Idea Generation在线视频

Idea Genetation

培养想法

Welcome to the third session of the Innovation and Creative Thinking Course.

欢迎来到创新与创意思维课程第三课。

Having understood the concept of creative problem solving, we will look into means to generate ideas.

理解了创造性解决问题的概念后，我们接着认识产生理念的方法。

Look at this photo. What immediately flows in your mind when you see it?

来看看这张图片，当你看见它时，脑海里立刻浮现了什么?

Try to share your thought with a classmate through WeChat or WhatsApp for a couple of minutes.

试用几分钟的时间，通过微信或WhatsApp与同学分享你的想法。

Did you think both apples were real? I put the apples in front of my one and half years old grandson.

你认为这两个苹果都是真的吗?我把苹果放在一岁半的孙子面前。

Interestingly he picked the small one but did not put it into his mouth. He only opened his mouth for the big one.

有趣的是，尽管他选择了小的，但并没有把它放进嘴里，只有拿到大的苹果他才会张嘴去吃。

I guessed he ought to have associated the small one with his toys which include not only Apple, but also orange, pear, banana etc. They are much smaller than the normal fruits that we eat.

我猜他应该把小的苹果和自己的玩具联系了起来，不只是苹果，还有橘子、梨、香蕉等，它们比平时吃的普通水果小得多。

From this, we can see babies as young as 1.5 years old use association to solve their problems.

从这里，我们可以看到即使仅仅一岁半的小孩子也会使用联想来解决他们的问题。

That’s why we often say potentially we are all creative. The more we know, the more creative we would be.

这便是为什么我们经常说每个人都有创新的潜力。我们知道的越多，创造性也就越强。

Therefore, to enhance our creativity, we must see more, read more, learn more, listen more and exchange more.

因此，为了增强创意，我们必须多看、多读、多学、多听、多交流。

As you may recall, there are two major phases in each step of creative problem solving. They are divergent and convergent Thinking. Ideas are generated from divergent thinking. Some common approaches are brainstorming, mind mapping, catchball and individual idea generation.

你可能还记得，创造性解决问题的每个阶段都有两个步骤。它们分别是发散思维和聚合思维。发散思维可以产生想法，常用的方法是头脑风暴、概念图、接球和产生个人理念。

Before we start generating ideas, we must plan ahead to ensure that we find the right time to do it. If there is a deadline to meet, we can work backward for a timeline.

在我们产生理念前，必须提前制定计划，以确保有合适的时间来实施。如果有截止日期，我们可以倒着制定一个时间表。

As our concentration span is not unlimited, we should confine the idea generation activity to 30 minutes. To maximize its effectiveness and efficiency, we should choose the most conducive time of the day. Try to avoid to generate ideas when you feel tired.

由于我们的注意力持续时间不是无限的，应该把产生理念的活动限制在30分钟内。为了最大限度地发挥其效用和效率，我们应该选择一天中最有利的时间。尽量避免在你感到劳累的时候试图产生理念。

Once we find the time, we need to set the scene. Find a room that is quiet and, if possible, no other meetings will be held there before and after. The lighting should be soft and warm and electronic devices should be switched off to avoid distractions.

在我们找好时间后，接着需要设置场地。如果可能的话，找一个安静的房间，而且前后都没有安排其他会议。灯光最好是柔和温暖的，并关闭电子设备，以免分散注意力。

Having set the scene, we have to prepare the materials for the meeting. All participants should read them before the meeting.

设置好场地后，我们还须准备好会议材料，而且所有参与者应在会议开始前已经仔细阅读。

Now everything is ready. We need to establish the rule of conduct. All participants must respect others in the group, be a good listener and value different points of view. Remember no idea is bad idea. Additional norms can be defined if needed.

现在一切准备就绪。我们需要建立行为准则。所有的参与者必须尊重小组内其他成员，做一个好的倾听者，重视不同的观点。记住没有任何想法是坏的。如果需要，还可以定义其他规范。

With a common goal, new norms can be easily aligned。

有了共同的目标后，新的规则便很容易协调一致。

Let’s look at some commonly used approaches to idea generation.

让我们来看看产生理念的常用方法。

First of all, it’s brainstorming. Brainstorming is a kind of divergent thinking. It helps to gather multitude of possible solutions and its target is quantity, not quality.

首先是头脑风暴法。头脑风暴法是发散思维的一种方式。它有助于收集大量可能的解决方案，目的在于理念的数量，而非质素。

It encourages participants to build on one another’s solution, not latch on the first one. It fits well into initiatives that have high aspiration with a stretch goal.

它鼓励参与者建立基于互相发展的解决方案，而不是依赖于第一个解决方案。它能很好地适应负有远大理想和弹性目标的新方案。

There are four commonly used techniques in brainstorming. They are

头脑风暴有四种常用的技巧。它们分别是

Exploring探索

Visioning展望

Modifying修正

Figuring storming换位风暴

In Exploring, we probe into our understanding, view, feeling, and experience with the task in question.  For example, we ask the participants, “What are your feelings of having to work closely with your competitors?” as a starting point for generating ideas on co-opetition.

对于探索，我们用正在讨论的项目来探索自己的理解、看法、感受和经验。例如，我们问参与者“你对必须与竞争对手紧密合作有什么感受?”，作为提出合作竞争理念的起点。

The second technique, visioning is also used frequently at the beginning of a brainstorming activity.

第二种技巧，展望在头脑风暴活动开始时也经常使用。

We ask the participants to explore the topic in question further. For example, we may ask,“If you are going to provide ‘positive education’, what would it be?” We expect them to ignore constraint and be impractical. We virtually ask,“what ideas would produce the ideal future?”

我们要求参与者进一步探索正在讨论的主题。例如，我们可能会问，“如果你要提供‘积极的教育’，它将是什么样的?”“我们期望他们不受约束、不切实际。事实上我们是在问，“什么样的理念才能创造理想的未来?”

The third brainstorming technique is Modifying.

头脑风暴的第三种技巧是修正。

Typical question would be “what modification or adaptation would you suggest when considering the current situation?”

经典问题是“考虑到目前的情况，你会提议进行什么修改或调适?”

Last but not the least，Figuring storming，It is another commonly deployed technique

最后也是很重要的一点，换位风暴，这是另一种常用的技巧。

It encourages participants to think about how someone else might handle the situation.

它鼓励参与者思考他人可能会如何处理这种情况。

Putting themselves in a new shoe can give the team a different perspective, helping them see the possibilities from fresh ideas. It also frees up ideas that aren't limited to your participants

换个新位置能带给他们不同的视角，帮助他们从新的理念中看到可能性。它还可以解放理念，不局限于参与者自身。

To ensure brainstorming is effective, we need to monitor its progress based on the Idea Generation Checklists.

为了保证头脑风暴法的有效性，我们需要根据理念产生清单来监测其进展。

First, suspend judgment. This is the most important rule.No critical comments should be allowed. Evaluation should be reserved for later.

第一，推迟判断。这是最重要的规则。不应该允许任何批评意见，要保留评价，以后再提出。

Second, think freely. Practical ideas often come from impractical, impossible ones. Some "wild" ideas often turn out to be practical, too.

第二，自由思考。切实可行的理念往往来自不切实际、不可能的想法。一些“疯狂”的理念结果往往是实用的。

Third, tag on - improve, modify, build on the ideas of others.

第三，跟进—改善、修正，基于他人的理念加以建设。

Fourth, quantities of ideas are important - generate a large stock of ideas so that later they can be sifted through.

第四，理念的数量很重要——产生大量的理念，以便稍后可以对它们进行筛选。

There are some practical considerations for the coordinator. For example, the coordinator should keep the session relaxing and playful. Here he should choose a recorder, facilitate everyone to speak, limit the duration, organize the chaos. And also if there is any deviation from rules: Stop and go.

有一些对统筹者很实用的注意事项。例如，统筹者应该让会议保持轻松、有趣。他应该选一名记录者，引导大家、控制发言时间、理清混乱。如果有任何偏离规则的情况:先停止再继续前进。

The second approach for idea generation is Mind Mapping. This approach allows participants to think associatively and visually to develop a map of interconnected ideas.It begins by writing a related keyword or concept. Then participants are asked to add word or phrase to it with free association.

产生理念的第二种方法是概念图。它令参与者使用关联和视觉思考，将相互联系的理念绘制成图。首先写一个有关的关键词或概念，然后参与者按要求用自由联想的方式补充单词或短语。

视频1：

As a person grows old, he or she may have more chronic illnesses.

随着个人年龄增长，他或她可能会患有多种慢性病。

The elderly may have to visit multiple doctors and medical departments, also receiving multiple medications resulting in Polypharmacy. Polypharmacy can cause confusion increasing the risk of adverse effects. This is when community pharmacists can help.

老人可能不得不看多个医生和专科，并接受多种药物治疗，这就导致了多重用药。多重用药可引起混淆，增加不良反应的风险。这时社区药剂师就可以帮上忙了。

Here we have Mrs. Chen who is an elderly living alone in the community. She has multiple chronic illnesses that need treatments.

我们社区有一位独居的老人陈女士。她患有多种慢性病，而且需要治疗。

She visits Doctor Chen from the cardiac department for her heart and blood pressure medications.

她就诊于心血管科的陈医生，医生给她开治疗心脏及血压的药物。

She also has arthritis when she visits her general practitioner who will give her anti-inflammatory injection and pain medications.

她同时还患有关节炎。当她去看全科医生时，医生亦会给她注射消炎药和止痛药。

Not only that she also attends the diabetes clinic and receives multiple medications for her diabetes.

不仅如此，她还去糖尿病诊所，接受多种降糖药。

She often suffers from insomnia and anxiety as well, requiring visit to the psychiatric clinic for treatment.

她也经常失眠和焦虑，需要去精神病诊所治疗。

As a result, Mrs. Chen has ended up with a big pile of medications leaving her very confused and more anxious.

结果，陈太太最后吃了一大堆药，这让她很困惑，也更加焦虑了。

Having added some related key words, the coordinator and participants would connect the ideas by drawing lines. Colour coding is used to denote actions, ideas, doubts etc. When ideas seem to run out, the team would discuss the concepts in the map.

补充了相关的关键词后，统筹者和参与者将相关的理念画条线连在一起。将颜色编码用于表示动作、理念、疑问等。当理念似乎用尽时，团队将围着图中的概念讨论。

The following picture shows the concepts related to cities and health. The concepts were shared by two speakers and the participants in a seminar. A recorder worked closely with them and drew the concept map real-time.

下图展示了与城市、健康相关的概念，这是一次研讨会中的两位演讲者与参与者分享的概念，一位记录者密切配合他们，实时绘制出了这个概念图。

The concept map follows was the work of a teacher in a school of public health. The teacher used concept mapping to guide students to explore “what contributes to health?”

下面的概念图出自一名公共卫生学院的老师，这位老师使用概念图来引导学生探索“什么有助于健康?”

The third approach is catchball. This is particularly useful for those who have already had one or two ideas to start with. There are two goals:

One, to improve on an existing idea

Two, to gain buy-in among participants

第三种方法是接球。对已经有一两个理念的人而言，这种方法尤其有用。它有两个目标:

一、改进现有的理念

二、获得参与者的积存

To start off, participant A tosses the initial idea to B. B catches the ball which is the idea and needs to show understanding to the ball, reflect on it and improve on it in some way. Then B tosses the modified idea to C, and so on and so forth.

开始时，参与者A将原始理念抛给B。B接住球 - 即就是那个理念，需要表达对球的理解，并进行反思，接着用某些方式来改进它。然后B把修正后的理念抛给C，以此类推。

There is a drawback. It pushes to narrow down ideas rather than generating ideas.

它有一个缺点，它促使理念的范围缩小，而不是不停产生理念。

The fourth one is Individual Idea Generation. This is a hybrid way which starts with an initial individual exploration. The coordinator goes round to clarify issues when needed. To facilitate posting, sticky notes are used.

第四种方法是产生个人理念。这是一种混合的方式，它开始于个人最初的探索。统筹者在需要时出来澄清问题。为方便发布，可以使用便利贴。

A participant collects all the notes and puts them on the board. All participants are invited to re-arrange the ideas on the board. Then, they write down their comment and discuss.

一名参与者先把所有的记录收集起来并贴在黑板上，然后请所有参加者重新整理排列黑板上的理念。接着写下他们的评论和讨论。

The idea generation approaches and techniques presented are by far the most common ones to use. They are not difficult to learn but takes time to master.

刚刚所提出的产生理念的方法和技巧是目前最为常用的。它们并不难学，但需要时间去掌握。

Let’s hear what Jack Ma recommended how we should educate our children for the future.

让我们听听马云是怎么建议我们应该如何教育孩子以面对未来。

视频2：

What‘s LQ, and why do you need it to survive?

什么是LQ，为什么你需要它来生存？

Let Jack Ma explain.

让马云来解释一下。

We should teach our kids the EQ, IQ and LQ.

我们应该教孩子EQ、IQ和LQ。

The LQ is the “Q” of love, which I strongly believe that, if you want to be successful, you should have IQ and EQ.

LQ是爱商。我坚信，如果你想要成功，就应该有智商和情商。

But if you want to be respected, if you want to survive in the next 30 years, you should teach our kids the “Q” of love, of care for others.

但如果你想要被人尊重，想在未来30年继续生存下去，你应该教孩子们爱商，关心他人的商数。

In this way, you can survive.

只有这样，你才能生存下来。

Wisdom, not muscles

智慧，而非肌肉

The first technology revolution released the human body.

第一次科技革命释放了人类的身体。

We knew machines were more powerful than human beings.

我们知道机器比人类更强大。

The second technology revolution released the human distance.

第二次科技革命释放了人类的距离。 

So the planes and the trains all go.

所以飞机和火车都开动了。

But this technology revolution released the human brain.

但这次科技革命释放了人类的大脑。

People start to compete by wisdom, by knowledge, not by muscles.

人们开始通过智慧和知识而非肌肉来竞争。

China’s growth secret

中国发展的秘诀

People say “What’s the secret that makes China grows so fast?”

人们问，“让中国快速发展的秘诀是什么？”

One of the things is we Chinese have learned very much in the past thirty years.

其中一个原因是我们中国人在过去三十年学习了很多。

We learned a lot about America.

我们学习了很多有关美国的知识。

If today, you go to New York, pick up 100 Americans on the street.

如果今天你去纽约，在大街上找100个美国人.

How many of them can speak more than 10 Chinese words?

他们中有多少人能够讲超过10个中文字？

Very few.

很少。

If you’re in Beijing, Shanghai, you grasp 100 young people.

如果你在北京、上海，抓100个年轻人出来。

How many of them can speak more than 20 English words？

他们中有多少人能够讲超过20个英文字？

80 of them

80人。

When you’re open-minded, when you learn from others, you make progress.

当你思想开放，向他人学习时，你就会取得进步。

How to future-proof our kids

如何保证我们孩子能面向未来

What I worry a lot is that today, a lot of knowledge-based things, computers can do better than men.

我很担心的是，今天很多以知识为基础的事情，计算机可以做得比人更好。

We should not teach our kids to do the things computers can do better.

我们不应该教孩子做那些计算机可以做得更好的事情。

The thing worries me is not about technology.

让我担忧的不是科技。

The thing that worries me is that how can we train and educate our kids in a way that 20 or 30 years later, they can do things that computers cannot do.

让我担忧的是，我们该如何训练和教育孩子，能让他们可以在20或30年后，做那些计算机无法做到的事情。

So you should teach our kids creative things, innovative things, team sports, culture.

所以你应该教孩子有创意的事物、创新的事物、团队运动和文化等。

These are creative things machines cannot do better.

这些有创意的事物机器无法做得更好。

And I don’t think technology is going to conquer people, because people have souls, we have values, beliefs, which machine does not have.

而且我不认为科技会征服人类,因为人有灵魂，我们有价值观、信仰，而机器没有。

You may have noticed that all approaches involve more than one participant. For idea generation, a team is necessary and essential. We need the contribution of everyone.  As we often say, the whole is greater than the sum of the parts.

您可能已经注意到，所有方法都包含不止一个参与者。对于理念的产生，团队是必不可少的。我们需要每个人的贡献。正如我们常说的，整体大于部分之和。

Thank You!

谢谢！