Chapter 7 Part 6在线视频

Part six

Practice

Practice one

Rewrite the following sentences with specific verbs

One

You have done the research

agreed that you are going to write a paper

to tell your findings

and planned your manuscript

Two

Renal blood flow was drastically compromised

when the aorta was obstructed

Three

Transcription of the promoter of the

calcium¬dependent protease(CANP)

gene is negatively regulated

by repeated GCrich elements

The reference answer

One

You have performed the research

decided to publish a paper to report your findings

and structured your manuscript

Two

Renal blood flow was greatly decreased

when the aorta was obstructed

In the second sentence

“Compromised” is imprecise

what happened to renal blood flow

“Compromise” means “place at risk”

A person's chances of survival can be compromised

But blood flow is measurable

it is either increases or decreases

“Drastically” is also imprecise

Science is quantitative

Thus a quantitative detail such as “by 80%” "85%"

is clearer than a qualitative term such as “greatly

Three

Transcription of the promoter of the calcium dependent

protease(CANP) gene is prevented

by repeated GCrich elements

“Negatively regulated” is a vague way

of expressing a concept that can

be conveyed precisely by a variety of verbs

Practice two

Answer the questions about following Introduction

from a selected article

Question one What is known

Question two what is unknown

Question three what was the hypothesis

Question four what sentence types are used

Let’s answer the questions

The first paragraph discusses for what is known

This part provides background information and sets the context

It starts from a recognized fact

Lung cancer is an aggressive

and heterogeneous disease

The next sentences prepare

the readers for a more detailed

and specific information about lung cancer

From Advances in surgical radiotherapeutic

and chemotherapeutic approaches have been made

but the long-term survival rate remains low

we see that the long-term

survival rate of lung cancer

even with the help of the advances in medical therapies

From After the Surgeon General's 1964 report

on smoking and health

mortality from lung cancer among men peaked

we can see that in the US

smoking is still at high risk for lung cancer

The last sentence of this paragraph

The prevalence of smoking is substantially

higher in developing countries than in the United States

Shows that the high prevalence of smoking

and the high risk for lung cancer are more serious

in developing countries

then the burden will become heavier in the coming years

We can summarize from the analysis

that lung cancer is a growing global threat

It is an urgent need to solve this problem

Claim the importance

make topic generation

and review items of previous studies

Question two

This part describes the gap in the present understanding

that is what is the better way to alter

the landscape of lung-cancer screening

when the efforts to reduce mortality from lung cancer

through the use of screening do not work

What is unknown

This description lays logical foundation

for the authors to fill the gap on the topic

and address the limitations of previous works

Question three

This part describes the gap in the present understanding

that is what is the better way to alter

the landscape of lung-cancer screening

With the transition marker

therefore this paragraph moves to the solution to the problem

What was done

and their hypothesis

what was the hypothesis

NCT funded a trial and the authors hypothesized that

low-dose CT would reduce mortality from lung cancer

among high-risk persons

This paragraph is made up of 14 sentences

Of these 14 sentences

6 are simple sentences, 3 compound sentences

3 sentences with noun clause and 2 sentences

with adverbial clause

We know there are three basic types of sentence

namely simple compound and complex sentence

A simple sentence contains a single independent clause

in other words, a clause

a group of words with a subject and a verb

which is a sentence by itself

expressing a complete thought

A compound sentence has two independent clauses

joined by a coordinating conjunction

Like for and nor but or yet so or a semi-colon

A complex sentence has one independent clause

and one or more dependent clauses

There is no one correct way to write

since the way each person puts words together

to convey meaning reflects their personality

and their feeling for words

Good writing requires an appropriate mix

of different types of sentence

A better way in writing scientific article is

varying sentence type

and alternating sentence length

Overusing long and complex sentences

is not a good choice

A short sentence is strong and forceful

but only if it has longer sentences beside it

To have too many short sentences

merely

gives a very jerky effect

One should try to vary complex and compound

and simple sentences and long sentences