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我们现在给大家介绍西方艺术史
在19世纪中期前后的
一个重要变化
这就是现实主义艺术思潮的产生
现实主义的思想背景
最主要的是社会批判意识
成为艺术家创作的一个主要动机
此前的艺术创作
是以对上层社会的关注
社会重大问题的关注
为主要动机的
而现实主义则把眼光降低
艺术家的一个新的思想动机
是走入底层社会
关注日常生活
现在我们在画面上看到的
是现实主义大师库尔贝的一幅作品
叫《相遇》
这是描绘他和两个艺术家朋友
在郊野邂逅的情景
我们注意到在画面上的库尔贝
是一个衣着素朴
形态自然的一个旅行者
他没有做作
没有装饰
我们现在在画面上看到的
是库尔贝1849年的作品
《碎石工》
实际上就是在修筑道路的两个石匠
我们看到他们褴褛的衣衫
还有艰辛劳作而疲惫的身体
他们只有侧身或者背影
是我们可以看到的
而他们的面容都在浓重的阴影之中
库尔贝让我们感受到
他们的生活是如此地贫贱
他们的劳作是如此地艰辛
他们的整个身体
甚至整个生命都被这种
贫贱和艰辛所笼罩着
这就是现实主义绘画
库尔贝在谈到他的
现实主义创作思想的时候
他这样说
我们现在生活的这个社会
是如此地彬彬有礼
而对于我来说不得不去
面对一种所谓野蛮的生活
我必须要使自己
摆脱那些管理者的控制
人民使我同情
我必须直接地生活在他们当中
现在我们看到的是
库尔贝的另外一幅作品
叫《奥兰的葬礼》
这是一幅巨型油画作品
它的如山体一样横陈的画面
向我们展示的是在一个葬礼上面
如冰冷的岩石一样
排列着的送葬的人群
特别是我们看到在画面上
所有的人的表情都是冰冷麻木的
牧师在背对着我们
例行公事地念诵着祷告词
而那个掘墓人
他是不是所有人群当中的焦点
他穿着白衬衫
黑短褂
他的神情就是在做一件
对他来说再平凡不过
再琐碎不过的事情
所以他是机械地等待着
画面中那个在牧师背后的
着白衣的矮小的儿童
或者儿童对面的那只白色的猎犬
他们都对这个葬礼场面
表现出一种茫然不解的神情
库尔贝这样来描绘一个葬礼的场景
对于习惯了用深重的哀痛之情
来理解葬礼的观众来说
库尔贝画面的情调
让人感到难以接受的冷漠
而这正是库尔贝
需要达到的艺术效果
当他的这幅作品被展出
遭遇到强烈地批评的时候
库尔贝认为他这幅作品
就是对新古典主义
也是对当时的浪漫主义
做了一个葬礼
实际上库尔贝用机械冰冷的手法
来描绘葬礼
他的寓意就是要与古典主义艺术
和浪漫主义艺术告别
他要消除他认为是虚假廉价的激情
他也要突破古典主义的矫揉造作
他要直面人生的无情和贫苦
-1.1Factual impairment between image and message
--Factual impairment between image and message
-1.2Relationship between Fact and Truth
--Relationship between Fact and Truth
-1.3The image revelry in the information age
--The image revelry in the information age
-1.4 Nature, animal and human body art
--Nature, animal and human body art
-1.5 Art: from concrete bodies to metaphorical constructions
--Art: from concrete bodies to metaphorical constructions
-1.6 On defining art
-1.7 Globalization and Consumerism
--Globalization and Consumerism
-1.8 Art and Anti-art
-1.9The value classics hold to the modern time
--The value classics hold to the modern time
-Homework1
-2.1 The occurrence of prehistoric art
--The occurrence of prehistoric art
-2.2 Mysterious cave mural paintings
--Mysterious cave mural paintings
-2.3 Symbolism of rock engravings
--Symbolism of rock engravings
-2.4 Expressive functions about prehistoric painting
--Expressive functions about prehistoric painting
-2.5 Aesthetic characters of prehistoric art
--Aesthetic characters of prehistoric art
-2.6 The tribal art of bodily operation
--The tribal art of bodily operation
-2.7 The construction to reach the heaven
--The construction to reach the heaven
-2.8 Immortal art in ancient Egyptian
-- Immortal art in ancient Egyptian
-Homework2
-3.1 The relationship between mythology and Greek culture
--The relationship between mythology and Greek culture
-3.2 The marks of the epics written by Homer
--The marks of the epics written by Homer
-3.3 Three greatest tragedy drammatists in Greece
--Three greatest tragedy drammatists in Greece
-3.4 The aesthetics woven into ancient Greek architecture
--The aesthetics woven into ancient Greek architecture
-3.5 The ancient Greek sculpture
-3.6 The Greek sculpture of the classic age
--The Greek sculpture of the classic age
-3.7 Works of Phidias
-3.8 The essence and verve of ancient Greek classical art
--The essence and verve of ancient Greek classical art
-Homework3
-4.1The beginning of Chinese painting and Calligraphy
--The beginning of Chinese painting and Calligraphy
-4.2 Majesty and divinity from bronze ware
--Majesty and divinity from bronze ware
-4.3 The Duke Mao Tripod and eternal characters
--The Duke Mao Tripod and eternal characters
-4.4The Philosophy of Chuang Tzu
--The Philosophy of Chuang Tzu
-4.5Qin Shi Huang’s Terracotta Warriors
--Qin Shi Huang’s Terracotta Warriors
-4.6The painting in the Han Dynasty
--The painting in the Han Dynasty
-4.7 The sculpture in the Han Dynasty
--The sculpture in the Han Dynasty
-Homework4
-5.1Master Chuang Tzu's impact on the Wei and Jin Dynasties
--Master Chuang Tzu's impact on the Wei and Jin Dynasties
-5.2Talking about Ji Kang
-5.3 The general spirit of the Wei and Jin Dynasties
--The general spirit of the Wei and Jin Dynasties
-5.4 Wang Xizhi and his unrivalled attainment in calligraphy
--Wang Xizhi and his unrivalled attainment in calligraphy
-5.5 A Preface to the Orchid Pavilion
-- A Preface to the Orchid Pavilion
-5.6 The penmanship of two famous calligraphers surnamed Wang
--The penmanship of two famous calligraphers surnamed Wang
-5.7Gu Kaizhi and his painting
-5.8 Great poet Tao Yuanming
-Homework5
-6.1The Chan School in the Tang dynasty
--The Chan School in the Tang dynasty
-6.2“Cursive King”: Zhang Xu
-6.3《Four Calligraphy Works of Ancient Poems》
--《Four Calligraphy Works of Ancient Poems》
-6.4Zhang Xu and Huai Su
-6.5Wu Daozi and his paintings
-6.6Wang Wei and Chinese landscape painting
--Wang Wei and Chinese landscape painting
-6.7The relation of painting and poetry
--The relation of painting and poetry
-Homework6
-7.1 The beginning of Renaissance: Giotto
--The beginning of Renaissance: Giotto
-7.2 Giotto’s naturalism
-7.3 The frescoes in the Arenal Chapel
--The frescoes in the Arenal Chapel
-7.4 The Renaissance artist in north Europe: Robert Campin
--The Renaissance artist in north Europe: Robert Campin
-7.5 The Ghent Altarpiece
-7.6 Jan Van Eyck’s secular paintings
-- Jan Van Eyck’s secular paintings
-Homework7
-8.1 The beauty of dawn during Renaissance
--The beauty of dawn during Renaissance
-8.2 The reproducer of nature: Da Vinci
--The reproducer of nature: Da Vinci
-8.3 The immortal work Mona Lisa
-8.4 The classicism of Raphael
-8.5 The Sistine Chapel ceiling
-8.6 The mythology and sculpture of Moses
--The mythology and sculpture of Moses
-8.7 Michelangelo's struggle between life and death
-- Michelangelo's struggle between life and death
-8.8 The perceptual Titian and Venice
--The perceptual Titian and Venice
-Homework8
-9.1Rubens and the Baroque Art
-9.2Poussin and his classical spirit
--Poussin and his classical spirit
-9.3Rembrandt and his aptitude of wielding light and shadow
--Rembrandt and his aptitude of wielding light and shadow
-9.4 Rembrandt in his self-portrait
--Rembrandt in his self-portrait
-9.5 Vermeer and his painting
-Homework9
-10.1Landscape painting from the Five Dynasties period to the Northern Song Dynasty
--Landscape painting from the Five Dynasties period to the Northern Song Dynasty
-10.2 Creating painting out of poetry by Emperor Huizong of Song
--Creating painting out of poetry by Emperor Huizong of Song
-10.3 Viewing the small through the large
--Viewing the small through the large
-10.4 Combining the tangible with the intangible
--Combining the tangible with the intangible
-10.5 The atmosphere of freedom, detachedness and ease of landscape painting
-- The atmosphere of freedom, detachedness and ease of landscape painting
-10.6 Dwelling in the Fuchun Mountains
--Dwelling in the Fuchun Mountains
-10.7 Friendliness in Ni Zan’s painting
--Friendliness in Ni Zan’s painting
-10.8 A pristine and boundless world in Ni Zan’s painting
--A pristine and boundless world in Ni Zan’s painting
-Homework10
-11.1The origin and expression of the madman culture
--The origin and expression of the madman culture
-11.2 The madman Li Zhi
-11.3 Xu Wei: from gifted scholar to mad man
--Xu Wei: from gifted scholar to mad man
-11.4 The aesthetic ideology of Xu Wei
--The aesthetic ideology of Xu Wei
-11.5 Xu Wei’s notions and theories on painting practise
--Xu Wei’s notions and theories on painting practise
-11.6 Miscellaneous Plants and Flowers
--Miscellaneous Plants and Flowers
-11.7 Drunkenness in Xu Wei's art
-Homework11
-12.1 Winckelmann
-12.2 Neoclassical master: David
-12.3 The Death of Marat
-12.4 The Intervention of the Sabine Women
--The Intervention of the Sabine Women
-12.5 The aestheticism works by Ingres
--The aestheticism works by Ingres
-12.6 The contrast between photography and paintings
--The contrast between photography and paintings
-12.7 Courbet and realism
-Homework12
-13.1 Rousseau and emotionalism
-13.2 Kant's view about the beautiful and the sublime
--Kant's view about the beautiful and the sublime
-13.3 Goethe, from Werther to Faust
--Goethe, from Werther to Faust
-13.4 Byron, romantic hero
-13.5 The painting laws of Romanticism
--The painting laws of Romanticism
-13.6 John Constable
-13.7 The world of Turner
-Homework13
-14.1 Western modernism and Rodin
-14.2 The Gates of Hell
-14.3 Painting conception of Manet
--Painting conception of Manet
-14.4 Impressionism of Monet
-14.5 Cezanne:the Father of the art of modernism
--Cezanne:the Father of the art of modernism
-14.6 Van Gogh:painting and life
-14.7 The art value of Van Gogh
-Homework14
-15.1 art modernism
-15.2 porcelain urinal of Marcel Duchamp
--porcelain urinal of Marcel Duchamp
-15.3 This is not a pipe
-15.4 The great innovation artist: Picasso
--The great innovation artist: Picasso
-15.5 the infinity of art
-15.6 the art after Andy Warhol
-Homework15
-Final exam