Commentary资料文件与下载

COMMENTARY 说明

Your second to last reading is the article, "Social Impact Assessments of Large Dams Throughout the World: Lessons Learned over Two Decades," by Dominique Égré & Pierre Senécal, two practitioners with many years of experience conducting SIAs for large infrastructure projects. They review SIA lessons from their experiences with mega-dam projects in China, Turkey, and Colombia.

你的导数第二篇阅读是《世界上大型水坝的社会影响评估：20多年来的经验教训》，作者多米尼克•埃格雷和皮埃尔•塞内卡尔是两名从事大型基础设施项目多年经验的实践者。他们从自己在中国、土耳其和哥伦比亚的大型水坝项目中汲取经验教训。

Throughout this course you have learned how large-scale real estate projects will almost always result in some combination of positive and negative environmental and social impacts. One of the main reasons for carrying out assessments is to ensure that potential impacts are identified ahead of time so that steps can be taken to minimize or mitigate adverse impacts while ensuring that positive impacts are maximized. Assessments put reliable information into the hands of all relevant stakeholders, so they can participate in regulatory decisions regarding proposed development.

在这门课中，你已经了解到，大型房地产项目几乎总会导致一些积极和消极的环境和社会影响。进行评估的主要原因之一是确保提前确定潜在的影响，以便采取措施尽量减少或减轻不利影响，同时确保最大限度地发挥积极影响。评估将可靠的信息交给所有相关的利益相关者，这样他们就可以参与有关提出发展方向的监管决策。

Most countries require some form of SIA for large-scale projects, either separately or as part of required EIAs.  As you might imagine, there are many factors that can influence the effectiveness of efforts to identify and evaluate potential social impacts. The state-of-the-art of SIA is still somewhat undeveloped.

大多数国家对大型项目都需要某种形式的SIA，或者单独或作为必要的EIA的一部分。正如你所想象的，有许多因素会影响识别和评估潜在社会影响的工作效果。SIA的水平尚不发达。

Reflection questions 回答问题:

1.   What does the case tell you about the challenges and value of carrying out social impact assessment for high profile or controversial projects 从案例中，你对高知名度或有争议的项目进行社会影响评估的挑战和价值有什么认识?

2.   What parallels do you see between the likely social impacts of these dam projects and the social impacts of large-scale real estate development? Which of the lessons Egre and Senecal highlight would be most relevant in the real estate field 你认为这些大坝项目的社会影响和大规模房地产开发的社会影响之间有什么相似之处？埃格雷和塞内卡尔的教训与房地产领域关心最大的是什么?

3.   Can you identify connections between the challenges of effective SIA identified here and the institutional conditions for socially responsible corporate behavior proposed by Campbell 你能找出在这里说的有效SIA的挑战和坎贝尔提出的社会责任公司行为的制度条件之间的联系吗?

4.   Can an SIA or EIA be considered effective if it does not result in changes in project design 如果SIA或EIA没有导致项目设计的改变，是否会被认为是有效的?