流行音乐在线视频

Popular Music
流行音乐

Part 1:Music of the United Kingdom
第1部分 英国音乐

Throughout its history,
纵观历史

the United Kingdom has been a major exporter
英国一直是音乐主要的输出国

and source of musical innovation,
和创新源地

drawing its cultural basis
其文化基础来自

from the history of the United Kingdom,
英国历史

from church music,
教堂音乐

Western culture
西方文化

and the ancient and traditional folk music
古老而传统的民俗音乐

and instrumentation of England,
以及英格兰、苏格兰、北爱尔兰

Scotland, Northern Ireland and Wales.
和威尔士的器乐谱写

The History and Formation of British Music
英国音乐的历史与形成

Music in the British Isles,
从最早有文字记载时期

from the earliest recorded times until the Baroque
到巴洛克时期和公认的

and the rise of recognizably
现代古典音乐崛起时期

modern classical music,
不列颠群岛的音乐

was a diverse and rich culture,
一直是一种兼容并包的文化

including sacred and secular music
它包揽了宗教和世俗音乐

and ranging from the popular to the elite.
以及由俗到雅的所有音乐

Each of the major nations of England, Ireland, Scotland
英国、爱尔兰、苏格兰和威尔士四个主要国家

and Wales retained unique forms of music
保留了其独特的乐器类型

and of instrumentation.
和音乐形式

Forms of modern British popular music,
现代英国流行音乐的形式

including folk music,
包括民谣

jazz,
爵士音乐

rapping,
说唱

pop
流行音乐

and rock music,
和摇滚乐

have particularly flourished in Britain
这些音乐形式自二十世纪起

since the 20th century.
在英国十分繁荣

Britain has had an impact
英国的国土面积

on popular music disproportionate to its size,
与其对流行音乐的巨大影响力是不相称的

due to its linguistic and cultural links
由于其语言和文化

with many countries,
与许多国家

particularly the United States
特别是美国

and many of its former colonies like Australia,
和许多前殖民地，如澳大利亚

South Africa, and Canada,
南非和加拿大的联系

and its capacity for invention,
以及其发明、创造

innovation and fusion,
与融合的能力

which has led to the development of,
以致于在流行音乐的

or participation in,
主要发展历程中

many of the major trends in popular music.
英国都发挥着重要作用或直接参与其中

In the early-20th century,
20世纪初

influences from the United States became most dominant
美国对英国流行音乐界的影响变得

in popular music,
尤为突出

with young performers producing
年轻的美国艺人们制作

their own versions of American music,
像20世纪50年代末的摇滚乐那样

including rock n' roll from the late 1950s
属于美国人自己的音乐

and developing a parallel music scene.
形成了英美两国在音乐界并驾齐驱的局面

This is particularly true since the early 1960s
这一点在20世纪60年代初尤为明显

when the British Invasion, led by The Beatles,
当时，披头士乐队领导的英伦入侵运动

helped to secure British performers
帮助英国艺人们在流行音乐

a major place in development of pop and rock music.
和摇滚乐的发展中占据了重要地位

Since then, rock music and popular music
从那时起，摇滚乐和流行音乐

contributed to a British-American collaboration.
形成了英美合作的格局

Genres originating in or radically developed
起源于或根本上由英国音乐家

by British musicians include blues rock,
发展起来的流派有布鲁斯摇滚

heavy metal,
重金属

progressive rock,
前卫摇滚

hard rock,
硬摇滚

punk rock,
朋克摇滚

electric folk,
电子民谣

folk punk,
民谣朋克

acid jazz,
酸爵士

drum and bass, ect.
鼓打贝斯等

British Music
英国音乐

English Folk Music:
英国民谣

England has a long and diverse history of folk music
英国民谣源远流长

dating back at least to the medieval period
至少可以追溯到中世纪时期

and including many forms of music, song and dance.
包括多种形式的音乐、歌曲和舞蹈

Through two periods of revival
经过开始于十九世纪末的

from the late nineteenth century
两次复兴

much of the tradition has been preserved
英国的许多音乐传统都被保留了下来

and continues to be practiced.
并继续被践行着

It led to the creation of a number of fusions
这导致了一个崭新局面的出现，传统音乐与

with other forms of music that produced subgenres
其他形式的音乐大量融合，产生了许多次生音乐

such as electric folk, folk punk and folk metal
例如电子民谣、民谣朋克和民谣金属

and continues to thrive nationally
并在全国和局部地区

and in regional scenes,
继续繁荣发展

particularly in areas such as Northumbria and Cornwall.
特别是在诺森布里亚和康沃尔这些地区

Northern Irish Music:
北爱尔兰音乐

Ireland, including Northern Ireland,
爱尔兰，包括北爱尔兰在内

has vibrant folk traditions.
保留着独特的民间传统

The popularity of traditional instruments
传统乐器仍然流行

such as fiddles has remained throughout the centuries
甚至于当小提琴的类似物在大不列颠地区已经绝迹时

even as analogues in Great Britain died out.
这里的小提琴却在几个世纪后依然流行

Scottish Folk Music includes many kinds of songs,
苏格兰民歌包括许多种类的歌曲

including ballads and laments,
比如情歌和挽歌

sung by a single singer with accompaniment
还比如伴以风笛、小提琴和竖琴

by bagpipes, fiddles and harps.
配奏的个人独唱

Welsh Folk Music:
威尔士民间音乐

Welsh music includes male voice choirs
威尔士音乐包括男声合唱

and songs accompanied by a harp.
及竖琴伴奏的歌曲

Part 2：Music of the United State
第2部分 美国音乐

The music of the United States
美国音乐

reflects the country’s multi-ethnic population
透过各种各样的音乐风格可以看出

through a diverse array of styles.
美国民族多元的特点

It is a mixture of music influenced by West African,
美国音乐是一锅大杂烩，同时受西非

Irish, Scottish, Mexican,
爱尔兰、苏格兰、墨西哥

and Cuban music traditions among others.
及古巴音乐传统的影响

The country’s most internationally renowned genres
该国享誉世界的音乐流派

are jazz,
有爵士乐

blues,
蓝调音乐

country,
乡村音乐

rock,
摇滚

rhythm and blues,
节奏蓝调

ragtime,
繁音拍子

hip hop,
嘻哈

barbershop,
理发店四重唱

pop,
流行音乐

techno
科技舞曲

and rock and roll.
以及现代摇滚乐

The United States has the world’s largest music market.
美国有世界上最大的音乐市场

Since the beginning of the 20th century,
二十世纪初以来

some forms of American popular music
美国流行音乐的几种形式

have gained a near global audience.
赢得了近乎全世界听众的喜爱

The History and Formation of American Music
美国音乐的历史与形成

Native Americans were the earliest inhabitants
印第安人是美国这片土地公认最早的居民

of the land that is today known as the United States
是他们奏响了这块大陆上的

and played its first music.
第一首曲子

Beginning in the 17th century,
从十七世纪开始

immigrants from the United Kingdom, Ireland,
大量的英国、爱尔兰

Spain, Germany, and France
西班牙、德国和法国

began arriving in large numbers,
移民来到这片土地

bringing with them new styles and instruments.
带来了他们的乐器和音乐风格

African slaves brought musical traditions,
非洲奴隶带来了他们的音乐传统

and each subsequent wave of immigrants
此后的每一次移民潮，都促成了

contributed to a melting pot.
美国音乐这个大熔炉的形成

Thus the development of the arts in America
美国艺术的发展

has been marked by a tension
以两股强大的力量源泉

between two strong sources of inspiration:
之间的角逐为标志

European sophistication and domestic originality.
即欧洲的高雅与本土的原始

Much of modern popular music can trace
追溯许多现代流行音乐的根源

its roots to the emergence in the late 19th century
都可以发现它们无不和19世纪末出现的

of African American blues
美国黑人的蓝调音乐

and the growth of gospel music in the 1920s.
以及19世纪20年代成长起来的福音音乐有关

The African American basis for popular music used
美国黑人流行音乐的内核中蕴含着

elements derived from European and indigenous musics.
一部分源自欧洲和本土的音乐元素

There are also strong African roots
早期白人殖民者的音乐传统中

in the music tradition of the original white settlers,
也根植着浓烈的非洲元素

such as country and bluegrass.
例如乡村音乐和蓝草音乐

The United States has also seen documented folk music
美国还存在一些有记载的民俗音乐

and recorded popular music produced in the ethnic styles
和分属乌克兰人、爱尔兰人

of the Ukrainian, Irish, Scottish, Polish, Hispanic,
苏格兰人、波兰人、西班牙人

and Jewish communities, among others.
犹太人等不同民族的流行民族音乐

American Music
美国音乐

Blues is a native American musical and verse form,
蓝调音乐是产自美国本土的音乐和诗歌形式

with no direct European and African antecedents
在已知的欧洲或非洲音乐中不存在

of which we know.
类似的先例

Blues is a combination of African work songs,
蓝调音乐是美国黑人工作号子

field hollers and shouts.
田间呐喊和吼叫的结合体

The slaves sang songs
奴隶们在歌声中

telling about their extreme suffering and privation.
讲述着他们的极度痛苦与贫困

The blues was mostly sung in the South
蓝调音乐早期主要在南方传唱

and only spread northward in the 1930s and 1940s
直到上世纪三四十年代才随着大量黑人

with the migration of many blacks from the South.
移居北方而传播到北方去

The 1920s saw the blues become a musical form
20世纪20年代，蓝调音乐成为爵士音乐家们

more widely used by jazz instrumentalists.
广泛使用的一种音乐形式

Jazz originated in New Orleans early in the 20th century,
爵士乐起源于二十世纪初的新奥尔良

bringing together elements from ragtime, slave songs,
同时吸收了繁音拍子、奴隶歌曲和铜管乐

and brass bands.
的优点

Jazz was the reigning popular American music
20世纪20年代到40年代，爵士乐是

from the 1920s through the 1940s.
美国最流行的音乐形式

Though originally a kind of dance music,
尽管最初只是作为一种伴舞的音乐

jazz has been a major part of popular music,
爵士乐仍是流行音乐

and has also become a major element
与西方古典音乐

of Western Classical music.
的一个重要组成部分

The melding of rhythm and blues
20世纪50年代中期，蓝调音乐

with country and western music in the mid-1950s
乡村音乐、西方音乐三者韵律的结合

gave birth to rock and roll.
催生出了摇滚乐

To make the new music more acceptable
为了让主流听众更容易接受

to a mainstream audience,
这种新的音乐形式

white performers and arrangers began to “cover” rhythm
白人艺人和编曲者尝试“弱化”节奏

and blues songs–singing them with a toned down beat
转为用一种更柔缓的节拍演唱蓝调音乐歌曲

and revised lyrics.
同时改进部分歌词

At the beginning of his career,
在职业生涯初期

Elvis Presley covered black singers.
埃维斯·普里斯利就曾翻唱黑人歌手的歌曲

Soon, however, Presley was singing original material,
然而很快，普雷斯利就转为演唱

supplied by a new breed of rock and roll song writers.
由一批新的摇滚作曲家创作的原创音乐

A challenge to rock appeared in the form of folk music.
摇滚乐的挑战者以民俗音乐的形式出现

Folk music was based largely on ballads
民俗音乐主要以苏格兰

brought over from Scotland, England, and Ireland;
英格兰和爱尔兰的民谣为基础

it had been preserved in such enclaves
这些民谣被很好地保存在

as the mountains of North Carolina and West Virginia.
北卡罗莱纳州和西弗吉尼亚州的山区中

Bob Dylan extended the reach of folk music
鲍勃·迪伦依靠创作

by writing striking new songs
关注当代社会问题

that addressed contemporary social problems,
尤其是美国黑人公民权问题的新歌

especially the denial of civil rights to black Americans.
从而拓宽了民谣音乐的范畴

Dylan led virtually the entire folk movement
迪伦几乎将民谣运动的所有成果都

into a blend of rock and folk.
融进了摇滚乐和民谣音乐中

All right，dear students，
好了，同学们

after the learning the section，
学习完本节课程后

Can you compare characteristics of music
你能比较出

of the United States and the United Kingdom?
美国和英国音乐间的不同特征吗

How does the social environment
社会环境和文化

and culture influence music genres?
又是怎样影响音乐流派的呢

Can you tell the difference among different music genres?
你能说出不同的音乐流派之间的区别吗

Those are the questions I leave for you
以上就是我留给你们进行

to think about after class.
课后思考的问题了

I wish you well，see you next time.
祝你们开心，我们下次见