Chapter 7 Part 4在线视频

Hello everyone

I'm Liu Juan

From Capital Medical University

welcome to our English for presentations

at international medical conferences

Now we continue to talk about

conclusions and ending

Objectives

upon completion of this section

you are expected to know the function

of the conclusion

and ending part of a presentation

get familiarized with suggested ways

to present conclusions

or to end a presentation

grasp useful phrases on how to present

conclusions or to end a presentation

Function

A good conclusion

brings closure to a presentation

and also seeks a lasting impact

Because the conclusion

is the last part of the talk

it is often the part

the audience remembers past

Important elements of a conclusion are

a review of the topic

and the purpose of the presentation

a statement of the conclusions

or recommendations to be drawn

from your research work

an indication of the next stages

such as

what might be done to take this work further

Four

an instruction as to what happens next

For example

questions

discussion or group work

Five

a “thank you” to the audience

for their attention and participation

Three

Suggested ways to present conclusions

or to end a presentation

In the conclusion section

you should state the conclusions

clearly and succinctly

talk about the future work

and elicit feedback from the audience

Below are some ways to present conclusions

or to end a presentation

One

use a picture

This is probably the easiest way to end

the presentation

There are many ways to use

pictures in the final slide

You can

You can exploit the key picture again

that you used earlier in the presentation

This picture should be chosen so that

it reminds the audience of an important point

that you mentioned earlier

You can use another photo or a collage

of photos depicting

scenes from your hospital

institute

university

and suggest that the audience

travel there sometime

You can create a picture that illustrates

your concepts or simply give the idea

of the future of work

or work in progress

Two

Refer back to the title

or your opening

A standard piece of advice on closing

is to return to the title

or your opening

for example

refer to whatever hook you

used in starting your presentation

This can be a wrap-up of a story you started

or an answer to a question you posed

It also can be a reaffirmation

of your presentation title

or the title of the conference

at which you’re speaking

Give your speech a provocative title

that highlights your message memorably

Then use the title of your speech

as your closing words to stir your audience

to think fully about what they just heard

to think fully about what they just heard

reinforcing the title of the speech

Refer back to your opening anecdote

or quote and say

We have arrived

now where we began

Then reiterate the message

you want your audience to remember

This will achieve symmetry

in the classic 3-part speech outline

which includes

tell the audience what you are going to tell them

then tell them

then tell them what you just told them

Three

End with a punchy line

A punchy line

just like the tagline in a movie

is an attention magnet

It cuts to the core of your central message

and is one of the most memorable parts

Think about how you can distill your message

down to a crisp

memorable statement

For example

Steve Jobs’ famous

last line at his commencement address

at Stanford University

Stay hungry

Stay foolish

Also

remember the rule of three

one of the most memorable patterns

For example

location

location

location

life

liberty and the pursuit of happiness

Or the three words slogans

such as Just Do It.

Here are a few examples

of how speakers do it

Jeremy Gutsche

CEO of TrendHunter.com

ends his speech on innovation

ends his speech on innovation

with three key benefits

He said by leveraging viral trends and

methodical innovation

you can generate Ideas

harness creativity and ultimately

exploit chaos

Dianna Cohen

co-founder of the Plastic Pollution Coalition

ends her talk on plastic pollution

ends her talk on plastic pollution

with the Rule of Three

In using alternatives to single-use plastics

she said

we can save our oceans

save our planets

save ourselves

save ourselves

Alan Siegel

a brand identity consultant

also uses the Rule of Three to end

his speech on simplifying legal language

How are we going to change the world

He asks

Make clarity

transparency and simplicity

a national priority

Four

close with a provocative question

Ending with a question

or a rhetorical question

is a sure way to gain attention

because questions stimulate our brains

The minute you ask a question

listeners are generally drawn to ponder an answer

It’s even more engaging

when the question is provocative

or when it touches potentially

sensitive areas of our lives

For example

Entrepreneur and CEO Ric Elias ends his talk on

“3 Things I Learned While My Plane Crashed”

with a series of life questions

with the most provocative one at the very end

And more than anything

are you being the best parent you can

You can also ask a question and answer it

For example

“What is personal in this digital era

Nothing Your life is on full display

Five

Talk about your future work

The plan for the future actually one of the

main reasons you are at the conference

This is a fantastic opportunity to do some

self-promotion

One of the audience

might be interested in helping you

or collaborating with you

Tell the audience that you would

welcome speaking to anyone who could suggest

who could suggest ways of continuing

your line of research

If you have done a convincing presentation

and have showed that you are the kind of person

other people might like working with

not just because of your scientific knowledge

but equally important

how you seem as a person

then you might find that you get an invitation

to work in another laboratory

that might have more equipment

or funds than your current one

Talking about future work

is particularly appropriate when you have

presented negative findings

when you have told the audience that

your research did not go as you expected

You can also use your conclusions

to talk about the limitations of your work

In both cases

your future work will probably thus involve

rectifying the problems you encountered

and telling the audience

how you plan to do this

For example

Six

Call to action

If your presentations’ primary purpose

is to move the audience to action

use the last few minutes

of the presentation to reinforce

the call to action you seek

Assume that your presentation has

delivered the information needed

by the audience members to move them

in a direction

and make your call to action

definitive and instructional

Examples include the following

Seven

End with a compelling story

Ending your presentation with a story

especially if that story is personal

especially if that story is personal

or illustrates how the content

presented affects others

creating empathy with your audience

and tying the story back to the points

made throughout the presentation

ensures your presentation will hit the mark

Give your ending a touch of humility

In a world where everyone flashes

their achievements and opinions

those with an understated approach shine

When you make a compelling case

in your presentation

there is value sometimes in contrasting

this with a touch of humility at the end

Supermodel Cameron Russell

ends her talk on TED saying

If there is a takeaway to this talk

I hope it’s that we

all feel more comfortable

acknowledging the power of image

in our perceived successes

and our perceived failures

Contrast this with a bolder

As I have proven to you

image plays a powerful role

in our perceived successes

and our perceived failures

Now I would like to share with you

some useful phrases as follows

Expressing opinions and probability

discussions and conclusions

Summarizing

Outlining possible applications

and implications of your work

Outlining the possible future of your findings

The take-home message is a short message

with which you culminate the presentation

Practice

Reflections and practice on how to

present conclusions

What are the main components of conclusions

How to use a picture in presenting conclusions