9.2 Government and Economy在线视频

9.2 Government and Economy
9.2 政府和经济

Hi, in this episode,
嗨，在本讲

we will learn some fast facts
我们将了解一些

about the government and economy of Canada.
加拿大政府和经济的基本情况。

Government
政府

As we mentioned in Unit 3,
正如我们在第三单元中提到的

the Westminster system is widely used
威敏斯特系统

in many Commonwealth countries,
在许多英联邦国家得到广泛应用

and Canada is no exception.
加拿大也不例外

Aspects of the Westminster system include:
威斯敏斯特体系包括以下几个方面：

first, an executive branch made up of members
第一，由立法机关成员

of the legislature,
组成的行政部门

there is the presence of opposition parties;
存在反对党

Second, there is a bicameral
第二，两院制或一院制的立法机关

or unicameral legislature,
通常每一个议院

where each house usually is elected
根据不同的任期

on a different basis for different terms,
以不同的方式选举

or where the members of the upper house
或上议院成员

are somehow appointed,
以某种方式被任命

then the upper house usually has less power
上议院通常

than the lower house;
比下议院权力小

There is a ceremonial head of state
第二，有一个象征性的国家元首

who is different from the head of government.
他不同于政府首脑

For the ceremonial head,
对于象征性首脑

he or she may possess reserve powers
他/她可能拥有

which are not normally exercised.
通常不会行使的保留权力

Let's take a close-up look
让我们近距离观察一下

at the Canadian government.
加拿大政府

In the case of Canada,
就加拿大而言

it is a parliamentary system within
它是君主立宪制下

the context of a constitutional monarchy.
的议会制度

The Canadian government has three different levels:
加拿大政府有三个不同的级别

the national or federal level,
国家级或联邦级

the provincial level and the municipal level.
省级和市级

The federal government in Canada is responsible
加拿大联邦政府负责

for things such as making laws
制定法律

and making sure that the laws
确保法律

are being enforced throughout
在整个加拿大

the entire country of Canada.
实施

It also deals with the military,
它还涉及军队

people becoming citizens or immigrating
移民

to the country, and the trading of goods
以及食品、服装

such as food, clothing, and medicine.
和药品等商品的贸易

There are three parts within the federal government.
联邦政府由三部分组成

We'll start at the top.
从最上面的是

The head of the state is Queen Elizabeth II.
国家元首是伊丽莎白女王二世

As such, the Queen's representative,
但你懂的，她是很忙的

the Governor General of Canada,
因此，女王的代表

carries out most of the federal royal
加拿大总督

duties in Canada.
在加拿大履行大部分联邦王室职责

The parliament of Canada is bicameral.
加拿大议会是两院制的

It has the lower house of House of Commons,
它有下议院

the upper house or senate.
上议院或参议院

The senators are appointed,
参议员们是任命产生的

and they vote on whether or not laws
他们投票决定是否通过法律

should be approved.
通过法律

The House of Commons is where proposals
下议院是

of laws are written.
法律提案的地方

Members of the House of Commons are elected
下院议员由人民

by the people.
选举产生

The use of the executive powers is directed
行政权力的使用

by the Cabinet,
由内阁领导

a committee of responsible
内阁是下议院选举委员会

to the elected House of Commons.
的负责人

The cabinet is chosen and headed
内阁领导由加拿大总理

by the Prime Minister of Canada.
选择和领导

The prime minster is the head of government.
总理是政府首脑

And he is usually the current leader
他通常是现任的政党领袖

of the political party that can obtain
该党派在下议院

the majority seats in the House of Commons.
获得多数席位

The main political parties in Canada
加拿大的主要政党是

are the Conservative Party,
保守党

Liberal Party, Green Party,etc..
自由党、绿党等。

And the current prime minster is Justin Trudeau,
现任总理是贾斯汀・特鲁多

he is the leader of the Liberal Party,
他是自由党的领袖

and the second-youngest Canadian Prime Minister
也是继乔・克拉克之后

after Joe Clark.
第二年轻的加拿大总理。

Economy
经济

After the government,
在政府之后

let's learn about the economy of this country.
让我们了解一下这个国家的经济

When talking about Canada,
当谈到加拿大时

some people may have the wrong idea
有些人可能错误地认为

that it is invisible compared with its neighbour.
它与邻国相比的话存在感很低

However, the truth is Canada
然而，事实是

is one of the world's wealthiest nations
加拿大是世界上最富裕的国家之一

and the majority of its citizens
其大多数公民

enjoy a high quality of life by world standards.
享受着世界标准的高质量生活

It's a country who is rich in natural resources,
它是一个自然资源丰富的国家

such as forests, fresh water,
拥有着如森林、淡水

oil, gas and mineral deposits.
石油、天然气和矿藏等资源

Canada is the world's 10th-largest economy
截至2019年

as of 2019.
加拿大是世界第十大经济体

It is a member of the Organisation
它是经济合作与发展组织（经合组织）

for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)
和八国集团

and the Group of Eight (G8),
（G8）的成员国

and is one of the world's top ten trading nations,
是世界十大贸易国之一

with a highly globalized economy.
经济高度全球化

Canada is a mixed economy,
加拿大经济是混合经济

ranking above the US
高于美国

and most western European nations
和大多数西欧国家的

on the Heritage Foundation's index
遗产基金会的经济

of economic freedom,
自由指数

and experiencing a relatively low level
并有着相对低的

of income disparity.
收入差距

Having largely abandoned the country's
加拿大人在很大程度上抛弃了

agricultural-manufacturing past,
过去的农业制造业

today upwards of 75 per cent of Canadians work
如今超过75%的加拿大人

in the service sector,
从事服务业工作

while only a small minority still work
而只有少数人

in farms or factories.
仍在农场或工厂工作

Trade comprises more than 65% of Canada's GDP,
贸易占加拿大国内生产总值的65%以上

making it one of the most
是世界上

trade-dependent countries in the world.
最依赖贸易的国家之一

Of this, upwards of 75 per cent
其中，超过75%的

of all Canadian trade is done
加拿大贸易

exclusively with the United States,
是与美国进行的

meaning the modern Canadian economy
这意味着现代加拿大经济

is extremely dependent upon,
极为依赖

and integrated with,
并与美国的

the economic happenings of America.
经济发展相结合

The most valuable goods Canada sells
加拿大出售的最有价值

are energy resources,
的商品是能源

namely oil, chemical fuels, electricity,
即石油、化学燃料、电力

and natural gas.
和天然气

And it is one of the leading trading nations
它是世界上主要的

in the world,
贸易国之一

with the U.S., China,
它在世界上最主要的贸易伙伴

Britain and Japan being its largest trading partners.
是美国、中国、英国和日本