Unit 12 New Zealand在线视频

Unit 12 New Zealand

Hi, in the last unit,
嗨，在最后一个单元

we will look at another English-speaking country
我们来看看另一个英语国家

in the south hemisphere,
她位于南半球

a neighbour of Australia, New Zealand.
是澳大利亚的邻居，新西兰

New Zealand,
新西兰

an island country in the South Pacific Ocean,
是南太平洋的一个岛国

the southwesternmost part of Polynesia.
位于波利尼西亚的最西南端

New Zealand is a remote land
新西兰是一片偏僻的土地

one of the last sizable territories
是最后一块

suitable for habitation
适合居住的

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to be populated and settled.
领土之一

The country has slightly less surface area
这个国家的地表面积略低于12

than the U.S. state of Colorado
美国科罗拉多州

and a little more than the United Kingdom.
略高于英国

About two-thirds of the land
剩下的大约三分之二的土地

is economically useful,
是经济可用的

the remainder being mountainous.
其余均为山区

The country comprises two main islands
该国由两个主要岛屿

the North and South islands
北岛和南岛

and a number of small islands.
以及一些小岛屿组成

The capital city is Wellington
首都是惠灵顿

and the largest urban area is Auckland;
最大的城市是奥克兰

both are located on the North Island.
两者都位于北岛

New Zealand is a land of great contrasts
新西兰是一个有着地域

and diversity.
巨大差异和多样性的国家

There are active volcanoes,
那里有活火山

spectacular caves, deep glacier lakes,
壮观的洞穴，深邃的冰川湖泊

long sandy beaches,
长长的沙滩

and the spectacular snow-capped peaks
以及南岛壮观的白雪皑皑的

of the Southern Alps on the South Island,
南阿尔卑斯山山峰

these all contribute to New Zealand's scenic beauty.
这些都增添了新西兰的秀丽

New Zealand
新西兰

also has a unique array of vegetation
还有一系列独特的植被

and animal life,
和动物物种

much of which developed during the country's
其中大部分是在新西兰漫长的一段

prolonged isolation.
与世隔绝中发展起来的

It is the sole home of the long-beaked,
新西兰是几维鸟的唯一家园

flightless kiwi.
它长喙却不会飞行

Contemporary New Zealand
当代新西兰的

has a majority of people of European origin,
大多数人拥有欧洲血统

a significant minority of Maori,
还有少数的毛利人

and smaller numbers of people
以及少数来自太平洋岛屿

from Pacific islands and Asia.
和亚洲的人

In the early 21st century,
21世纪初

Asians were the fastest-growing
亚洲人成为人口增长

demographic group.
最快的群体

While Maori are the indigenous people
毛利人是新西兰的

of New Zealand,
土著

and their story is both long and intriguing.
他们的故事既漫长又耐人寻味

History
历史

No precise archaeological records exist
目前还没有确切的考古记录

of when and from where
能说明新西兰

the first human inhabitants of New Zealand came,
第一批人类在何时从何地来

but it is generally agreed that Polynesians
但人们普遍认为

in the central Pacific reached New Zealand
在13世纪初

in the early 13th century.
太平洋中部的波利尼西亚人到达了新西兰。

The first European to arrive in New Zealand
第一个到达新西兰的欧洲人

was the Dutch explorer Abel Tasman in 1642.
是荷兰探险家阿贝尔塔斯曼

That is how they got the Dutch-sounding name
他在1642年到达新西兰

from a Dutch mapmaker
这位地图绘制者给新西兰起了一个荷兰名字

who first called them Nieuw Zealand.
他称它为纽欧新西兰

A surprisingly long time passed
令人惊讶的是

127 years - before New Zealand
127年过后

was visited by another European, Captain
新西兰才迎来了另一名欧洲人

James Cook.
詹姆斯·库克

He came in 1769 on the first of three voyages.
他在1769年进行了三次航行，第一次来到这片土地

European whalers and sealers started visiting
接着欧洲捕鲸船和海豹捕鲸船开始陆续来临

regularly and then came traders.
随之而来的是商人

By the 1830s,
到19世纪30年代

the British government was being pressured
英国政府迫于压力

to curb lawlessness in the country.
要遏制岛内的无法无天的状态

Maori came under increasing
毛利人受到来自欧洲定居者

pressure from European settlers
越来越大的压力

to sell their land for settlement.
被要求出售定居的土地

This led to conflict and, in the 1860s,
这导致了两者的冲突

war broke out in the North Island.
在19世纪60年代，北岛爆发了战争

Much Maori land was confiscated
持续20年的战争开始后

or bought during or after 20 years of war.
许多毛利人的土地被没收或被收购

With time goes by,
随着时间的流逝

people there were also increasingly conscious
当地的人们的民族主义

of their own nationalism.
越来越强烈

In 1901, they declined the chance
1901年，他们拒绝了

to join the Australian Federation.
加入澳大利亚联邦的机会

Instead,
在1907年

New Zealand became an independent 'dominion'
新西兰在成为一个

in 1907.
独立的“自治领地”

Government and Economy
政府和经济

Today, New Zealand
今天

has a constitutional monarchy system
新西兰实行

of government,
君主立宪制

and the chief of state is Queen Elizabeth II.
国家元首是伊丽莎白女王二世

Unlike most countries,
与大多数国家不同

New Zealand has no written constitution.
新西兰没有成文宪法

And unlike the UK, USA, Australia, Canada
不像英国，美国、澳大利亚、加拿大

and many other countries,
和其他许多国家

New Zealand does not have state
新西兰没有州政府

or provincial governments.
或省政府

So the system of government
因此，政府制度

is more compact and straightforward.
更加紧凑和直截了当

There are just two tiers
新西兰只有

of government in New Zealand
两级政府

Central government and Local government.
-中央政府和地方政府

Central government makes decisions
中央政府作出

affecting New Zealand as a whole.
针对整个国家的事务做决定

Local government
地方政府

looks after the interests and needs
在宗教、城市或区议会

of specific communities
的层面照顾特定群体

through regional, city or district councils.
的需要和利益

The governor general represents
总督代表女王

the sovereignty of New Zealand
在新西兰行使主权

and is the commander-in-chief of the country.
是新西兰的最高领袖

They are appointed by the queen
总督由女王在

upon advice from the prime minister.
首相的建议下任命

The Prime Minister and Cabinet ministers
首相和内阁部长

exercise the executive powers of the New Zealand
行使新西兰政府的

government.
行政权力

New Zealand's economy is developed,
新西兰经济发达

but it is comparatively small
但在全球市场上

in the global marketplace.
占比例相对较小

It has one of the most globalised economies
新西兰是世界经济最全球化的国家之一

and depends greatly on international trade
经济也在很大程度上依赖于国际贸易

mainly with Australia,
主要是与澳大利亚

the European Union and the United States.
欧盟和美国的贸易

New Zealand is a big exporter of food products,
新西兰是食品的主要出口国

namely skim milk powder,
主要出口产品有脱脂奶粉

fresh sheep meat, and frozen beef.
鲜羊肉和冷冻牛肉

Society and Culture
社会与文化

New Zealand's cultural influences
新西兰的文化影响

are predominantly European
主要来自于欧洲

and Maori. Immigrant groups
和毛利人。移民群体

have generally tended to assimilate
通常倾向于

into the European lifestyle,
融入欧洲生活方式

although traditional customs are still followed
尽管传统习俗仍在许多

by many Pacific peoples.
太平洋民族中延续

Maori culture suffered greatly
毛利人的文化

in the years of colonization
在殖民时代

and into the 20th century,
和进入20世纪时遭受了极大的破坏

and many Maori were torn between the pressure
许多毛利人在

to assimilate
同化的压力

and the desire to preserve their own culture.
和保护本族传统文化的欲望之间纠结

However, since the 1950s
然而自20世纪五十年代以来

there has been a cultural renaissance,
出现了毛利文化的文化复兴

with a determined effort to preserve and revive
人们决心维护和恢复

artistic and social traditions.
民族的艺术和社会传统

The Maori culture has seen
毛利人文化

a renaissance in wood carving and weaving
在木雕、编织以及建造

and in the construction of carved
和装饰的会议厅

and decorated meeting houses.
方面出现了复兴

Maori waiata and dances
毛利人的歌曲和舞蹈

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have become increasingly popular,
在人们当中，尤其是在年轻人

especially among the young.
中越来越受欢迎

Waves of immigrants have also brought
移民潮也带来了

different cultures
不同的文化

that are celebrated in a variety of ways
以各种方式庆祝

for example, in annual festivals
例如，每年都会

such as the Chinese Lantern Festival
庆祝如中国元宵节

and Lunar New Year
和农历新年和印度节日

and the Indian festival Diwali.
排灯节等民族节日。

New Zealand celebrates
新西兰庆祝

a number of national public holidays.
许多国家公共假日

Waitangi Day—February 6,
1840年的2月6日

the anniversary of the signing of the Treaty
新西兰签署了《怀唐依条约》

of Waitangi in 1840
这一天成为了

is considered the country's national day.
新西兰的国庆

Another public holiday is ANZAC Day
另一个公共假日是澳新军团日

on April 25,
在1915年4月25日

the day in 1915
新西兰和澳大利亚军队

when New Zealand and Australian forces
在土耳其加利波利半岛登陆

name ANZAC landed at the Gallipoli Peninsula
开始了

in Turkey
第一次世界大战的

and began one of the iconic battles of World War I.
标志性战役之一

This holiday honours those who have served
这个节日纪念

in New Zealand's military forces,
那些曾在新西兰军队服役的人

especially those killed in war.
特别是那些在战争中光荣牺牲的战士

Sports are the main leisure-time
体育运动是大多数人
　　

activity of more than half the population.
主要的休闲活动

There is widespread participation
多数主要运动项目

in most major sports,
尤其是橄榄球

particularly rugby football,
得到了广泛的参与

which is played by both men's and women's teams.
打橄榄球队的既有男性又有女性

The climate and the variety of terrain
气候和地形的变化使得

allow for year-round activity in many sports.
许多运动全年都能进行

Mountaineering and hiking
登山和远足是

are popular outdoor activities.
很受欢迎的户外活动

New Zealand has a very unique and dynamic culture.
新西兰有一个非常独特和充满活力的国家

The culture of its indigenous Maori people
土著毛利人的文化

affects the language, the arts,
影响了新西兰人的语言、艺术

and even the accents of all New Zealanders.
甚至口音

Their place in the South Pacific,
他们在南太平洋的位置

and their love of the outdoors, sport,
他们对户外运动

and the arts make New Zealanders
和艺术的热爱使新西兰人

and their culture unique in the world.
及其文化在世界上独树一帜

Did you know?
你知道吗

Very high sheep-to-human ratio
很高的羊与人的比例

There are roughly 4 million people in New Zealand,
在新西兰大约有400万人

and about 30 million sheep.
大约有3000万只羊

Because of the large number of sheep,
因为有大量的羊

you can find lamb and mutton
你几乎可以在任何菜单上找到羊肉

on just about any menu in New Zealand
甚至新西兰的

including the one at Subway' s sandwiches.
赛百味菜单上也有羊肉三明治

A country of the first
第一个国家

the country was the first to give women
在1893年

the right to vote in 1893 in the world.
这个国家是世界上第一个赋予妇女选举权的国家

New Zealand has 3 official languages
新西兰有三种官方语言

While English
英语是新西兰的主要语言

is the predominant language spoken in New Zealand
毛利语和手语

Maori and sign language
也是新西兰

are also its official languages.
的官方语言

Kiwis, kiwis, and kiwis
Kiwis，Kiwis和Kiwis

The word “kiwi”
在新西兰

refers to three different things in New Zealand.
“kiwi”指的是三种不同的事物

First, the nocturnal flightless bird.
首先它可以是夜间出动的不会飞的鸟，几维鸟

And the people of New Zealand
然后新西兰人民

have also been nicknamed “Kiwis.”
也被戏称为“Kiwis”

Lastly, there's the kiwi fruit,
最后还可以指代这里的奇异果

which you'll find all over New Zealand,
你可以在新西兰各地找到这种水果

even though technically the fruit came from China!
尽管严格来说，奇异果来自于中国的猕猴桃！