Chapter 7 Part 3-2在线视频

Seven

tell the audience about any problems

in interpreting your results

Don't worry if there is not unnecessary

one unique or clear way to interpret your results

You can admit such difficulties

Note that modal verbs such as

might could should

and adverbs of concession

such as although even though despite of the fact

nonetheless nevertheless

and verbs that express a hypothesis

is rather than 100% certainty

such as think

believe

imagine

Such phrases are useful for making

what you are saying sound more tentative

Use verbs such as interpret

confirm appear

which are impersonnel

This allows speakers to distance themselves

from their results

and to give the impression that the results

do not depend strictly on them personally

Eight

Explore whether your results were expected or not

If your results were not

what you were expecting

the audience will be curious to know why

Try to present the reasons in a fact way

or in other interesting way

Look at the following examples

Nine

Be upfront about your poor

Be upfront about your poor

uninteresting

negative results

and turn your negative

unexpected results into an opportunity

for collaboration

If you have

or appear to have negative results

the audience will certainly be sympathetic

or probably relieved

because most of them will

have been in the same situation

so admit to the audience that

the results were not what you were hoping for

Never hide the poor results

or invent anything to make them more interesting

Say what you plan to do next

to resolve these problems

or ask the audience for help

Have they experienced this

What did they do

Encourage them to come and talk to you later

Ten

encourage discussion and debate

Be ready to discuss any limitations

in the research and open for other possible

approaches and interpretations

Then you will sound more credible

you will seem confident enough

to give the audience

space to suggest alternative interpretations

You will sound less arrogant

Your aim is not to lecture to the audience

like a university professor

but rather to discuss your ideas with them

It is important that your tone of voice

is friendly and not hard

You do not want the audience

to be passive listeners

but to be active in asking questions

both in the Q&A session

and after the presentation at the bar or social dinner

Next we’d like to share with you some useful phrases

in presenting results

They are listed below

So much for results

Let's look at how to present discussion section

Function of discussion

The basic functions of discussion are as follows

Expounding the interrelations

among the observed facts

Showing the underlying causes

the effects

and the theoretical implications of the facts

Leading to the conclusion

The components of discussion usually include

the following five parts

one

Analyzing the data

Try to present the relationship between the data

Bear in mind that

in a good discussion

what we need to do is to discuss the results

Two

Expounding viewpoints

Give the judgment evaluation and analysis

and show how the results and interpretations

agree

or contrast with previously published works

Three

Pointing out doubts

Point out any exceptions or any lack of correlation

and state the unsettled points or doubts

limitations failures as well as points for attention

if any

Four

Stating the significance

Point out the theoretical implications of the paper

as well as any possible practical applications

Last five

Arriving at a conclusion

Provide the outcome of the research

as clearly as possible

and summarize the evidence for the conclusion

Five

Suggested ways to present discussion

There are many tips and strategies

presenters can use to present discussion

but the followings are most powerful ones

that good presenters have used over the years

Hopefully

they will help you to nail the discussion

section in your next presentation

One

Making a comparison between the results

and the original hypothesis

Let's look at the following examples

Two

Presenting a further explanation of the results

Here are some examples

Three

Making conclusions

or inferences

Look at the following examples

Four

Implying the limitations of the present study

Here are some examples for your reference

Five

Suggesting the practical applications

or further study

you can say

Next

we’d like to share with you some useful phrases

in presenting discussion

They are listed below

First

用于下结论或表述不支持结论

2用于分析原因 结果和指出研究的可能机理

3用于将本研究与其他研究相比较

4用于表述研究的局限性

5用于指出研究的现实或潜在意义

6用于前瞻性说明

Next expressing opinions

and probabilities in Discussion

Highlighting limitations

Outlining possible applications

and implications of your work

Outlining the possible future of your findings

At last

here are 10 most common mistakes

when presenting discussion

By avoiding these

you’ll make your presentations stand out

One

Starting with limitations instead of implications

Two

Going overboard on limitations

leading readers to wonder why

they should read on

Three

Failing to acknowledge limitations

or dismissing them out of hand

Four

Making strong claims about weak results

Five

Failing to differentiate between strong and weak results

as you make conclusions about them

Six

Lapsing into causal language

when your data were correlational

Seven

Repeating the introduction

Eight

Restating the results

without interpretation or links

to other research

Nine

Presenting new results

presenting new results

such data belong in the results section

Ten

Offering no concluding statements

or ending with the limitations

Now let's move to the part of practice

Ah.