Chapter 5 Part 1在线视频

Hello everyone

I'm Lu Fengxiang from Capital Medical University

Now we are going to talk about Chapter Five

Maintaining proper body language

Upon completion of this chapter

you are expected to know

how to handle your nervousness during your presentation

know how to behave well

during your presentation

and grasp some delivery tips

for delivering your presentation

Part one

Why is body language important

Body language is a kind of non-verbal communication

where thoughts intentions or feelings are expressed

by physical behaviors

such as facial expressions body posture

gestures eye movement touch and use of space

Body language is a vital form of communication

which can make or break your presentation

It is an essential part of emotional intelligence

which can help you bond with another person

a small group or a large audience

When your body language is deliberate

it shows that you are in control

and that you are happy to be where you are

doing what you are doing

Non-verbal communication is so powerful that

it can reinforce your verbal message or contradict it

By following the body language guidelines below

you will be able to strengthen the effectiveness

of your oral presentation

In addition

you can watch and pick up cues from other presenters

Part two

What does body language include

One Posture

Posture conveys a lot about our level of confidence

Good posture gives the impression of authority and confidence

A natural straight open body position is best

The following are not good choices

First

Arms folded across your chest

Second

Arms clasped behind the back--military style

Third

Hands on hips

Fourth

Arms down in front

folded below the waist

Fifth

Rocking back and forth

Two Gestures

From an open body position

your arms will be free to gesture

as they would in normal conversation

in order to support your words

and emphasize certain points

In most professional presentations

you can add movement by simply pointing to

the important features of your presentation

At the same time

avoid using the same gesture over and over

The following are not good choices

First

Putting your hands in your pockets

Second

Jiggling your keys or other items in your pocket

Third

Playing with your jewelry your hair or your clothing

Fourth

Pushing your glasses back constantly

Fifth

Pushing your hair aside frequently with your hand

or shaking your head to push aside your hair

Sixth

Clicking your ballpoint pen

Seventh

Taking your pen or marker's caps on and off

Eighth

Scratching your face

head or any other part of your body

Nineth

Checking your watch frequently

Tenth

Drumming your fingers on the lectern or table

Eleventh

Tapping your feet or bouncing your legs

Three Facial expressions

During a presentation

your face conveys more to your audience

than any other part of your body

This is because the audience will

be looking at your face most of the time

Your facial expressions can communicate

positive messages

such as confidence, friendliness and enthusiasm

They could also communicate fear, frustration

or lack of control

Since facial expressions reveal your true feelings

it is important to learn to convey the right messages

The most important thing you can do

is to smile a genuine smile

A smile communicates confidence and sincerity

It says that you know what you are doing

that you are happy to be there

and that you are enjoying giving the presentation

It makes you more likable

If you smile, the audience is also more likely

to smile back at you

which in turn will make you feel more comfortable

Avoid a phony forced or artificial smile

It will only reveal that you really

don't want to be there

When it's inappropriate to smile

you can use your eyes and

your eyebrows to communicate

In other words

use all of your face to support your words

Four Eye contact

Establishing and maintaining eye contact with your audience

will make you seem more confident, relaxed and interesting

It also forces the audience to look back at you

The following are preferable

First

In small groups, look at each person

in the audience for about three seconds

Second

In large groups, look at different sections of the audience

If you only look in one direction all the time

other sections of your audience will feel left out

Third

Avoid directing your attention

to the key decision maker in the group

It will make him or her feel uncomfortable

and make the rest of the audience feel ignored

Fourth

Move your head slowly from time to time

to give attention to all members of your audience equally

Fifth

During your presentation

you can comfort yourself by focusing on

members of the audience

who respond with a nod or a smile

It will help you feel more confident and relaxed

to know that your words

are having a positive effect on your audience

and that your message is being well-received

Sixth

Avoid paying attention to the audience

who seem bored or displeased

They may have other things in their minds

unrelated to your presentation

Five Voice

Your voice is your main means of communicating

the content of your message

The way you say can have a great impact on the audience

Qualities of voice include three main elements

Intonation, pitch and pace

Intonation

Intonation refers to the rise and fall of your voice

which has the potential to engage

and hold the listener or tune him out

This quality may vary greatly in different cultures

Pitch

Pitch, on the other hand

means how high or low your voice sounds

Many presenters use a thin high-pitched voice

which could sound harsh and lack in authority

If this happens to you

try consciously lowering the pitch

of your voice a little at a time

Pace refers to the speed and tempo of our speech

Varying the pace for emphasis

will make your presentation more energetic

The following will improve the tone

and quality of your voice

First

Speak up

Your voice should be loud enough

that no one in the audience should have to

strain to hear you

Project your voice to the back of the room

but don't shout either

If necessary

arrange to have a microphone available

If the members of your audience cannot hear you

all your preparation is useless

Second Breathe normally

In ordinary conversation

your sentences are short and you can complete them

without running out of breath

Do the same with your presentation

Take control of the time

however short or long it may be

One of the most obvious signs

of an inexperienced speaker is one

who keeps running out of breath during a presentation

Third

Speak with variety and enthusiasm

Use a well-modulated and varied tone of voice

as you would in a normal conversation

so that you don't sound monotonous

Vary the volume

speed and rhythm of your voice

to keep your listeners engaged

Use emphasis when necessary to draw attention to

key information and differentiate it from the rest

Otherwise use a pleasing tone and speech rhythm

Fourth

Emphasize appropriately

To help your audience receive the correct message

make sure you place emphasis on the correct words

in your sentence

It can change the implied meaning drastically

Look at the example below

I work on the weekend

In this case it means

I work then but you don't

I work on the weekend

I don't sit around or relax I WORK

I work on the weekend

Here

Emphasizing when I work

and that I am not free at that time

Fifth

Sound calm and friendly

A calm friendly-sounding voice

can invite people to make contact with you

Be especially careful when answering questions

from the audience

as a particular question may catch you off guard

even if your presentation has gone over well

Sixth

Don't rush

Maintain a moderate pace

The speed and rhythm of your speech is important

as clear communication demands appropriate pauses

to support your words

If you have a lot of materials to cover

in your presentation

the answer is not to hurry through your presentation

Think of other ways

to provide the information to the audience

You could give handouts which elaborate on your key points

You could arrange in advance

to have more time to speak

You could cut down the length of your speech

Plan to cover your main messages at a reasonable pace

rather than rushing through

Seventh

Avoid crutch words

Some people have the habit of using filler sounds

such as uh eh or ahh

while they are thinking about what to say next

Other people overuse crutch words

such as you know, basically, actually

Aside from sounding unprofessional

this can be annoying for the listeners

Six Dress

Appearance alone doesn't make the speaker

but it does influence

the effectiveness of your presentation

Dress the way you would like the audience

to perceive you

Follow some basic rules

First

Be neat

Second

Iron your clothes

Third

Shine your shoes

Fourth

Clean and trim your fingernails

Fifth

Check your make up

Six

Brush your teeth

Part three

why are we nervous during presentation

We have lots of butterflies in our stomach

when doing a presentation

The fear of public speaking is called glossophobia

It is the single most common fear

Approximately 75% of people experience this

We cannot eliminate our fear

but we CAN manage and reduce it

Why are we nervous

Nervousness is mainly reflected in the form of anxiety

which can be divided into two kinds

external anxiety and internal anxiety

External anxiety is triggered by the outside factors

like the speaking situation the unfamiliar audience

the difficult topic and even the foreign language you use

Internal anxiety is mainly caused by the personal worries

like being afraid of knowing less on the topic

than the audience or what you are saying is wrong

Part four
How can we overcome our nervousness

Handling our nerves generally comes with practice

the more presentations you do

the less nervous you will become

For overcoming your nervousness

the following suggestions might be helpful

One Identify your fears

First

I am worried that the audience

won't understand my accent

Second

My English grammar is poor

but if I were doing the presentation

in my own language

Third

My results aren't very interesting

so I can hardly create a good presentation

around them

Fourth

I panic at the idea

that I might forget what I want to say

Fifth

I get very nervous

when I am in front of a lot of people

Two

Don't focus on your English

If your content makes your message clear

a few mistakes in language will make no difference

Never equate your level of English with

your level of intelligence and your proficiency

Remember as a qualified professional

you have worked hard to get to

where you are today

Public speaking is only a small part

of your overall professional ability

Whether you're good at public speaking or not

has nothing to do with your

value as a person

It's simply a skill that

you can learn and become better at with practice

If you make an English mistake

while doing your presentation

don't worry

In fact

the audience may not even notice it

don't correct yourself

The audience is made up of researchers

wanting to hear your results

they are not English teachers wanting to

assess your linguistic proficiency

The way you relate to the audience

and involve them is more important

than any grammatical

or nontechnical vocabulary mistakes you may make