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7.2.3 Observe the states of tongue课程教案、知识点、字幕

同学们好 下面我们继续学习舌态

舌态 是指舌体动态

正常的舌态

表现为舌体柔软 活动灵活 收缩自如

这是脏腑机能旺盛 气血充足

经脉调匀的表现

要判断一个人的舌态是(否)正常

并不需要这个人将舌头伸出口外动一动才能判断

而是只需要通过这个人的

语言行为就可以判断了

一般来讲

只要言语正常

舌体的动态

基本上都是正常的

常见的病理舌态 主要包括

痿软 强硬 歪斜 颤动 吐弄和短缩六种

这六种舌态的变化 通常预示着病情比较重

首先 我们来学习第一种病理舌态 痿软舌

痿软舌 是指舌体软弱无力 不能随意收缩自如

言语困难的一种舌态表现

痿软舌 多见于阴虚或气血两虚的病人

这是因为 阴液亏虚 气血亏虚

使舌肌筋脉失养

而使舌体痿软

其中 舌体痿软 而舌色红绛

舌苔少 或无苔者

多见于热病伤阴

或阴虚火旺的阴虚证

舌体痿软 舌色淡白 或枯白无华者

多见于气血两虚 舌体失养所导致

下面我们来学习第二种病理舌态 强硬舌

强硬舌 是指舌体失其柔和

活动不灵 语言謇涩的一种舌态表现

强硬舌 虽为局部表现 但与内脏病变关系密切

多见于热入心包

或为高热伤津

或为风痰阻络等病证引起的

如果强硬舌 见有舌红绛而少津 苔黄

多因邪热炽盛 热入心包 扰乱心神所致

如果舌体强硬 舌体胖大

舌苔厚腻者

多因肝风夹痰 风痰阻络所致

而如果舌体强硬 伴肢体麻木

语言謇涩 偏瘫眩晕者

多为中风先兆

下面我们来学习第三种病理舌态 歪斜舌

歪斜舌是指伸舌时舌体偏向一侧

或左或右的一种舌态变化

歪斜舌 多因为肝风内动

夹痰夹瘀 痰瘀阻滞一侧经络而导致的

经络病变的一侧 舌肌收缩无力

而健侧舌肌收缩正常有力

因此伸舌时舌向健侧偏斜

歪斜舌通常见于中风 或者中风先兆

以及中风后遗症患者

下面我们来学习第四种病理舌态 颤动舌

颤动舌 是指舌体不自主的震颤抖动

轻者伸舌时颤动

重者不伸舌时也颤动不宁

颤动舌多为肝风内动的征象

可因为热盛 阳亢 阴亏 血虚等所导致

其中久病舌淡白 舌体颤动者 多属于血虚动风

新病舌绛紫 而舌体颤动者

多属于热盛动风

舌红少津 少苔 而舌体颤动者

多属于阴虚动风 或肝阳化风

此外 长期酗酒 酒毒内蕴之人

也可见到舌体颤动

下面我们来学习第五种病理舌态 吐弄舌

吐舌 是指舌伸于口外 慢慢缩回的一种舌态

弄舌 是指伸舌后 随即回缩

或反复舌舐口唇四周

掉动不宁的一种舌态

吐舌和弄舌 一般都属于心脾有热

吐舌 还可见于疫毒攻心 或正气已绝的病人

弄舌 多见于热盛动风先兆

此外 吐弄舌也可见于智力发育不全的患儿

下面我们来学习第六种病理舌态 短缩舌

短缩舌是指舌体卷缩 紧缩不能伸长者

严重者舌不抵齿的一种舌态

短缩舌多为病情危重的一种征象

一般来讲 舌短缩 舌色淡白

或青紫而润滑者

多属寒凝筋脉 舌脉挛缩

或气血虚衰 舌失充养所导致的

如果舌短缩 舌色红绛而干

多属于热病伤津 筋脉挛缩所致

如果舌短缩 而舌体胖大 苔滑腻者

多属于风痰阻络所导致

此外 先天性舌系带过短 又称为绊舌

也可以出现短缩舌

但无全身的症状

因此没有辨证的意义

可以通过手术校正

这种绊舌 应该与短缩舌鉴别

以上是我们学习的六种舌态

一般来讲

只要能言语正常的人

舌态通常都是正常的

而出现六种病理性舌态的变化

通常病情都比较严重

本节课就上到这里

Diagnostics in Chinese Medicine课程列表:

Week 1 Introduction

-Introductory remark

--Introductory remark

--QQ groups、WeChat public account

-Introduction

--Introduction

--【Discussion 1】Why do you want to take this course?

-Unit test for Introduction

Week 1 Basic Theory of Chinese Medicine 1:Yin-Yang and Five Elements Theory

-1.1 Yin-yang theory

--1.1 Yin-yang theory

-1.2 The theory of five elements

--1.2.1 The theory of five elements

--1.2.2 Application of the theory of five elements

-Frequently Asked Questions

--Frequently Asked Questions

-Unit test for week 1

Week 2 Basic Theory of Chinese Medicine 2:Zang-Fu Theory

-2.0 Outline

--2.0 Outline

--【Discussion 2】How to understand the holistic view centered on the Zang Fu theory?

-2.1 Liver

--2.1 Liver

--【Discussion 3】Why is repose more important than vigorous exercise in recuperation for patients with

-2.2 Heart

--2.2 Heart

-2.3 Spleen

--2.3 Spleen

-2.4 Lung

--2.4 Lung

-2.5 Kidney

--2.5 Kidney

-2.6 Six fu organs

--2.6 Six fu organs

-Frequently Asked Questions

--Frequently Asked Questions

-Unit test for week 2

Week 3 Basic Theory of Chinese Medicine 3:Qi,Blood and Body Fluid Theory

-3.1 Qi

--3.1 Qi

-3.2 Blood

--3.2 Blood

-3.3 Body fluid

--3.3 Body fluid

-3.4 The relationship of qi, blood and body fluid

--3.4 The relationship of qi, blood and body fluid

--【Discussion 4】A discussion about the theory of qi, blood and body fluid

-Frequently Asked Questions

--Frequently Asked Questions

-Unit test for week 3

Week 4 Basic Theory of Chinese Medicine 4: The theory of etiologic factor

-4.0 Outline

--4.0 Outline

-4.1 Six exogenous factors

--4.1.1 Six exogenous factors

--4.1.2 Nature and pathogenicity of wind and cold

--4.1.3 Nature and pathogenicity of summer heat and damp

--4.1.4 Nature and pathogenicity of dryness and fire

-4.2 Etiology of visceral impairment

--4.2 Etiology of visceral impairment

-Frequently Asked Questions

--Frequently Asked Questions

-Unit test for week 4

Week 5 Diagnosis methods: Inquiry (1)

-5.0 Outline of inquiry

--5.0.1 Outline of inquiry(1)

--5.0.2 Outline of inquiry(2)

--【Discussion 5】If you were a patient, how would you describe your condition to your doctor first?

-5.1 Inquiry of Chills and fever

--5.1.1 Chills and fever(Aversion to cold with fever)

--5.1.2 Chills and fever(Chills without fever)

--5.1.3 Chills and fever(Fever without chills)

--5.1.4 Chills and fever(Alternative chills and fever)

--【Discussion 6】How to understand "if you have clinical manifestations of cold, that is exterior syndr

-5.2 Inquiry of perspiration

--5.2 Inquiry of perspiration

-Frequently Asked Questions

--Frequently Asked Questions

-Unit test for week 5

Week 6 Diagnosis methods: Inquiry (2)

-5.3 Inquiring of pain

--5.3 Inquiring of pain

--【Discussion 7】How to understand "stagnation leading to pain and innourish leading to pain"?

-5.4 Inquiring of head, body, thorax and abdomen

--5.4 Inquiring of head, body, thorax and abdomen

-5.5 Inquiring of ears and eyes

--5.5 Inquiring of ears and eyes

-5.6 Inquiring of sleep

--5.6 Inquiring of sleep

-5.7 Inquiring of food and drink, appetite and taste

--5.7 Inquiring of food and drink, appetite and taste

-5.8 Inquiring of defecation and urination

--5.8.1 Inquiring of defecation

--5.8.2 Inquiring of urination

-5.9 Inquiring of infantile and women's disease

--5.9 Inquiring of infantile and women's disease

-Unit test for week 6

Week 7 Diagnosis methods: Observation (1)

-6.0 Outline of Observation

--6.0 Outline of Observation

--【Discussion 8】Please use the whole body inspection (including the expression, complexion and figure)

-6.1.1 Observation of vitality

--6.1.1 Observation of vitality

-6.1.2 Observation of the color

--6.1.2.1 The content, principles of inspection of the color

--6.1.2.2 Indication of diseases by five colors

--【Discussion 9】How do you understand the normal complexion of a normal people?

-6.1.3 Observation of the appearance

--6.1.3 Observation of the appearance

-6.1.4 Observation of figure and posture

--6.1.4 Observation of figure and posture

-Unit test for week 7

Week 8 Diagnosis methods: Observation (2)

-6.2.1 Observation of head and face

--6.2.1 Observation of head and face

-6.2.2 Observation of five sensory organs

--6.2.2.1Observation of five sensory organs(observation of eyes,ears,nose)

--6.2.2.2Observation of five sensory organs(observation of lips,teeth and gums,throat)

-6.2.3 Observation of body

--6.2.3 Observation of body

-6.2.4 Observation of limbs

--6.2.4 Observation of limbs

-6.2.5 Observation of two lower orifices

--6.2.5 Observation of two lower orifices

-6.2.6 Observation of skin

--6.2.6 Observation of skin

-6.3 Observation of excreta

--6.3 Observation of excreta

-6.4 Observation of infantile fingerprints

--6.4 Observation of infantile fingerprints

-Frequently Asked Questions

--Frequently Asked Questions

-Unit test for week 8

Week 9 Diagnosis methods: Inspection of tongue

-7.1 Outline of tongue inspection

--7.1.1 The morphology and structure of the tongue

--7.1.2 The principle of tongue examination

--7.1.3 The method and precaution of tongue examination

--7.1.4 The content of tongue examination, normal tongue

-7.2 Inspection of tongue structure

--7.2.1 Observe the color of tongue

--7.2.2 Observe the shape of tongue

--7.2.3 Observe the states of tongue

--7.2.4 Observation of sublingual vein

-7.3 Observation of tongue coating

--7.3.1 Observation of coating texture

--7.3.2 Observe the color of coating

-7.4 Clinical significance of tongue diagnosis

--7.4 Clinical significance of tongue diagnosis

--【Discussion 10】Why to observe the tongue can be used to diagnose disease?

-Unit test for week 9

Week 10 Diagnosis methods::Pulse examination

-8.1 The principle of pulse examination

--8.1 The principle of pulse examination

-8.2 The regions and methods of pulse examination

--8.2 The regions and methods of pulse examination

-8.3 The elements of pulse examination and the normal pulse

--8.3 The elements of pulse examination and the normal pulse

-8.4 Characteristics and significance of pulse

--8.4.1 Superficial pulse, deep pulse, slow pulse, rapid pulse

--8.4.2 Surging pulse, thin pulse, long pulse, short pulse

--8.4.3 Feeble pulse, forceful pulse, slippery pulse, uneven

--8.4.4 Taut pulse, tense pulse,soggy pulse, moderate pulse

--8.4.5 Knotted, slow-regular-intermittent, irregularly abrupt

-8.5 Similar pulse, concurrent pulse, pulse indicating deterioration of visceral qi۞

--8.5 Similar pulse, concurrent pulse, pulse indicating deterioration of visceral qi۞

--【Discussion 11】Why is complex pulse more common than single-factor pulse?

-8.6 Women’s pulse, children’s pulse

--8.6 Women’s pulse, children’s pulse

-8.7 The clinical significance of pulse diagnosis

--8.7 The clinical significance of pulse diagnosis

-Unit test for week 10

Week 11 Diagnosis methods:Listening and smelling examination

-9.1 Listening

--9.1 Listening

-9.2.1 Abnormal sound

--9.2.1 Abnormal sound

-9.2.2 Abnormal language

--9.2.2 Abnormal language

-9.2.3 Respiratory abnormality

--9.2.3 Respiratory abnormality

-9.2.4 Cough

--9.2.4 Cough

--【Discussion 12】How to observe the patient's cough sound and sputum changes to determine whether the

-9.2.5 Abnormal sounds of the stomach and intestines

--9.2.5 Abnormal sounds of the stomach and intestines

-9.3 Smelling

--9.3 Smelling

--【Discussion 13】How to diagnose by smelling?

-Unit test for week 11

Week 12 Diagnosis methods:Palpation

-10.1 The method, meaning and precautions of palpation

--10.1 The method, meaning and precautions of palpation

-10.2 Contents of palpation

--10.2.1 Palpating chest and hypochondrium

--10.2.2 Palpating stomach and abdomen

--10.2.3 Palpating skin

--10.2.4 Palpating hands and feet, palpating acupoints

--【Discussion 14】How to determine whether external or internal injuries?

-Unit test for week 12

Conclusion

-Conclusion

--Conclusion

Final Exam

-Final Exam

--Final Exam

7.2.3 Observe the states of tongue笔记与讨论

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