时态、主谓一致、被动语态在线视频

大家好 我是孙老师

很高兴见到你们

今天我们一起来学习被动语态

同学们好

今天我们讲解被动语态

本节主要讲解了主动语态

与被动语态的区别

不同时态的被动语态的以及例句应用

重点是如何判断使用被动语态

以及不同时态的被动语态呈现

难点是哪些特殊情况不需要被动语态

一：英语的谓语动词有两种语态

主动语态和被动语态

主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者

被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者

We speak English.

We 主语 speak 谓语（vt.） English宾语

变成被动语句

English is spoken by us.

English主语 is spoken谓语 by us 宾语

在汉语中常常用

“被”“给”“由”“受”等词用来表示

英语中用

助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词构成

When can we use the passive voice

我们什么时候用被动语态呢

1.不知道动作的执行者是谁

或没有必要指出动作的执行者时

比如

My bike was stolen last night.

昨晚我的自行车被偷了

Letters are collected at eight every morning.

信件每天早晨八点收取

2.为了强调或突出动作的承受者时

会用被动语态

The desk was made by Master Wang.

这张课桌是王师傅做的

The bag was taken away by his sister.

那个包是她姐姐提走的

举例

1. We clean the classroom every day.

我们每天打扫教室。

The classroom is cleaned by us every day.

教室我们每天都打扫。

2.They make shoes in that factory.

他们在那家工厂做鞋。

Shoes are made by them in that factory.

鞋子是他们在那家工厂做的

3. People plant trees in Spring.

人们在春天种树

Trees are planted by people in Spring.

树是人们在春天种的

4.His mother usually washes dishes after dinner.

他妈妈通常晚饭后洗碗

变成被动句

Dishes are usually washed by his mother after dinner.

晚饭后碗通常是他妈妈洗

5.More and more people speak Chinese in the world.

世界上越来越多的人说汉语。

Chinese is spoken by more

and more people in the world.

世界上讲汉语的人越来越多

二、被动语态的时态

人称和数的变化

主要体现在be的变化上

其形式与系动词be的变化形式完全一样

以 give 为例

列表如下

一般现在时am / is / are + done

一般过去时：was / were + done

一般将来时

shall / will + be done (is/are going to be done)

过去将来时

should / would + be done

现在进行时：am / is / are + being + done

过去进行时：was / were + being + done

过去完成时: had + been + done

将来完成时：shall / will + have been + done

三、常见时态中的被动语态

1. 一般现在时：

比如

(1)People grow rice in the south of the country.

人们在这个国家的南部种植水稻

变成被动句

Rice is grown in the south of the country.

这个国家的南部种植水稻

(2)The school doesn't allow us to enter

the library without a teacher.

学校不允许我们

在没有老师的情况下进入图书馆

We are not allowed to enter the library without a teacher.

没有老师我们不被允许进图书馆

2. 一般过去时

比如

(1)My cousin bought a book yesterday.

我表弟昨天买了一本书

变成被动句

The book was bought by my cousin yesterday.

这本书是我表弟昨天买的

(2) She designed the fashion clothes.

她设计了时装

变成被动句

The fashion clothes were designed by her.

时装是她设计的

(3) They didn’t speak English after class.

他们下课后不说英语

English wasn’t spoken by them after class.

不说英语是他们下课后的事

3. 一般将来时：

(1)Her parents will send her abroad .

她的父母将送她出国

She will be sent abroad by her parents.

她将由父母送出国

(2)We are going to hold a sports meeting tomorrow.

我们明天要开运动会

变成被动句

A sports meeting is going to be hold tomorrow.

明天将举行运动会

4. 现在进行时的被动语态

比如

(1)They are doing their homework on the computer now.

他们现在正在电脑上做作业

变成被动句

Their homework is being done on the computer now.

他们的家庭作业正在电脑上完成

(2)We are painting the rooms.

我们正在粉刷房间

变成被动句

The rooms are being painted by us.

这个房间正被我们粉刷

5.过去进行时

比如

(1)The workers were mending the road at 7 yesterday.

昨天7点他们正在修路

The road was being mended at 7 yesterday.

昨天7点正在修路

(2)This time last year we were planting trees here.

去年这个时候我们在这里种树

变成被动句

Trees were being planted here this time last year.

去年这个时候树正在被种

6.现在完成时

比如

(1)Someone has told me the sports meeting might be put off.

有人告诉我运动会可能推迟

变成被动句

I have been told the sports meeting might be put off.

我被告知运动会可能推迟

(2)He has brought his book here.

他把书带来了

变成被动句

His book has been brought here.

他的书被他带来了

四、 含有情态动词的被动语态

含有情态动词的被动语态

是由情态动词+ be+ 以及物动词的过去分词构成

比如

(1)You must hand in your articles after class.

你必须在课后交论文

变成被动句

Your articles must be handed in after class.

你的文章必须在课后交上来

(2)He can write many letters with the computer.

他能用电脑写很多信

变成被动句

Many letters can be written with the computer by him.

很多信可以通过他在电脑上写

五、不用被动语态的几种情况

第一种情况

不及物动词（或者词组）没有被动语态

比如：belong to, happen, take place,

last, come true, die, arrive, 等。

*Great changes have taken place in this city.

这个城市发生了巨大的变化

又如

*That bike doesn’t belong to Mike.

那辆自行车不是迈克的

都不用被动语态

第二种情况

表示静态的及物动词不用被动语态

比如

have / fit / own

I have a TV set

我有一台电视机

The coat fist me well.

这件外套很适合我

这里的适合和有都不用被动语态

第三种情况

祈使句一般没有被动语态

比如

【正】Look at the blackboard，please

请看黑板。

一般不说

【误】The blackboard is looked at by you．

另外还有主动形式表被动意义

比如

①感官系动词没有被动语态

feel，look, seem, taste, sound, smell等

The fish tastes good.鱼味道很好

The scarf feels soft。

这条围巾摸上去很软

都不需要被动语态

今天的课就到这里

大家再见