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Cezanne:the Father of the art of modernism课程教案、知识点、字幕

我们现在从印象派进入到

后期印象派

印象派强调直观在绘画中的意义

也就是要用画家自己的视觉

去捕捉在空气中

演绎着的光和影的戏剧

这种对瞬间的色彩感的捕捉和表现

印象派把这种绘画精神推到极致

就使绘画成为对物体

纯粹外观光影的捕捉

而丧失对物体的内在结构的把握

在他们的画面上

常常就只留下如空气一样

迷茫的色彩

而不再有具体的物象

后期印象派的产生就是

对印象派绘画精神的矫正

甚至逆转

我们首先要跟大家介绍的

后期印象派大师是塞尚

在众多西方现代派画家当中

塞尚的人生是一个前期充满冷遇

而后半期逐渐被接受和认可的一生

因为他始终在走着独立的探索道路

与当时的绘画精神

如果说不是格格不入

至少也是漠然无关的

塞尚的绘画精神与

印象派绘画精神的主要区别就在于

印象派主张直观地去捕捉自然景象

特别是瞬间的色彩感觉

而塞尚他是坚持

一方面必须要向传统学习

另一方面要向自然学习

他认为真正的绘画的前途

是在于传统和自然的结合

他说卢浮宫是一部好的教科书

但它是间接的

我们的现实而伟大的教科书

就是丰富多样的自然的画面

塞尚晚年从巴黎退回到他的故乡

普罗旺斯的艾克斯

在这里他日复一日年复一年地

徘徊于山岗 小径和池塘

他对这些已经是如数家珍的景物

却有无限无尽的

一种观察体贴和交流的心情

我们现在在画面看到的

这是他在家乡

留下了无数步履和踪影的地方

在塞尚晚年创作的大量的

关于他家乡景致的作品当中

最为突出的是我们在画面上

看到的他所创作的数以十计的

《圣.维多利亚山》画景

《圣.维多利亚山》是塞尚

作为他在艾克斯的

三个创作工作室之一的

皇室小屋对面的一座山

他经常在这个皇室小屋门外的

山坡上眺望《圣.维多利亚山》

当然他也时常会去爬涉写生

我们现在看到的这个画面

是塞尚相对早期一些的

《圣.维多利亚山》画作

这个画面给我们的感觉

有一种简略古朴的景致

这幅画以青绿色为基本色调

由近至远向我们展开连渺的风景

这幅画应该说它还保持了

文艺复兴绘画的透视风格

但是呢它使透视的画面

显得更加平淡自然

所以有一种简约素朴的感觉

那么在更晚一些的这张

《圣.维多利亚山》画面当中

它在保持早期塞尚画作的

青绿 淡雅的风格的同时

已经在构图上表现了

塞尚式构图的特征

这就是远处的山峰不是和近景的

原野处于同一个透视序列当中

而是如中国画一样重新建立了

一个相对独立的透视序列

这就给我们造成了一种视觉感

仿佛远处的山峰和前景中的松树

特别是松树的枝叶

是处于同一个透视位置上

这就很像中国的高远画法

山峰不是远去

而是前来

我们现在来看塞尚更晚一些

大概完成于1890年的另一幅

《维多利亚山》画作

看这幅画作我们发现塞尚在画面上

从色彩来看他强化了色彩的冲突

他基本上是把非调和的原色

直接铺陈在画上

而且采用的是厚涂的方法

但是对于我们来说更为重要的

还是他对景物的空间位置的处理

他是完全打破了透视构图

在这幅画面上塞尚

显然是使用了三个透视层次来构图

我们看近景的树木是树叶历历在目

还有中景中的湖泊

也是一片晶莹空灵

更远处的山峰它不是透视缩远

而是一种向近景前移的感觉

我们把一张这幅山峰的摄影

和这个画作相比较我们就会发现

在塞尚的画面上

山峰是一种前倾的感觉

而在摄影画面上山峰是后退的

塞尚的这幅画作

它给我们两个方面的特点

一方面是我们刚才讲的

就是他打破线性透视

而用移动的视点来进行构图

这幅画可以说是塞尚

之为塞尚的典型的画作

他让我们看到两个方面

一个方面就是塞尚的色彩是主观的

是印象派的

他不再去按照传统的理想化的

描绘原则来进行色彩表现

而是用了非调和的原色

用了塞尚的特殊的笔著

也就是厚涂的方式来进行描绘

所以观赏塞尚的绘画

我们会感到极其强烈的色彩的张力

第二个方面

我们又感到在塞尚的描绘当中

透过这些极具主观性的色彩表现

我们又会感受到具有传统写实一样

强烈的那种物体的质感

这种质感是在于塞尚由外及内

把握到了事物内在的结构和机制

而实现的

我们可以说对景物的描绘

塞尚的绘画是在主观和客观

在外观和结构之间建立了

一种具有高度张力的平衡性

塞尚就表示他对绘画的追求

不仅要表现外观的色彩

而且要揭示内在的结构

这就是他所说的一切景物

都可以简化为圆柱体

圆锥体

和圆球体

三种基本几何体

法国哲学家梅洛庞蒂在解释

塞尚的绘画精神的时候这样指出

塞尚并不认为自己需要在

情感和思想之间做选择

正如他无须在无序

和有序之间做选择一样

他并不愿意把我们所见的

固定的事物

和事物呈现的方式相区别

他真正想要展示的是

事物如何获取形式

是秩序怎样从自发的

有机组织当中形成

梅洛庞蒂的这一段话

就是揭示了塞尚在绘画创作当中

试图在展示一个

直观现实的景物的时候

要把这个景物内在的结构和

生成原理揭示出来

梅勒庞提还认为塞尚的

艺术追求体现了自由的本质

如果有真正的自由

那么他只存在于

我们这样的生命历程当中

一方面我们超越了我们的本原

另一方面我们又始终保持着

和我们本原的统一

应当说在现代艺术萌发的早期

塞尚的伟大就在于

他在传统和现实之间

在自然和人文之间

在自我和世界之间发现了张力

而且以张力作为

他艺术创作的根本的源泉

正因为如此

20世纪伟大的现代主义艺术家

毕加索才会这样说

塞尚是我们所有人的父亲

这就是艺术史公认的塞尚

是真正的现代主义艺术之父

Western and Chinese Art: Masters and Classics课程列表:

1.A Survey of Art: Subjects and Methodology

-1.1Factual impairment between image and message

--Factual impairment between image and message

-1.2Relationship between Fact and Truth

--Relationship between Fact and Truth

-1.3The image revelry in the information age

--The image revelry in the information age

-1.4 Nature, animal and human body art

--Nature, animal and human body art

-1.5 Art: from concrete bodies to metaphorical constructions

--Art: from concrete bodies to metaphorical constructions

-1.6 On defining art

--On defining art

-1.7 Globalization and Consumerism

--Globalization and Consumerism

-1.8 Art and Anti-art

--Art and Anti-art

-1.9The value classics hold to the modern time

--The value classics hold to the modern time

-Homework1

2. The Dawn of Icon: Masterpieces by Unknown Artists

-2.1 The occurrence of prehistoric art

--The occurrence of prehistoric art

-2.2 Mysterious cave mural paintings

--Mysterious cave mural paintings

-2.3 Symbolism of rock engravings

--Symbolism of rock engravings

-2.4 Expressive functions about prehistoric painting

--Expressive functions about prehistoric painting

-2.5 Aesthetic characters of prehistoric art

--Aesthetic characters of prehistoric art

-2.6 The tribal art of bodily operation

--The tribal art of bodily operation

-2.7 The construction to reach the heaven

--The construction to reach the heaven

-2.8 Immortal art in ancient Egyptian

-- Immortal art in ancient Egyptian

-Homework2

3.Mythological creation of beauty: From Homer to Phidias

-3.1 The relationship between mythology and Greek culture

--The relationship between mythology and Greek culture

-3.2 The marks of the epics written by Homer

--The marks of the epics written by Homer

-3.3 Three greatest tragedy drammatists in Greece

--Three greatest tragedy drammatists in Greece

-3.4 The aesthetics woven into ancient Greek architecture

--The aesthetics woven into ancient Greek architecture

-3.5 The ancient Greek sculpture

--The ancient Greek sculpture

-3.6 The Greek sculpture of the classic age

--The Greek sculpture of the classic age

-3.7 Works of Phidias

--Works of Phidias

-3.8 The essence and verve of ancient Greek classical art

--The essence and verve of ancient Greek classical art

-Homework3

4.Majesty and Divinity: From Bronze Ware to Han Stone Rrelief

-4.1The beginning of Chinese painting and Calligraphy

--The beginning of Chinese painting and Calligraphy

-4.2 Majesty and divinity from bronze ware

--Majesty and divinity from bronze ware

-4.3 The Duke Mao Tripod and eternal characters

--The Duke Mao Tripod and eternal characters

-4.4The Philosophy of Chuang Tzu

--The Philosophy of Chuang Tzu

-4.5Qin Shi Huang’s Terracotta Warriors

--Qin Shi Huang’s Terracotta Warriors

-4.6The painting in the Han Dynasty

--The painting in the Han Dynasty

-4.7 The sculpture in the Han Dynasty

--The sculpture in the Han Dynasty

-Homework4

5.Grief and Transcendence: Wang Xizhi and Gu Kaizhi

-5.1Master Chuang Tzu's impact on the Wei and Jin Dynasties

--Master Chuang Tzu's impact on the Wei and Jin Dynasties

-5.2Talking about Ji Kang

--Talking about Ji Kang

-5.3 The general spirit of the Wei and Jin Dynasties

--The general spirit of the Wei and Jin Dynasties

-5.4 Wang Xizhi and his unrivalled attainment in calligraphy

--Wang Xizhi and his unrivalled attainment in calligraphy

-5.5 A Preface to the Orchid Pavilion

-- A Preface to the Orchid Pavilion

-5.6 The penmanship of two famous calligraphers surnamed Wang

--The penmanship of two famous calligraphers surnamed Wang

-5.7Gu Kaizhi and his painting

--Gu Kaizhi and his painting

-5.8 Great poet Tao Yuanming

--Great poet Tao Yuanming

-Homework5

6.Unrestrained-ness and unconventional-ness: Zhang Xu and Wu Daozi

-6.1The Chan School in the Tang dynasty

--The Chan School in the Tang dynasty

-6.2“Cursive King”: Zhang Xu

--“Cursive King”: Zhang Xu

-6.3《Four Calligraphy Works of Ancient Poems》

--《Four Calligraphy Works of Ancient Poems》

-6.4Zhang Xu and Huai Su

--Zhang Xu and Huai Su

-6.5Wu Daozi and his paintings

--Wu Daozi and his paintings

-6.6Wang Wei and Chinese landscape painting

--Wang Wei and Chinese landscape painting

-6.7The relation of painting and poetry

--The relation of painting and poetry

-Homework6

7. Earthliness and Holiness: Giotto and Jan Van Eyck

-7.1 The beginning of Renaissance: Giotto

--The beginning of Renaissance: Giotto

-7.2 Giotto’s naturalism

--Giotto’s naturalism

-7.3 The frescoes in the Arenal Chapel

--The frescoes in the Arenal Chapel

-7.4 The Renaissance artist in north Europe: Robert Campin

--The Renaissance artist in north Europe: Robert Campin

-7.5 The Ghent Altarpiece

--The Ghent Altarpiece

-7.6 Jan Van Eyck’s secular paintings

-- Jan Van Eyck’s secular paintings

-Homework7

8. The Blossoming of Holiness: From Da Vinci to Titian

-8.1 The beauty of dawn during Renaissance

--The beauty of dawn during Renaissance

-8.2 The reproducer of nature: Da Vinci

--The reproducer of nature: Da Vinci

-8.3 The immortal work Mona Lisa

--The immortal work Mona Lisa

-8.4 The classicism of Raphael

--The classicism of Raphael

-8.5 The Sistine Chapel ceiling

--The Sistine Chapel ceiling

-8.6 The mythology and sculpture of Moses

--The mythology and sculpture of Moses

-8.7 Michelangelo's struggle between life and death

-- Michelangelo's struggle between life and death

-8.8 The perceptual Titian and Venice

--The perceptual Titian and Venice

-Homework8

9.Nature and Human Nature: Rubens, Poussin and Rembrandt

-9.1Rubens and the Baroque Art

--Rubens and the Baroque Art

-9.2Poussin and his classical spirit

--Poussin and his classical spirit

-9.3Rembrandt and his aptitude of wielding light and shadow

--Rembrandt and his aptitude of wielding light and shadow

-9.4 Rembrandt in his self-portrait

--Rembrandt in his self-portrait

-9.5 Vermeer and his painting

--Vermeer and his painting

-Homework9

10.Verve and Character: From Wang Wei to Ni Zan

-10.1Landscape painting from the Five Dynasties period to the Northern Song Dynasty

--Landscape painting from the Five Dynasties period to the Northern Song Dynasty

-10.2 Creating painting out of poetry by Emperor Huizong of Song

--Creating painting out of poetry by Emperor Huizong of Song

-10.3 Viewing the small through the large

--Viewing the small through the large

-10.4 Combining the tangible with the intangible

--Combining the tangible with the intangible

-10.5 The atmosphere of freedom, detachedness and ease of landscape painting

-- The atmosphere of freedom, detachedness and ease of landscape painting

-10.6 Dwelling in the Fuchun Mountains

--Dwelling in the Fuchun Mountains

-10.7 Friendliness in Ni Zan’s painting

--Friendliness in Ni Zan’s painting

-10.8 A pristine and boundless world in Ni Zan’s painting

--A pristine and boundless world in Ni Zan’s painting

-Homework10

11.Personality and Love for Ridicule: Xu Wei the Lunatic

-11.1The origin and expression of the madman culture

--The origin and expression of the madman culture

-11.2 The madman Li Zhi

--The madman Li Zhi

-11.3 Xu Wei: from gifted scholar to mad man

--Xu Wei: from gifted scholar to mad man

-11.4 The aesthetic ideology of Xu Wei

--The aesthetic ideology of Xu Wei

-11.5 Xu Wei’s notions and theories on painting practise

--Xu Wei’s notions and theories on painting practise

-11.6 Miscellaneous Plants and Flowers

--Miscellaneous Plants and Flowers

-11.7 Drunkenness in Xu Wei's art

--Drunkenness in Xu Wei's art

-Homework11

12.The Transition of Classicism: From David to Courbet

-12.1 Winckelmann

--Winckelmann

-12.2 Neoclassical master: David

--Neoclassical master: David

-12.3 The Death of Marat

--The Death of Marat

-12.4 The Intervention of the Sabine Women

--The Intervention of the Sabine Women

-12.5 The aestheticism works by Ingres

--The aestheticism works by Ingres

-12.6 The contrast between photography and paintings

--The contrast between photography and paintings

-12.7 Courbet and realism

--Courbet and realism

-Homework12

13.The Philosophy and Painting of Romanticism

-13.1 Rousseau and emotionalism

--Rousseau and emotionalism

-13.2 Kant's view about the beautiful and the sublime

--Kant's view about the beautiful and the sublime

-13.3 Goethe, from Werther to Faust

--Goethe, from Werther to Faust

-13.4 Byron, romantic hero

--Byron, romantic hero

-13.5 The painting laws of Romanticism

--The painting laws of Romanticism

-13.6 John Constable

--John Constable

-13.7 The world of Turner

--The world of Turner

-Homework13

14.Experience and Contemplation: Van Gogh and Cézanne

-14.1 Western modernism and Rodin

--Western modernism and Rodin

-14.2 The Gates of Hell

--The Gates of Hell

-14.3 Painting conception of Manet

--Painting conception of Manet

-14.4 Impressionism of Monet

--Impressionism of Monet

-14.5 Cezanne:the Father of the art of modernism

--Cezanne:the Father of the art of modernism

-14.6 Van Gogh:painting and life

--Van Gogh:painting and life

-14.7 The art value of Van Gogh

--The art value of Van Gogh

-Homework14

15.Boundless Art: From Marcel Duchamp to Andy Warhol

-15.1 art modernism

--art modernism

-15.2 porcelain urinal of Marcel Duchamp

--porcelain urinal of Marcel Duchamp

-15.3 This is not a pipe

--This is not a pipe

-15.4 The great innovation artist: Picasso

--The great innovation artist: Picasso

-15.5 the infinity of art

--the infinity of art

-15.6 the art after Andy Warhol

--the art after Andy Warhol

-Homework15

Final exam

-Final exam

Cezanne:the Father of the art of modernism笔记与讨论

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