Chapter 7 Part 3-1在线视频

Hello everyone

I'm Liu Juan

from Capital Medical University

welcome to our English for presentations

at international medical conferences

Now we continue to talk about

results and discussion

Objectives

Upon completion of this section

you are expected to know the function

of the results and discussion part

of a presentation

get familiarized with the suggested ways

to present results and the discussion

grasp useful phrases are how to

present the results and the discussion

We'll deal results and discussion one by one

first results

Function of results

After talking about how

the study is designed and conducted

we now come to the Results section

Its function is to state the results

of the experiments

described in Materials and the Methods

to cite the figures or tables

that present supporting data

The audience will hear what has been

found in the study

and how the findings can be interpreted

such as establishing

or confirming a fact

explaining a phenomenon

or proving a hypothesis

or solving an existing or a new problem

Three

suggested ways to present results

There are many tips and strategies

presenters can use

to present the results and discussion

but the followings are most powerful ones

that good presenters have used over the years

Hopefully

they will help you to nail the results

and discussion section

in your next presentation

One

Neatly organize the results

and use subheadings for long results

It will be easy for the audience to follow

if you organize the data

and present the results neatly

logically and orderly

Poor organization of the data

will disorient and confuse the audience

leaving an impression of an illogical

and disordered presentation

For example

you can present the results sequentially

based on the stages of the study

proceed describing the characteristic

of study sample first

presenting the observation and

establishing association

between interventions and outcomes

Using subheadings

is an effective way to organize your information

Subheadings can save you transition sentences

and orient the audience in your presentation

Two

Focus only on the key results

and keep the explanation short

Your findings and results should generally

be the highlight of your presentation

The audience just need brief answers to

the following questions

What did you find

Was it what you expected

What does it mean

and why would we be interested

In a 10-minute presentation

this part should be just a couple of slides

It is not advisable to introduce

interesting side issues

as they might confuse the audience

Try to avoid the temptation to give the audience

the full

detailed

lengthy explanation

Three

Communicate the value of what you have done

put your results in the big picture

Tell the audience

how your findings contribute to

knowledge in your specific field

Show and tell them the benefits

You can use the following examples

Four

Properly present statistical information

it is crucial you present a statistical information

properly and accurately

Familiarize yourself with statistical concepts

used for your study such as tests

parameters

and variables

Five

Use tables and figures appropriately

tables and the figures are useful tools

for present in complicated the data

or data in a large amount

Please keep in mind the following points

Avoid using tables and the figures

if data can easily be summarized in text

Complement the tables and the figures

with the text

but do not duplicate the same data

Number the tables and figures systematically

Provide a concise title for each table and figure

Make legends and captions easy to understand

Format the tables and figures pleasant to eyes

Be careful and be objective

only present and illustrate your findings

Interpretation and explanation can wait

until the Discussion section

Use the past tense to present what you found

and observed in the study

Do not describe the line

but talk about the implications

Do not mention what the X

and Y axes represent

because they are obvious in the case

Highlight for the audience what they need to know

Repeat key points at least twice

give important information at the beginning

and the end

signal that you are coming to an end

Addressed the audience directly by using you

It is advisable to note that

the easier a figure is to understand

the less time you will have to

spend on explaining it

Six

Avoid phrases that might make you sound

overconfident

arrogant or critical of others

When you talk about your results

it is generally a good idea

to leave your discussion open

to other interpretations

You can protect yourself from arrogance

in the following ways

would appear to

before verbs such as prove

demonstrate

give concrete evidence

support

Consider replacing verbs such as

prove and demonstrate with less strong verbs

such as suggest

imply

and indicate

You can hedge

strong affirmations using modal verbs

such as would

might

may

could

for example

this could possibly be

the reason for

this may mean that

Replace adverbs that appear to leave

no room for doubt

such has definitely

certainly surely undoubtedly

indisputably

with more tentative forms such as probably

possibly

likely

or it is probable/possible/likely that

Avoid preceding categorical statements such as

no data exist in the literature on this topic

or this is the first time that

such a result has been achieved

You can replace such expression with

to the best of our knowledge

or as far as I know

or I believe

or I think

Be careful not to sound like you want to

impose your ideas

should and must

are often found in sentences describing obligations