当前课程知识点：医学SCI论文写作 > Chapter Eleven Abstract > Chapter Eleven Abstract > Chapter 11 Part 5
Summary
The format needed for abstract
differs from journal to journal
and specific abstract formats
are required depending on the study design
Prepare abstract in accordance
with formatting guidelines
specified by the journals
Submit your manuscript of abstract
within the allowed word count
Make the abstract be on its
own without need to read the paper
Contain information only present in the paper
Choose the same key words and terms
as presented in the title and the introduction
Include no figures or tables in the abstract
Include no references in the abstract
Choose appropriate sentence
patterns in the abstract
Choose strong and powerful verbs
in the abstract
Use adjectives
that bear meaning in the paper
Use prepositions accurately
And at last use abbreviations sparingly
Practice 1
Please revise the underlined parts
in the following sentences
This is the Methods part in an abstract
When describing the details of the trial
or experiment
avoid the use of “we did”
Choose the specific verbs
“conducted”“observed”
rather than the vague words
like “did”
“made”
“let”
and so on
to generalize the process of the study
Then look at these two sentences
These two sentences are from background section
of an abstract
As the background is usually the first
part of an abstract
the abbreviation CAGB
should be given the definition
coronary artery bypass grafting for the first time
Besides
the adverb “previously” indicates the study
was conducted in the past
so the past tense should be used here
Then look at this sentence
This is a sentence
from methods part in an abstract
In this sentence
the verb “give” is used correctly here
It means “to provide the participants
who suffer from stable
atheroscle’rotic vascular disease
with rivaroxaban”
but the usage is not appropriate
but the usage is not appropriate
in abstract writing
at an academic level
“To allocate or assign a group of participants
to have rivaroxaban”
is more commonly written
in the Methods part in the abstract
to describe the process of giving
different drugs for different groups of
participants in clinical trials
In addition
the vague expression of “to have”
or“to take” could be replaced by the more
specific one “to receive”
before the medication “rivaroxaban”
Using “to receive”
rather than “to have” or “to take”
before “rivaroxaban”
hints the act of participants
who are undergoing one kind of treatment
which is a trial
Practice 2
The following abstract
is from British Medical Journal
Please analyse sentence features of
each section in the abstract
The Methods part of this abstract
includes three sections
Design Setting Participants
and Main outcome measures
Both the phrases and sentences
are used in describing the details of the study
Apart from
“was used” the sentence patterns
typically presented in the Methods part
include
“were linked”
“The association between
a and b, was examined”
The Results part of this abstract includes
the sentence patterns as
“Participants who reported
had an increased risk of”
and “ had increased of”
These sentences tell the readers that poor oral
hygiene had an increased risk of
a cardiovascular disease event
They also tell the readers that
poor oral hygiene
had increased concentrations of both C
reactive protein and fibrinogen
Both the Methods and Results part
are written in the past tense
The Conclusions part is written
in the present tense
The Discussion part of this abstract
is in the last section CONCLUSIONS
The typical sentence patterns
used in conclusions are
“is associated with
higher levels of risk of
higher levels of risk of
and low grade”
“the causal nature of the association
is yet to be determined”
to show the limitation of this study
-Introduction to the Course
-Chapter 1 Part 1
-Chapter 1 Part 2
-Exercise
-PPT
-Chapter 2 Part 1
-Chapter 2 Part 2
-Excercise
-PPT
-Chapter 3 Part 1
-Chapter 3 Part 2
-Chapter 3 Part 3
-Exercise
-PPT
-Chapter 4 Part 1
-Chapter 4 Part 2
-Chapter 4 Part 3
-Exercise
-PPT
-Chapter 5 Part 1
-Chapter 5 Part 2
-Chapter 5 Part 3
-Chapter 5 Part 4
-Chapter 5 Part 5
-Chapter 5 Part 6
-Excercise
-PPT
-Chapter Six Title
-Exercise
-PPT
-Chapter Seven Introduction
-Exercise
-PPT
-Chapter Eight Methodology
-PPT
-Exercise
-Chapter Nine Results
-Exercise
-PPT
-Chapter Ten Discussion
-Exercise
-PPT
-Chapter Eleven Abstract
-PPT
-Introduction to Figures and Tables
-Exercise
-PPT
-Chapter Thirteen Figures
-Exercise
-PPT
-Exercise
-PPT
