2.2 The Thrones Part A在线视频

Hi, in this episode,
嗨 在这一集里

we will look at those famous kings and queens
我们来了解在英国历史上

in the British history.
那些著名的国王和王后

Part 1 Alfred the Great
第一部分阿尔弗雷德大帝

From the 5th century,
从5世纪开始

with the settlement of the Anglo-Saxons
日耳曼部落的

from the Germanic tribes,
盎格鲁-撒克逊人的定居

the British history enters the Anglo-Saxons period.
标志着英国进入盎格鲁-撒克逊历史时期

The Anglo-Saxons period includes the creation
英国在盎格鲁-撒克逊时期完成了

of the English nation,
国家的建立

and it is also the history of national identity.
这也是一段关于国家身份确立的历史

There were seven kingdoms:
这段时期有七个王国

Northumbria, Mercia, East Anglia, Essex, Kent,
诺森布里亚 梅西亚 东盎格鲁 埃塞克斯 肯特

Sussex, and Wessex.
苏塞克斯和威塞克斯

While Alfred, King of Wessex from 871 to 899，
公元871年至899年 威塞克斯的国王

he successfully defended his kingdom
阿尔弗雷德成功地保卫了自己的王国

against the Viking attempt at conquest,
抵御了维京人的侵略占领

and by the time of his death,
在他去世之前

he had become the dominant ruler in England.
他已成为英格兰的统治者

The process of creating a single,
建立一个唯一

unified kingdom of England could be said
且统一的英格兰王国的过程

have been achieved by Athelstan of Wessex,
可以说是由威塞克斯的阿瑟斯坦完成的

while the initial groundwork had been laid down by Alfred
而最初的基础是阿尔弗雷德

nearly a century ago.
在将近一个世纪前奠定的

Alfred the Great is not just an ordinary king.
阿尔弗雷德大帝不仅仅是一位普通的国王

He is one of the two English monarchs
英国有两位君主被授予大帝的称号

to be given the epithet “the Great”.
而他就是其中一位

In the long list of rulers in our human history,
在我们人类历史上的统治者中

only a few are given this title,
只有少数人被授予这个称号

such as Alexander the Great and Caesar the Great.
例如亚历山大大帝和凯撒大帝

Since the Norman Conquest in 1066,
自从1066年诺曼征服以来

House of Norman was established and replaced
诺曼王朝建立 并且最后

by other names in time.
被别的王朝替代

Up till now, England has been ruled by the following houses.
到目前为止 英格兰曾经被以下列家族统治

House of Norman
诺曼王朝

House of Anjou
安茹王朝

House of Lancaster
兰开斯特王朝

House of York
约克王朝

House of Tudor
都铎王朝

House of Stewart
斯图亚特王朝

House of Hannover
汉诺威王朝

The House of Windsor
温莎王朝

For those kings and queens in England,
对于那些英国的国王和王后

most of them have been given nicknames, such as
他们中的大多数都有绰号 例如

King William I
威廉国王一世

the Conqueror
征服者

King Henry II
亨利二世国王

Curtmantle
短斗篷

King John
约翰王

John Lackland
无地王约翰

King Richard I
理查德一世

Coeur de Lion
狮子心

King Edward I
爱德华一世

Long Shank
长腿爱德华

Queen Mary I
玛丽女王一世

the Bloody
血腥玛丽

Elizabeth I
伊丽莎白一世

the Virgin Queen
童贞女王

Do any of those names sound familiar to you?
这些名字你听起来熟悉吗？

In this episode we will look at three rulers,
在这一集中 我们将了解三个统治者

one is not English;
一位不是英国人

one had many wives all his life,
一位一生有很多妻子

the last stayed single all her life.
最后一位单身了一辈子

Part 2 William the Conqueror
第二部分征服者威廉

1066, after the Conquest,
在诺曼底征服之后

the first job William had to do was to
1066年威廉要做的第一件事就是

conquer the English thoroughly,
彻底征服英国

and that was a hard job for any man.
这对任何一个人来说都是一份艰苦的差事

He burnt and plundered many towns,
他烧毁并掠夺了许多城镇

and he destroyed innumerable lives.
他杀害了无数的生命

At last, the archbishop of Canterbury
最后 坎特伯雷大主教

with other people came to submit to him.
带领其他人一起向他屈服

On Christmas day,
在圣诞节这一天

William was crowned in Westminster Abbey,
威廉在威斯敏斯特教堂加冕

under the title William the First.
成为威廉一世

It was a strange coronation.
这是一个奇怪的加冕仪式

There were two bishops.
仪式上有两个主教

One spoke French, the other spoke English.
一个说法语 另一个说英语

The French �speaking bishop asked the Normans
讲法语的主教问诺曼人

if they would have Duke William for their king.
他们是否愿意让威廉公爵成为他们国王

The other asked the same to the Saxons in English,
另一个用英语问撒克逊人同样的问题

and they answered Yes, with a loud shout.
他们大声回答道 是的

This noise was heard by the Norman guards outside,
外面的诺曼卫兵听到了这个回答

and they mistaken for resistance on the part of the English.
他们误以为是英国人的反抗

Then they set fire to the neighboring houses,
然后他们放火烧了附近的房子

and a tumult ensued;
引起一阵骚动

in the midst of which the King,
在这过程中

being left alone in the Abbey and was hurriedly crowned.
国王被单独留在了修道院里 匆忙加冕

What is got by force must be maintained by force.
用武力取得的东西必须靠武力来维持

The Norman nobles built castles all over England
诺曼贵族在英国各地建造城堡

to defend their new property;
来保卫他们的新财产

and do what he would,
不管做什么

the king could neither soothe
安抚百姓 抑或镇压

nor quell the nation as he wished.
国王都无法如愿

But, even with his own Normans, he had a restless life.
即使有了自己的子民 他也过着一种不安的生活

They were always hungering
贵族们总是对英国的财产

and thirsting for the riches of the English,
虎视眈眈

and the more he gave, the more they wanted.
他们变得贪得无厌

Besides all these troubles,
除了这些麻烦

William the Conqueror was troubled
征服者威廉也为

by the constant quarrel of his sons too.
家里孩子们之间不断的争吵而烦恼

He had three sons.
他有三个儿子

Robert, called Curthose, because of his short legs;
罗伯特 因为他的腿很短 就叫柯丽斯

William, called Rufus or the RED, from the colour of his hair,
威廉 被称为鲁弗斯或红色 因为他的头发的颜色

and Henry, fond of learning, and called Fine�Scholar.
和亨利 因为喜欢学习 被称为优秀的学者

In 1087, William fell ill after solving the trouble
1087年 威廉在解决他的儿子罗伯特

of his son Robert brought him,
带来的问题后病倒了

and he died on the 9th of that September.
于9月9日去世

The moment he was dead, his physicians,
在他死去的那一刻

priests and nobles hastened away,
他的医生 祭司和贵族们都匆匆而离

each man for himself and his property,
每个人惦记着自己和他的财产

the body of the king was lay alone, for hours,
而任国王的躯体倒在地上

upon the ground.
几个小时

Even at the funeral, the body was not at rest.
即使在葬礼上 尸体也没有被妥当安放

The tomb was too small,and they tried to forced it in.
坟墓太小了 而他们试图塞进去

it broke.
最后它破了

For the third time, William was left alone.
这是威廉是第三次被单独留下

The conqueror, of whom so many names are proud now,
征服者 现在有这么多人引以为豪

of whom so many names thought nothing then,
而许多人当时对他都不以为然

it were better to have conquered one true heart,
没有一个真正爱你的人

than England!
赢了世界又如何