Chapter 4 Part 4在线视频

Graphics

For too numerous or complicated data

graphics may save you a lot of words

and space in your PowerPoint

Additionally

they serve as quick references for your readers

and can reveal trends patterns or relationships

that might otherwise be difficult to grasp

Graphics can be generally divided into tables and figures

the latter include a wide range of graphics

including graphs charts maps illustrations and photographs

Tables

First tables

Tables contain rows and columns of numbers and words

mostly numbers

They permit rapid access to

and relatively easy comparison of information

They are also used to make a paper or article

more readable

by removing numeric or listed data from the text

Tables are typically used to present raw data

although not always

Elements of a table include the title

column title and the table body

They may also include subheadings and footnotes

When you use tables in your presentation

pay attention to the following things

Center the table on the slide

Number the tables in the order they appear

That is: Table 1 Table 2 Table 3 ...

Head your table with a clear descriptive title or caption

which should tell the reader what the table is about

and how it's organized

Place the title above the body of the table

and keep it left-aligned

Label the columns/rows

Column titles should be brief and descriptive

and should include units of analysis

Set apart from the text itself

Text does not flow around the table

Construct your table so that the elements

could be read down, not across

Align the information or data in the table

Cite the source, if it is not originally made

Emphasize the major points

Figures

A figure literally means "Something other than words"

It can take many forms like graphs

diagrams, photos, drawings or maps

Although there are many types of figures

they share some typical features: title

the figure itself

and some other necessary information

For graphs

this may include: labels

a legend explaining symbols

and vertical or horizontal tick marks

Think about your purpose

if you want to choose an effective figure

for communicating the main point

Charts and graphs are mostly synonymous

both are visual depictions

of numbers or numerical relationships

but two-axis graphs such as line graphs or bar graphs

are never called charts

Diagram is usually described as a schematic

or a visual representation of a structure or process

You might as well call all of the above: figures

if you are not sure how to name them

Here, a few types of figures are listed for you

to understand their functions and how to use them

Bar graph and line graph

These are the two major types of graphs

that are often used to present results

When using these two kinds of graphs

keep in mind the following things

They are used to show obvious comparison

Bar graphs use horizontal or vertical bars

while line graphs use horizontal or vertical lines

Label both scales to show

what is being measured or compared

Keep all labels for easier reading

Make the labels short brief and clear

Avoid put more than four types

of bars in a bar graph

and five lines in a line graph

Avoid needless visual details

for example

three-dimensional enhancements of bar graphs

can be confusing

Use a different color or shade

for each bar or line

Maintain clear legend for the bars or lines

Pie chart

Pie charts are used to show relative proportions

specifically, the relationship of a number of parts

to the whole

Make certain that the parts add up 100 percent

Use different colors or shade

to differentiate each slice clearly

Label each slice directly

Keep all labels horizontal for easy reading

Include no less than 2

and no more than 6 segments

Combine very small segments under the heading "other"

if more than 6 are included in the chart

General tips for figures

Make it simple

The figure is to communicate the most important thing

about the data

Make it clear

Make sure that your data are portrayed clearly

and that you have explained the elements

of the graph clearly

Make it accurate

Avoid making even a very small error

because even a simple graphic error

can change the meaning and the interpretation of the data

Choose a naming scheme for your figure captions

and stick with it

You may pick "Figure" for all of your graphics

or "Chart" for your chart

Just be consistent with your choice

"Figure" or the abbreviated "Fig"

are both ok as long as you are consistent

Number all the figures sequentially

even if you may use only one

Number them separately from tables

Different from labelling tables

label figures below the figure

Delete the information from your PPT

that you won't use in your presentation

because of its disturbing effect

That's all about visualizing and preparing a presentation

Hope you could make a better presentation

with the help of visual aids

Practice

Please point out the improper design

in each PowerPoint slide

and try to make improvements