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6.0 Outline of Observation课程教案、知识点、字幕

同学们好

今天我们开始学习

中医诊断学中第二种诊断方法 望诊

首先我们来了解一下望诊的含义

望诊是指医生运用视觉对人体外部情况

包括神色形态

局部表现 舌象

分泌物和排泄物的色 质的变化

进行观察

来了解人体的健康状况

测知病情的方法

望诊在中医诊断学中被列为四诊之首

有望而知之谓之神之说

这是因为

人的视觉在认识客观事物中占有重要的地位

所以医生在诊病时

要充分的利用视觉观察

并在临床实践和日常生活中

注意培养和训练

敏捷 准确的观察能力

通过诊断知识的学习

和临床经验的积累

使望诊技巧日臻熟练

但望诊也有其一定的局限性

所以不应单纯以望诊代替其它的诊法

诊病时 还需要四诊合参

才能全面地了解病情

为什么望病人的外部情况就可以了解健康状况

以及测知病情呢

这是因为

望诊包含了整体观和司外揣内这两个原理

中医学认为

人是一个有机的整体

人体的外部 特别是面部和舌体等等

与脏腑的关系最密切

局部的病变可以影响到全身

而体内的

脏腑 气血津液 经络等病理变化

必然会在其体表 五官九窍

四肢百骸等的相应部位表现出来

因此观察神色形态的变化

不仅可以了解人体的整体情况

而且可作为分析气血津液

脏腑等生理 病理状况的依据之一

医生在望诊时 必须注意以下的事项

第一

就是光线要充足 避免干扰

应该尽量的在充足的自然光线下进行望诊

如果没有天然的自然光线

也应该在日光灯下面进行

必要的时候 白天再进行望诊

要避开有色的光线 以及

室温高低的干扰

第二

就是要充分的暴露 排除假象

诊查时要充分地暴露受检的部位

以便能清楚地进行观察

便于诊查出个体和整体病情不符的征象

对于个体与整体病情不符的征象

应认真地分析

排除非病理性的原因所导致的假象

第三

就是要熟悉生理 以常衡变

为了更好地识别病理体征

必须学习各部位组织的正常表现

和生理特点

将病理体征与生理体征相比较

并要熟悉各部位组织与内在脏腑经络的联系

运用整体观念 进行分析 动态观察

从病情发展的角度来判断病理体征所提示的临床意义

第四 就是要四诊合参 综合判断

不能以望诊代替四诊

单纯的望诊 其信息是不够的

资料是不全面的

要注意将望诊与其他的诊法密切结合

四诊合参 进行综合的判断

望诊的主要内容 有以下五个方面 包括

全身望诊 局部望诊

望排出物及小儿指纹

还有望舌

其中 全身望诊里面包括有望神 色 形和态四个内容

局部望诊中 包括

望头面 五官 躯体 四肢 二阴和皮肤六个内容

而望排出物 则包括

望痰涕 涎唾 呕吐物以及大小便等

望舌 则包括望舌质和舌苔

这里面我们要注意

因为舌诊是极具有中医特色的独特诊断方法

内容非常丰富

所以 对于舌诊 我们也列专篇单独的论述

学习望诊时 虽然划分为不同的内容

临床诊病时还需要综合运用

不必严格区分

接下来的课程我们进入望诊的具体内容进行学习

Diagnostics in Chinese Medicine课程列表:

Week 1 Introduction

-Introductory remark

--Introductory remark

--QQ groups、WeChat public account

-Introduction

--Introduction

--【Discussion 1】Why do you want to take this course?

-Unit test for Introduction

Week 1 Basic Theory of Chinese Medicine 1:Yin-Yang and Five Elements Theory

-1.1 Yin-yang theory

--1.1 Yin-yang theory

-1.2 The theory of five elements

--1.2.1 The theory of five elements

--1.2.2 Application of the theory of five elements

-Frequently Asked Questions

--Frequently Asked Questions

-Unit test for week 1

Week 2 Basic Theory of Chinese Medicine 2:Zang-Fu Theory

-2.0 Outline

--2.0 Outline

--【Discussion 2】How to understand the holistic view centered on the Zang Fu theory?

-2.1 Liver

--2.1 Liver

--【Discussion 3】Why is repose more important than vigorous exercise in recuperation for patients with

-2.2 Heart

--2.2 Heart

-2.3 Spleen

--2.3 Spleen

-2.4 Lung

--2.4 Lung

-2.5 Kidney

--2.5 Kidney

-2.6 Six fu organs

--2.6 Six fu organs

-Frequently Asked Questions

--Frequently Asked Questions

-Unit test for week 2

Week 3 Basic Theory of Chinese Medicine 3:Qi,Blood and Body Fluid Theory

-3.1 Qi

--3.1 Qi

-3.2 Blood

--3.2 Blood

-3.3 Body fluid

--3.3 Body fluid

-3.4 The relationship of qi, blood and body fluid

--3.4 The relationship of qi, blood and body fluid

--【Discussion 4】A discussion about the theory of qi, blood and body fluid

-Frequently Asked Questions

--Frequently Asked Questions

-Unit test for week 3

Week 4 Basic Theory of Chinese Medicine 4: The theory of etiologic factor

-4.0 Outline

--4.0 Outline

-4.1 Six exogenous factors

--4.1.1 Six exogenous factors

--4.1.2 Nature and pathogenicity of wind and cold

--4.1.3 Nature and pathogenicity of summer heat and damp

--4.1.4 Nature and pathogenicity of dryness and fire

-4.2 Etiology of visceral impairment

--4.2 Etiology of visceral impairment

-Frequently Asked Questions

--Frequently Asked Questions

-Unit test for week 4

Week 5 Diagnosis methods: Inquiry (1)

-5.0 Outline of inquiry

--5.0.1 Outline of inquiry(1)

--5.0.2 Outline of inquiry(2)

--【Discussion 5】If you were a patient, how would you describe your condition to your doctor first?

-5.1 Inquiry of Chills and fever

--5.1.1 Chills and fever(Aversion to cold with fever)

--5.1.2 Chills and fever(Chills without fever)

--5.1.3 Chills and fever(Fever without chills)

--5.1.4 Chills and fever(Alternative chills and fever)

--【Discussion 6】How to understand "if you have clinical manifestations of cold, that is exterior syndr

-5.2 Inquiry of perspiration

--5.2 Inquiry of perspiration

-Frequently Asked Questions

--Frequently Asked Questions

-Unit test for week 5

Week 6 Diagnosis methods: Inquiry (2)

-5.3 Inquiring of pain

--5.3 Inquiring of pain

--【Discussion 7】How to understand "stagnation leading to pain and innourish leading to pain"?

-5.4 Inquiring of head, body, thorax and abdomen

--5.4 Inquiring of head, body, thorax and abdomen

-5.5 Inquiring of ears and eyes

--5.5 Inquiring of ears and eyes

-5.6 Inquiring of sleep

--5.6 Inquiring of sleep

-5.7 Inquiring of food and drink, appetite and taste

--5.7 Inquiring of food and drink, appetite and taste

-5.8 Inquiring of defecation and urination

--5.8.1 Inquiring of defecation

--5.8.2 Inquiring of urination

-5.9 Inquiring of infantile and women's disease

--5.9 Inquiring of infantile and women's disease

-Unit test for week 6

Week 7 Diagnosis methods: Observation (1)

-6.0 Outline of Observation

--6.0 Outline of Observation

--【Discussion 8】Please use the whole body inspection (including the expression, complexion and figure)

-6.1.1 Observation of vitality

--6.1.1 Observation of vitality

-6.1.2 Observation of the color

--6.1.2.1 The content, principles of inspection of the color

--6.1.2.2 Indication of diseases by five colors

--【Discussion 9】How do you understand the normal complexion of a normal people?

-6.1.3 Observation of the appearance

--6.1.3 Observation of the appearance

-6.1.4 Observation of figure and posture

--6.1.4 Observation of figure and posture

-Unit test for week 7

Week 8 Diagnosis methods: Observation (2)

-6.2.1 Observation of head and face

--6.2.1 Observation of head and face

-6.2.2 Observation of five sensory organs

--6.2.2.1Observation of five sensory organs(observation of eyes,ears,nose)

--6.2.2.2Observation of five sensory organs(observation of lips,teeth and gums,throat)

-6.2.3 Observation of body

--6.2.3 Observation of body

-6.2.4 Observation of limbs

--6.2.4 Observation of limbs

-6.2.5 Observation of two lower orifices

--6.2.5 Observation of two lower orifices

-6.2.6 Observation of skin

--6.2.6 Observation of skin

-6.3 Observation of excreta

--6.3 Observation of excreta

-6.4 Observation of infantile fingerprints

--6.4 Observation of infantile fingerprints

-Frequently Asked Questions

--Frequently Asked Questions

-Unit test for week 8

Week 9 Diagnosis methods: Inspection of tongue

-7.1 Outline of tongue inspection

--7.1.1 The morphology and structure of the tongue

--7.1.2 The principle of tongue examination

--7.1.3 The method and precaution of tongue examination

--7.1.4 The content of tongue examination, normal tongue

-7.2 Inspection of tongue structure

--7.2.1 Observe the color of tongue

--7.2.2 Observe the shape of tongue

--7.2.3 Observe the states of tongue

--7.2.4 Observation of sublingual vein

-7.3 Observation of tongue coating

--7.3.1 Observation of coating texture

--7.3.2 Observe the color of coating

-7.4 Clinical significance of tongue diagnosis

--7.4 Clinical significance of tongue diagnosis

--【Discussion 10】Why to observe the tongue can be used to diagnose disease?

-Unit test for week 9

Week 10 Diagnosis methods::Pulse examination

-8.1 The principle of pulse examination

--8.1 The principle of pulse examination

-8.2 The regions and methods of pulse examination

--8.2 The regions and methods of pulse examination

-8.3 The elements of pulse examination and the normal pulse

--8.3 The elements of pulse examination and the normal pulse

-8.4 Characteristics and significance of pulse

--8.4.1 Superficial pulse, deep pulse, slow pulse, rapid pulse

--8.4.2 Surging pulse, thin pulse, long pulse, short pulse

--8.4.3 Feeble pulse, forceful pulse, slippery pulse, uneven

--8.4.4 Taut pulse, tense pulse,soggy pulse, moderate pulse

--8.4.5 Knotted, slow-regular-intermittent, irregularly abrupt

-8.5 Similar pulse, concurrent pulse, pulse indicating deterioration of visceral qi۞

--8.5 Similar pulse, concurrent pulse, pulse indicating deterioration of visceral qi۞

--【Discussion 11】Why is complex pulse more common than single-factor pulse?

-8.6 Women’s pulse, children’s pulse

--8.6 Women’s pulse, children’s pulse

-8.7 The clinical significance of pulse diagnosis

--8.7 The clinical significance of pulse diagnosis

-Unit test for week 10

Week 11 Diagnosis methods:Listening and smelling examination

-9.1 Listening

--9.1 Listening

-9.2.1 Abnormal sound

--9.2.1 Abnormal sound

-9.2.2 Abnormal language

--9.2.2 Abnormal language

-9.2.3 Respiratory abnormality

--9.2.3 Respiratory abnormality

-9.2.4 Cough

--9.2.4 Cough

--【Discussion 12】How to observe the patient's cough sound and sputum changes to determine whether the

-9.2.5 Abnormal sounds of the stomach and intestines

--9.2.5 Abnormal sounds of the stomach and intestines

-9.3 Smelling

--9.3 Smelling

--【Discussion 13】How to diagnose by smelling?

-Unit test for week 11

Week 12 Diagnosis methods:Palpation

-10.1 The method, meaning and precautions of palpation

--10.1 The method, meaning and precautions of palpation

-10.2 Contents of palpation

--10.2.1 Palpating chest and hypochondrium

--10.2.2 Palpating stomach and abdomen

--10.2.3 Palpating skin

--10.2.4 Palpating hands and feet, palpating acupoints

--【Discussion 14】How to determine whether external or internal injuries?

-Unit test for week 12

Conclusion

-Conclusion

--Conclusion

Final Exam

-Final Exam

--Final Exam

6.0 Outline of Observation笔记与讨论

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