Li Zhi

--The madman Li Zhi

-11.3 Xu Wei: from gifted scholar to mad man

--Xu Wei: from gifted scholar to mad man

-11.4 The aesthetic ideology of Xu Wei

--The aesthetic ideology of Xu Wei

-11.5 Xu Wei’s notions and theories on painting practise

--Xu Wei’s notions and theories on painting practise

-11.6 Miscellaneous Plants and Flowers

--Miscellaneous Plants and Flowers

-11.7 Drunkenness in Xu Wei's art

--Drunkenness in Xu Wei's art

-Homework11

12.The Transition of Classicism: From David to Courbet

-12.1 Winckelmann

--Winckelmann

-12.2 Neoclassical master: David

--Neoclassical master: David

-12.3 The Death of Marat

--The Death of Marat

-12.4 The Intervention of the Sabine Women

--The Intervention of the Sabine Women

-12.5 The aestheticism works by Ingres

--The aestheticism works by Ingres

-12.6 The contrast between photography and paintings

--The contrast between photography and paintings

-12.7 Courbet and realism

--Courbet and realism

-Homework12

13.The Philosophy and Painting of Romanticism

-13.1 Rousseau and emotionalism

--Rousseau and emotionalism

-13.2 Kant's view about the beautiful and the sublime

--Kant's view about the beautiful and the sublime

-13.3 Goethe, from Werther to Faust

--Goethe, from Werther to Faust

-13.4 Byron, romantic hero

--Byron, romantic hero

-13.5 The painting laws of Romanticism

--The painting laws of Romanticism

-13.6 John Constable

--John Constable

-13.7 The world of Turner

--The world of Turner

-Homework13

14.Experience and Contemplation: Van Gogh and Cézanne

-14.1 Western modernism and Rodin

--Western modernism and Rodin

-14.2 The Gates of Hell

--The Gates of Hell

-14.3 Painting conception of Manet

--Painting conception of Manet

-14.4 Impressionism of Monet

--Impressionism of Monet

-14.5 Cezanne:the Father of the art of modernism

--Cezanne:the Father of the art of modernism

-14.6 Van Gogh:painting and life

--Van Gogh:painting and life

-14.7 The art value of Van Gogh

--The art value of Van Gogh

-Homework14

15.Boundless Art: From Marcel Duchamp to Andy Warhol

-15.1 art modernism

--art modernism

-15.2 porcelain urinal of Marcel Duchamp

--porcelain urinal of Marcel Duchamp

-15.3 This is not a pipe

--This is not a pipe

-15.4 The great innovation artist: Picasso

--The great innovation artist: Picasso

-15.5 the infinity of art

--the infinity of art

-15.6 the art after Andy Warhol

--the art after Andy Warhol

-Homework15

Final exam

-Final exam

Rubens and the Baroque Art笔记与讨论

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