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我们现在来讲第二部分艺术是什么
在明确了图像和
真实和意义之间的
可能的差异和矛盾之后
我们来进一步理解艺术
关于艺术是什么
我们先讲第一小节
自然 动物和人艺之间的区别
我们现在看一个画面
现在我们大家看到
画面上有六张油画作品
我想请同学们辨识一下
在这六张油画作品当中
哪些作品是人描绘的
哪些作品是动物
准确地来讲就是猩猩描绘的
这六幅作品当中
第一 二 五是大猩猩刚果(Cango)的作品
第3幅是波洛克(Jackson Pollock)的作品
第四幅是奈(Ernst Nay)的作品
第六幅是康定斯基(Wassily Kandinsky)的作品
那么我们从这六幅作品来看
能不能从手法和艺术风格上
来区分出人和猩猩作品的差异
在猩猩绘画的研究当中
很多人都会发现
猩猩的作品其实
跟人的作品有一种接近性
就是它比较注重于
或者说比较突出地表现出
一种对称性的构图
特别是我们看第一幅作品
刚果做的第一幅作品
非常明显的表现出来一种
左右对称的构图方式
而且在色彩的搭配上
它也注意差异和统一
1964年在瑞典的一个画展上
有多位画家的绘画作品同时展出
其中有一个画家的
名字叫布拉索(Pierre Brassau)
有很多记者和批评家
纷纷赞赏布拉索的作品
特别有吸引力
比如说
一位记者叫安德伯格(Rolf Anderberg )
这位记者明确指出
布拉索绘画笔触有力
而且带着一种清晰的确定性
在他的绘画当中
带着一种强有力的一种爆发性
这样一些描述
用于布拉索的作品
而且认为他的作品在审美影响力上
远远超过了其他画家的作品
但是非常戏剧性的
是这个布拉索
其实他不是一个人
它是另外一只非常有名的猩猩画家
我们再把刚果的作品
这个被定义为无题的
1964年的作品
和波洛克的作品
我们一起比较来看
甚至我们可以把它和
我们随意拍摄的
天空飘荡的云相比较
猩猩的作品相比较于人的作品来说
它虽然有一定意义上的随机性
但是它没有办法达到
作为一个创造性的画家
他所具有的那样一种自主性
而自然我们知道像
鹦鹉螺这样一些自然产物
他们的结构或图像
可以是非常的精致精采
但是他们是依靠自然的
内在的规定性而形成的
它缺少画家的自主性和自由性
-1.1Factual impairment between image and message
--Factual impairment between image and message
-1.2Relationship between Fact and Truth
--Relationship between Fact and Truth
-1.3The image revelry in the information age
--The image revelry in the information age
-1.4 Nature, animal and human body art
--Nature, animal and human body art
-1.5 Art: from concrete bodies to metaphorical constructions
--Art: from concrete bodies to metaphorical constructions
-1.6 On defining art
-1.7 Globalization and Consumerism
--Globalization and Consumerism
-1.8 Art and Anti-art
-1.9The value classics hold to the modern time
--The value classics hold to the modern time
-Homework1
-2.1 The occurrence of prehistoric art
--The occurrence of prehistoric art
-2.2 Mysterious cave mural paintings
--Mysterious cave mural paintings
-2.3 Symbolism of rock engravings
--Symbolism of rock engravings
-2.4 Expressive functions about prehistoric painting
--Expressive functions about prehistoric painting
-2.5 Aesthetic characters of prehistoric art
--Aesthetic characters of prehistoric art
-2.6 The tribal art of bodily operation
--The tribal art of bodily operation
-2.7 The construction to reach the heaven
--The construction to reach the heaven
-2.8 Immortal art in ancient Egyptian
-- Immortal art in ancient Egyptian
-Homework2
-3.1 The relationship between mythology and Greek culture
--The relationship between mythology and Greek culture
-3.2 The marks of the epics written by Homer
--The marks of the epics written by Homer
-3.3 Three greatest tragedy drammatists in Greece
--Three greatest tragedy drammatists in Greece
-3.4 The aesthetics woven into ancient Greek architecture
--The aesthetics woven into ancient Greek architecture
-3.5 The ancient Greek sculpture
-3.6 The Greek sculpture of the classic age
--The Greek sculpture of the classic age
-3.7 Works of Phidias
-3.8 The essence and verve of ancient Greek classical art
--The essence and verve of ancient Greek classical art
-Homework3
-4.1The beginning of Chinese painting and Calligraphy
--The beginning of Chinese painting and Calligraphy
-4.2 Majesty and divinity from bronze ware
--Majesty and divinity from bronze ware
-4.3 The Duke Mao Tripod and eternal characters
--The Duke Mao Tripod and eternal characters
-4.4The Philosophy of Chuang Tzu
--The Philosophy of Chuang Tzu
-4.5Qin Shi Huang’s Terracotta Warriors
--Qin Shi Huang’s Terracotta Warriors
-4.6The painting in the Han Dynasty
--The painting in the Han Dynasty
-4.7 The sculpture in the Han Dynasty
--The sculpture in the Han Dynasty
-Homework4
-5.1Master Chuang Tzu's impact on the Wei and Jin Dynasties
--Master Chuang Tzu's impact on the Wei and Jin Dynasties
-5.2Talking about Ji Kang
-5.3 The general spirit of the Wei and Jin Dynasties
--The general spirit of the Wei and Jin Dynasties
-5.4 Wang Xizhi and his unrivalled attainment in calligraphy
--Wang Xizhi and his unrivalled attainment in calligraphy
-5.5 A Preface to the Orchid Pavilion
-- A Preface to the Orchid Pavilion
-5.6 The penmanship of two famous calligraphers surnamed Wang
--The penmanship of two famous calligraphers surnamed Wang
-5.7Gu Kaizhi and his painting
-5.8 Great poet Tao Yuanming
-Homework5
-6.1The Chan School in the Tang dynasty
--The Chan School in the Tang dynasty
-6.2“Cursive King”: Zhang Xu
-6.3《Four Calligraphy Works of Ancient Poems》
--《Four Calligraphy Works of Ancient Poems》
-6.4Zhang Xu and Huai Su
-6.5Wu Daozi and his paintings
-6.6Wang Wei and Chinese landscape painting
--Wang Wei and Chinese landscape painting
-6.7The relation of painting and poetry
--The relation of painting and poetry
-Homework6
-7.1 The beginning of Renaissance: Giotto
--The beginning of Renaissance: Giotto
-7.2 Giotto’s naturalism
-7.3 The frescoes in the Arenal Chapel
--The frescoes in the Arenal Chapel
-7.4 The Renaissance artist in north Europe: Robert Campin
--The Renaissance artist in north Europe: Robert Campin
-7.5 The Ghent Altarpiece
-7.6 Jan Van Eyck’s secular paintings
-- Jan Van Eyck’s secular paintings
-Homework7
-8.1 The beauty of dawn during Renaissance
--The beauty of dawn during Renaissance
-8.2 The reproducer of nature: Da Vinci
--The reproducer of nature: Da Vinci
-8.3 The immortal work Mona Lisa
-8.4 The classicism of Raphael
-8.5 The Sistine Chapel ceiling
-8.6 The mythology and sculpture of Moses
--The mythology and sculpture of Moses
-8.7 Michelangelo's struggle between life and death
-- Michelangelo's struggle between life and death
-8.8 The perceptual Titian and Venice
--The perceptual Titian and Venice
-Homework8
-9.1Rubens and the Baroque Art
-9.2Poussin and his classical spirit
--Poussin and his classical spirit
-9.3Rembrandt and his aptitude of wielding light and shadow
--Rembrandt and his aptitude of wielding light and shadow
-9.4 Rembrandt in his self-portrait
--Rembrandt in his self-portrait
-9.5 Vermeer and his painting
-Homework9
-10.1Landscape painting from the Five Dynasties period to the Northern Song Dynasty
--Landscape painting from the Five Dynasties period to the Northern Song Dynasty
-10.2 Creating painting out of poetry by Emperor Huizong of Song
--Creating painting out of poetry by Emperor Huizong of Song
-10.3 Viewing the small through the large
--Viewing the small through the large
-10.4 Combining the tangible with the intangible
--Combining the tangible with the intangible
-10.5 The atmosphere of freedom, detachedness and ease of landscape painting
-- The atmosphere of freedom, detachedness and ease of landscape painting
-10.6 Dwelling in the Fuchun Mountains
--Dwelling in the Fuchun Mountains
-10.7 Friendliness in Ni Zan’s painting
--Friendliness in Ni Zan’s painting
-10.8 A pristine and boundless world in Ni Zan’s painting
--A pristine and boundless world in Ni Zan’s painting
-Homework10
-11.1The origin and expression of the madman culture
--The origin and expression of the madman culture
-11.2 The madman Li Zhi
-11.3 Xu Wei: from gifted scholar to mad man
--Xu Wei: from gifted scholar to mad man
-11.4 The aesthetic ideology of Xu Wei
--The aesthetic ideology of Xu Wei
-11.5 Xu Wei’s notions and theories on painting practise
--Xu Wei’s notions and theories on painting practise
-11.6 Miscellaneous Plants and Flowers
--Miscellaneous Plants and Flowers
-11.7 Drunkenness in Xu Wei's art
-Homework11
-12.1 Winckelmann
-12.2 Neoclassical master: David
-12.3 The Death of Marat
-12.4 The Intervention of the Sabine Women
--The Intervention of the Sabine Women
-12.5 The aestheticism works by Ingres
--The aestheticism works by Ingres
-12.6 The contrast between photography and paintings
--The contrast between photography and paintings
-12.7 Courbet and realism
-Homework12
-13.1 Rousseau and emotionalism
-13.2 Kant's view about the beautiful and the sublime
--Kant's view about the beautiful and the sublime
-13.3 Goethe, from Werther to Faust
--Goethe, from Werther to Faust
-13.4 Byron, romantic hero
-13.5 The painting laws of Romanticism
--The painting laws of Romanticism
-13.6 John Constable
-13.7 The world of Turner
-Homework13
-14.1 Western modernism and Rodin
-14.2 The Gates of Hell
-14.3 Painting conception of Manet
--Painting conception of Manet
-14.4 Impressionism of Monet
-14.5 Cezanne:the Father of the art of modernism
--Cezanne:the Father of the art of modernism
-14.6 Van Gogh:painting and life
-14.7 The art value of Van Gogh
-Homework14
-15.1 art modernism
-15.2 porcelain urinal of Marcel Duchamp
--porcelain urinal of Marcel Duchamp
-15.3 This is not a pipe
-15.4 The great innovation artist: Picasso
--The great innovation artist: Picasso
-15.5 the infinity of art
-15.6 the art after Andy Warhol
-Homework15
-Final exam