Exciting Campaigns, Electrifying Speeches：Part A在线视频

Hi,everybody.
大家好

This chapter is about The U.S. Presidencial Election.
这一章聚焦美国的总统选举

it's divided into two parts.
视频将分为两部分

First,the procedure of US Presidential election.
第一 美国总统选举的程序

And then I'll talk about
然后我会谈谈

the winning formula of the US presidents’ speeches
美国总统演讲的制胜法宝

Every four years,
每四年

the world witnesses the presidential election
世界见证了美国的

in the United States.
总统选举

It is like a Hollywood blockbuster with legendary heroes,
它就像一部好莱坞大片 有着传奇的英雄

an exciting prelude,
令人兴奋的前奏

suspension and conflicts,
悬念和冲突

climax and ultimately a happy ending.
高潮和最终的幸福结局

It is a complex process,
这是一个复杂的过程

which includes primary election,
包括初选

presidential nominating conventions,
总统提名大会

presidential candidates campaigning across the country,
总统候选人在全国范围内的竞选活动

voters casting ballots,
选民投票

the Electoral College vote and the presidential inauguration.
选举人团投票和总统就职典礼

The whole process symbolizes
整个过程象征着美国民主的

the American core value of democracy.
核心价值

Take primaries for example.
以初选为例

They help to prevent a few party leaders
他们能阻止少数党领导人

from choosing the candidates.
选择候选人

Anyone can run in the primaries,
任何人都可以参加初选

and anyone who wants to be nominated must run.
任何想被提名的人都必须参加

Furthermore, in the primaries,
此外 在初选中

new blood can enter the race
会注入新的血液

and even win the nomination of his party.
甚至赢得民主党的提名

As Bill Clinton did in 1992.
就像1992年比尔?克林顿一样

The nominating race takes place between March and June.
提名大会在3月和6月之间举行

It is a competition between members of the same party.
这是同一政党成员之间的竞争

For instance,
例如

this year in 2016,
2016年

Hillary Clinton,
希拉里?克林顿

Bernie Sanders run for nomination of the Democrats.
伯尼?桑德斯角逐民主党总统候选人提名

Donald Trump,
唐纳德?特朗普

Jeb Bush,
杰布?布什

Ben Carson,
本?卡森

run for nomination of the Republican.
角逐共和党总统候选人提名

They run in a succession of state primaries and caucuses.
他们参加了一系列的州初选和党内预选

The party convention then votes to select
然后政党代表大会投票选出

the party’s official candidate for the presidency.
该党的正式总统候选人

After that,
在那之后

Candidates of both parties spent heavily in campaigning
两党候选人都在全国各地的竞选活动中

by campaign travelling across the country,
投入了大量资金

advertising campaigns on TV,
在电视上做广告

making campaign speeches, etc.
发表竞选演说等

There are also heated debates between candidates
候选人之间也有激烈的辩论

so that their policies and insights,
使他们的政策和见解

weaknesses and strengths are well known to the public.
弱点和长处为公众所熟知

In November, the voters across the nation go to the polls.
11月 全国选民将进行投票

If the majority of the popular vote in a state
如果一个州的大部分选票

go to the Presidential candidate of one party,
都投给了一个政党的总统候选人

then that person is supposed to get all of that
那么这个人就应该得到

state’s electoral votes.
该州所有的选举人票

The candidate with the largest number of these electoral votes
这些选举人票数最多的候选人

wins the election.
赢得了选举

In January of the following year,
第二年1月

the new President and Vice-President
政府正式宣布新任总统

are officially announced.
和副总统

So far, you have some background information
到目前为止 你已经对美国总统大选

of the US presidential election.
的背景有一些认识了

Now let’s move on to the second part.
现在让我们进入第二部分

electrifying speeches.
激情洋溢的演讲

How can the Presidential candidates
总统候选人怎样才能

win the biggest possible number of votes?
赢得尽可能多的选票

The most effective way for Presidential candidates
总统候选人表达政治观点 拉拢选民人心

to convey their political views
最有效的方式就是

and influence the choice of voters
在不同的场合

is to make public speeches on different occasions.
发表公开演讲

So a good communicator must be a good public speaker.
所以一个好的沟通者必须是一个好的演说家

Then
那么

What is the winning formula in election campaign speeches?
在竞选演讲中获胜的法宝是什么呢?

The answer can be traced to the three pillars
答案可以追溯到

in public speaking proposed by Aristotle,
著名的古希腊哲学家亚里士多德提出的

the famous ancient Greek philosopher.
公开演讲的三大原则

The three pillars are:
这三大原则是:

Ethos, Logos and Pathos.
人品诉求 理性诉求和情感诉求

What does ethos mean?
什么是人品诉求

Ethos means credibility .
人品诉求意味着信誉

If people believe and trust you as a speaker,
如果人们相信你是一个演讲者

you will have a much easier time getting them to believe
你就会更容易

what you have to say.
让他们相信你说的话

If they don’t like or trust you,
如果他们不喜欢或不信任你

it would be very difficult for them to accept your ideas.
很难让他们接受你的想法

Every candidate is aware of the importance of credibility.
每个候选人都知道信誉的重要性

For example,
例如

Barack Obama drew upon his origin of birth
巴拉克?奥巴马利用自己的出身

to establish rapport with his listeners,
与听众建立了融洽的关系

making his audience identify with him.
让听众认同他

In his speech,
在他的演讲中

he tried to convey the message that like his listeners,
他试图传达这样一个信息

he is also one of the grassroots citizens
和他的听众一样

who endorse American dreams.
他也是支持美国梦的草根公民之一

Let's watch the video
让我们来看视频

Again, let’s look at Bill Clinton,
我们再来看看比尔・克林顿

in his speech I still believe a place called hope.
在他的演讲“我仍然相信有一个叫做希望的地方”

He talked about his mother
他谈到了他的母亲

who showed passion and tenacity in her career
在她的职业生涯中显示出的热情和坚韧

and his grandfather who was kind and considerate
以及他的祖父对顾客很好很体贴

to the customers regardless of race or income.
无论顾客什么种族 收入怎样

Most important of all,
最重要的是

his message is that
他想告诉大家

he inherited his mother’s and grandfather’s good characters.
他也继承了他母亲和祖父的好性格

So usually at the beginning of a speech,
通常在演讲开始时

a speaker would first of all, establish credibility.
演讲者首先要建立可信度