6.1 Hollywood在线视频

Hi, everyone.
大家好

What will you think of when you come across
当提到“好莱坞”这个词的时候

the word “Hollywood”.
你会想到什么

Well, it may remind you those blockbusters
你也许会想到那些美国大片

such as the X-men, Jurassic World or Titanic.
比如《X战警》、《侏罗纪世界》或《泰坦尼克号》

You may think of those super stars
你可能会想到那些演技出色

with amazing acting skill
的影坛巨星

such Johnny Depp, Leonardo DiCaprio
比如约翰尼·德普、莱昂纳多·迪卡普里奥

and Anne Hathaway.
或安妮·海瑟薇

Or, it is a place where dream is created for you.
或者，这是一个为你造梦的地方

In fact, Hollywood is a neighborhood
实际上，好莱坞是一个位于

in the central region of Los Angeles, California.
加利福尼亚洛杉矶中心地区的社区

The neighborhood is notable for its place
这个社区以其身为美国电影工业摇篮

as the home of the U.S. film industry,
的地位而闻名世界

including several of its historic studios.
许多历史上著名的电影制片厂就在这里

Its name has come to be a metonym
好莱坞也因此成了

for the motion picture industry of the United States.
美国电影工业的代名词

Hollywood is also a highly ethnically diverse,
好莱坞还是一个种族多样

densely populated,
人口稠密

economically diverse neighborhood
经济多元的社区

and retail business district.
和零售商业区

Hollywood was a small community in 1870
好莱坞是一个成立于1870年的小型社区

and was incorporated as a municipality in 1903.
它在1903年并入市区

It officially merged with the city of Los Angeles in 1910,
1910年，好莱坞正式与洛杉矶市合并

and soon thereafter
此后不久

a prominent film industry began to emerge,
一个杰出的电影产业开始萌芽

eventually becoming the most recognizable film industry
并最终成长为世界知名的

in the world.
电影产业

Part 2 Early History of Hollywood
第2部分 好莱坞早期历史

Perhaps no other place on earth evokes
世界上也许再没有其他地区能像

the same air of show-business magic and glamour.
好莱坞那样拥有吸引娱乐业的魔力或魅力

The legend of Hollywood began in the early 20th century
好莱坞的传说始于二十世纪初

and is an earmark
同时也是

of modern American society rich in history
使现代美国社会富于历史感与创造力的

and innovation.
一个代表

The origin of movies and motion pictures
电影和动画

began in the late 19th century,
起源于十九世纪末

with the invention of “motion toys”
伴随着一种专门设计为

designed to trick the eye into seeing an illusion of motion
使眼睛从快速连续的静止画面中看到运动画面

from a display of still frames in quick succession,
的“运动玩具”而产生

such as the thaumatrope and the zoetrope.
例如魔术画片和活动幻境

In 1872, Edward Muybridge created the first true
1872年，爱德华·梅布里奇创造了第一部真正的

“motion picture”
“电影”

by placing twelve cameras on a racetrack
他在赛马场上放置了十二台相机

and rigging the cameras to capture shots
并且操作相机

in quick sequence
快速拍摄

as a horse crossed in front of their lenses.
从而营造了一匹马在镜头前快速跃过的画面

The first film for motion photography was invented
第一款专为运动摄影而发明的胶卷诞生于

in 1885,
1885年

which contributed to the advance of motion photography.
有效推动了运动摄影的发展进步

Shortly thereafter,
此后不久

a hand-cranked machine
一款被称作活动电影机

called the cinematographe was created,
的手摇机问世

which could both capture pictures
它既能捕捉画面

and project still frames in quick succession.
又能连续快速地投射静止画面

The 20th century was a time of great advancement
二十世纪是胶卷和电影技术

for film and motion picture technology.
取得巨大进步的时期

Exploration into editing, backdrops,
对剪辑、背景幕布

and visual flow motivated aspiring filmmakers
和视觉流的探索激励着心怀抱负的电影人

to push into new creative territory.
进入新的创造领域

Around 1905,
1905年

“Nickelodeons”, or 5-cent movie theaters,
“镍币影院”，或称五美分电影院

began to offer an easy and inexpensive way
成为服务公众观影的一条

for the public to watch movies.
便捷廉价的途径

Nickelodeons helped the movie industry
镍币影院通过提高大众对

move into the 1920’s by increasing the public appeal
电影的需求从而推动电影业进入20世纪20年代

of film and generate more money for filmmakers.
也为电影人创造了更多的利润

The ending of World War I ushered
第一次世界大战结束后

the United States
美国

into a cultural boom,
进入文化繁荣期

a new industry center was on the rise:
一个新的工业中心随之崛起

Hollywood, the home of motion pictures in America.
好莱坞——美国电影之乡

The 1920’s were when the movie industry
上世纪20年代是电影产业

began to truly flourish,
开始真正繁荣起来的年代

along with the birth of the “movie star”.
同时“电影明星”的概念也随之诞生

With hundreds of movies being made each year,
依靠每年成百上千部电影的产出

Hollywood was the rise of an American force.
好莱坞成为美国崛起的一部分

Hollywood alone was considered a cultural icon
与洛杉矶其他地方不同，好莱坞被认为是

set apart from the rest of Los Angeles,
一个单独的文化标志

emphasizing leisure, luxury, and a growing “party scene”.
它意味着休闲、奢华及日益增多的“派对场景”

Hollywood was the birthplace of movie studios,
好莱坞是电影制片厂的发源地

which were of great importance to America’s public image
这是美国在电影产业中一个非常重要的

in the movie industry.
公众形象

The earliest and most affluent film companies
最早、最富裕的电影公司是

were Warner Brothers Pictures,
华纳兄弟影业

Paramount and 20th Century Fox,
派拉蒙和二十世纪福克斯

each of whom owned their own film production sets
它们各自都拥有自己的电影制片厂

and studios.
和工作室

Universal, United, and Columbia Pictures
环球影业、哥伦比亚影业和联美电影公司

were also considered noteworthy,
也都备受瞩目

despite not owning their own theaters,
尽管他们没有自己的影院

while Disney, Monogram, and Republic
而迪士尼、Monogram和Republic

were considered third-tier.
被公认为属于第三等电影公司

Part 3 Contemporary Hollywood
第三部分 当代好莱坞

After the Second World War,
第二次世界大战后

a shift in demographics created a change
人口结构的变化导致了

in the film industry’s target market,
电影产业目标消费人群的变化

which began creating material aimed at American youth.
他们开始创作面向美国青少年的电影

Instead of traditional, idealized portrayals of characters,
与过去那种传统的、理想化的人物塑造不同

filmmakers started creating tales
电影人开始创作

of rebellion and rock n'roll.
与叛逆或摇滚有关的电影

This era saw the rise of films featuring darker plot lines
这一时代出现了以黑暗情节为主线的电影

and characters played by “edgier” stars
电影角色也由那些更“前卫”的明星扮演

like James Dean, Ava Gardner, and Marilyn Monroe.
例如詹姆斯·迪恩、艾娃·加德纳和玛丽莲·梦露

The 1960’s saw a great push for social change.
上世纪60年代，推动社会变革的巨大力量出现

Largely influenced by the Vietnam War
受到越南战争

and continuous shifts in governmental power,
和政府权力的持续转移的重要影响

movies during this time focused on fun,fashion,rock n'roll,
这一时期的电影主题聚焦于娱乐、时尚、摇滚乐

societal shifts like the civil rights movements,
社会变迁（如民权运动）

and transitions in cultural values.
以及文化价值观的转变

It was also a time of change in the world’s perception
这也是美国带领着它的文化开始

of America and its culture,
席卷世界的年代

The rebirth of Hollywood during the 1970’s
20世纪70年代，好莱坞

was based on making high-action
靠着高难度动作电影

and youth-oriented pictures,
和面向青年的电影再度复兴

usually featuring new
这类电影往往运用了

and dazzling special effects technology.
令人眼花缭乱的新特效技术

Hollywood’s financial trouble was somewhat alleviated
随着许多像《星球大战》这样的电影取得

with the then-shocking success of movies
震惊世界的成功，好莱坞的财政问题

like Jaws and Star Wars,
得到一定程度缓解

By the end of the 1980’s,
上世纪80年代末

it was generally recognized that
人们普遍意识到

films of that time were intended for audiences
当时的电影是为那些寻求简单放松

who sought simple entertainment,
的观众而制作的

as most pictures were unoriginal and formulaic.
大多数电影都是非原创和公式化的

Many studios sought to capitalize on advancements
许多制片厂都一味在特效技术的进步上

in special effects technology,
下功夫

instead of taking risks on experimental
而非进行更冒险的探索

or thought-provoking concepts.
或提出发人深省的新概念

The future of film looked precarious
随着电影制作成本的增加

as production costs increased
和票价的持续下跌

and ticket prices continued to drop.
电影业的前途岌岌可危

But although the outlook was bleak,
但虽然当时电影业前景黯淡

films such as Return of the Jedi, Terminator,
一些电影，比如《绝地归来》、《终结者》

and Batman were met with unexpected success.
和《蝙蝠侠》等还是取得了意想不到的成功

Due to the use of special effects,
由于使用了特效

the budget of film production increased
电影制作的预算增加

and consequently launched the names of many actors
同时许多演员也被打造为

into overblown stardom.
过度包装的明星

International big business eventually took financial control
最终，国际大企业接管了许多电影的

over many movies,
财务控制权

which allowed foreign interests
这使得国外利益集团

to own properties in Hollywood.
得以在好莱坞拥有资产

To save money,
为了省钱

more and more films started to launch production
越来越多的电影开始在海外

in overseas locations.
生产制作

Multi-national industry conglomerates
跨国企业集团

bought out many studios,
买下大量的制片厂

including Columbia and 20th Century Fox.
比如哥伦比亚影业和二十世纪福克斯

As the movie industry moved into the new millennium,
随着电影业进入千禧年

there recently has been a revival in 3D film.
3D电影在近些年开始复兴

After James Cameron’s 3D film Avatar
詹姆斯·卡梅隆导演的3D电影《阿凡达》

became the highest-grossing film of all time,
成为史上票房收入最高的电影

3D films gained an increasing popularity,
3D电影受市场热捧

resulting in other films released in 3D.
因此其他许多电影也以3D形式发行

Interestingly, the best critical and financial successes
有趣的是，取得收益和口碑双丰收的电影往往

have been with feature film animation,
是故事动画片

such as the productions of Dream Works Animation
比如梦工厂和华特迪士尼影片

and Walt Disney Pictures.
出品的动画

Part 4 the influence of Hollywood culture
第4部分 好莱坞文化的影响

With its huge success and dominating market share,
依靠其巨大的成功和占据主导的市场份额

Hollywood films represent more than two-thirds
好莱坞电影在世界电影市场中

of total box-office receipts in major markets.
占据超过三分之二的票房收入

Films successful in the U.S. market
由于地区元素也被吸收进好莱坞电影中

also tend to be successful in overseas market
在美国市场取得巨大成功的电影

due to the local elements added to the production.
往往也得以在其他国家中复制其成功

Hollywood has been a success
好莱坞借助其

because of the unmatched competitive advantages.
自身无可匹敌的竞争优势而成功

First, it means famous stars and directors.
第一点成功要诀是著名的导演和演员

Second, large amounts of investment
二是高额的投资

can ensure enough publicity stunts to attract the people.
能够确保拥有足够的噱头去吸引眼球

Third, most of the productions contain the features
第三，大多数好莱坞电影都有以下特点

of heroic leading roles,
英雄般的主角

unpredictable plots,
出乎意料的情节

plus their easily acceptant theme,
以及容易被观众接受的主题

which cater the needs of audience of all ages
从而满足所有年龄段和不同文化背景

and different cultural background.
观众的需要

Meanwhile, its extensive distribution network
同时，好莱坞广阔的分销网络

and the US government’s efforts to open foreign doors
以及美国政府对于开拓海外市场的努力

play an important role in it.
也起着重要的作用

The new era has been an era of immense change
新时代是一个电影和科技行业产生

in the movie and technology industries,
巨大变革的时代

and more change is sure to come quickly.
更多的变化势必很快到来

Globalization is confronting Hollywood
全球化给好莱坞带来了

with more challenges.
更多的挑战

What new innovations will the future bring them?
未来将会有什么新的创新

Only time will tell.
只有时间能给出答案

Equally, there is much evidence to suggest that
同样，有很多证据表明

film industries of other countries
其他国家的电影产业

might be re-entering the competitive foray,
可能会重新进入好莱坞竞争对手这一行列

not only on the basis of revived local production clusters
这不仅基于振兴的地方生产集群

and fresh competitive strategies,
和新竞争战略的考虑

but also to enhanced distribution and marketing capacities
还因为得益于本土传媒集团的崛起

aided by the rise of home-grown media conglomerates.
地方电影公司的分销和营销能力得到了增强

Hollywood can never rest on its laurels.
好莱坞永远不会满足于过去的成就

Did you know？
你知道吗？