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8.1 The principle of pulse examination课程教案、知识点、字幕

同学们好

今天我们开始学习中医脉诊

脉诊又称切脉 是医生用手指

对患者体表动脉进行切按

体验脉动应指的形象(又称为脉象)

脉诊 是为了了解健康和病情

辨别病证的一种诊断方法

脉诊是中医切诊的重要组成部分

也是中医特色的诊断方法之一

脉诊依靠手指的灵敏触觉

加以体验和识别

因此学习脉诊

既要熟悉脉学的基本知识

又要掌握切脉的基本技能

反复练习 仔细体会

才能逐步识别各种脉象

并有效地运用于临床

首先我们学习脉诊形成的原理

中医医生用三个手指头切按病人的脉搏

切脉为什么可以诊病

脉象是脉动应指的形象

是手指感觉脉搏跳动的形象

人体的血脉贯通全身

内联脏腑 外达肌表

运行气血 周流不息

所以脉象能够反映全身的脏腑功能

气血阴阳的综合信息

脉象的产生

与心脏的搏动

心气的盛衰

脉管的通利和气血的盈亏

以及各脏腑的协调作用直接相关

首先

心和脉是形成脉象的主要脏器

心脏的搏动是形成脉象的主要动力

它主要受到心气 心血 心阴 心阳影响

与脉象直接相关

而脉管的舒缩 为气血运行的通道

脉有约束和推进血流的作用

直接影响脉象

另外 心阴 心阳的协调

与脉象的形成有密切的关系

心阴 心血是心脏生理活动的物质基础

心气 心阳是心脏功能活动

心阴 心阳的协调 是维持脉搏正常的基本条件

当心气旺盛 血液充盈

心阴 心阳调和 心脏搏动节奏和谐有力

脉搏从容和缓 均匀有力

反之则脉搏过大过小 过强过弱

过迟过速 或节律失常等变化

其次 气血是形成脉象的物质基础

气血是构成人体组织和维持生命活动的物质基础

气属阳

推动和固摄血液的运行

气的推动作用 使血液运行不息

气的固摄作用 可以助脉壅遏营气

因此 气的作用对脉象影响很大

血液 是脉象形成的物质基础

因此 血液的盈亏 直接关系脉的大小

脉象的形成

不仅与心 脉 气 血有关

同时与脏腑的整体功能活动有密切的关系

比如

肺主气 司呼吸 朝百脉

所以肺气可以助心以行血

脾胃

脾胃运化水谷精微

为气血生化之源

脾胃产生的气血 是脉象形成的物质基础

脾统血

又可以统摄血液的运行

使血不至于溢出于脉外

肝藏血 主疏泄

可以调节血量和血行

肾藏精 为全身阴阳的根本

因此 肾精是脉的根本

同时 精血相生 肾精可以转化为肝血

保证血脉的充盈

综上所述 脉象的形成

不仅与心 脉 气 血有关

同时与脏腑的整体功能活动关系密切

因此 脉象可反映脏腑的功能活动

以及气血的盛衰

可以诊断脏腑及气血的病变

以上是脉象形成的原理

本节课就上到这里

Diagnostics in Chinese Medicine课程列表:

Week 1 Introduction

-Introductory remark

--Introductory remark

--QQ groups、WeChat public account

-Introduction

--Introduction

--【Discussion 1】Why do you want to take this course?

-Unit test for Introduction

Week 1 Basic Theory of Chinese Medicine 1:Yin-Yang and Five Elements Theory

-1.1 Yin-yang theory

--1.1 Yin-yang theory

-1.2 The theory of five elements

--1.2.1 The theory of five elements

--1.2.2 Application of the theory of five elements

-Frequently Asked Questions

--Frequently Asked Questions

-Unit test for week 1

Week 2 Basic Theory of Chinese Medicine 2:Zang-Fu Theory

-2.0 Outline

--2.0 Outline

--【Discussion 2】How to understand the holistic view centered on the Zang Fu theory?

-2.1 Liver

--2.1 Liver

--【Discussion 3】Why is repose more important than vigorous exercise in recuperation for patients with

-2.2 Heart

--2.2 Heart

-2.3 Spleen

--2.3 Spleen

-2.4 Lung

--2.4 Lung

-2.5 Kidney

--2.5 Kidney

-2.6 Six fu organs

--2.6 Six fu organs

-Frequently Asked Questions

--Frequently Asked Questions

-Unit test for week 2

Week 3 Basic Theory of Chinese Medicine 3:Qi,Blood and Body Fluid Theory

-3.1 Qi

--3.1 Qi

-3.2 Blood

--3.2 Blood

-3.3 Body fluid

--3.3 Body fluid

-3.4 The relationship of qi, blood and body fluid

--3.4 The relationship of qi, blood and body fluid

--【Discussion 4】A discussion about the theory of qi, blood and body fluid

-Frequently Asked Questions

--Frequently Asked Questions

-Unit test for week 3

Week 4 Basic Theory of Chinese Medicine 4: The theory of etiologic factor

-4.0 Outline

--4.0 Outline

-4.1 Six exogenous factors

--4.1.1 Six exogenous factors

--4.1.2 Nature and pathogenicity of wind and cold

--4.1.3 Nature and pathogenicity of summer heat and damp

--4.1.4 Nature and pathogenicity of dryness and fire

-4.2 Etiology of visceral impairment

--4.2 Etiology of visceral impairment

-Frequently Asked Questions

--Frequently Asked Questions

-Unit test for week 4

Week 5 Diagnosis methods: Inquiry (1)

-5.0 Outline of inquiry

--5.0.1 Outline of inquiry(1)

--5.0.2 Outline of inquiry(2)

--【Discussion 5】If you were a patient, how would you describe your condition to your doctor first?

-5.1 Inquiry of Chills and fever

--5.1.1 Chills and fever(Aversion to cold with fever)

--5.1.2 Chills and fever(Chills without fever)

--5.1.3 Chills and fever(Fever without chills)

--5.1.4 Chills and fever(Alternative chills and fever)

--【Discussion 6】How to understand "if you have clinical manifestations of cold, that is exterior syndr

-5.2 Inquiry of perspiration

--5.2 Inquiry of perspiration

-Frequently Asked Questions

--Frequently Asked Questions

-Unit test for week 5

Week 6 Diagnosis methods: Inquiry (2)

-5.3 Inquiring of pain

--5.3 Inquiring of pain

--【Discussion 7】How to understand "stagnation leading to pain and innourish leading to pain"?

-5.4 Inquiring of head, body, thorax and abdomen

--5.4 Inquiring of head, body, thorax and abdomen

-5.5 Inquiring of ears and eyes

--5.5 Inquiring of ears and eyes

-5.6 Inquiring of sleep

--5.6 Inquiring of sleep

-5.7 Inquiring of food and drink, appetite and taste

--5.7 Inquiring of food and drink, appetite and taste

-5.8 Inquiring of defecation and urination

--5.8.1 Inquiring of defecation

--5.8.2 Inquiring of urination

-5.9 Inquiring of infantile and women's disease

--5.9 Inquiring of infantile and women's disease

-Unit test for week 6

Week 7 Diagnosis methods: Observation (1)

-6.0 Outline of Observation

--6.0 Outline of Observation

--【Discussion 8】Please use the whole body inspection (including the expression, complexion and figure)

-6.1.1 Observation of vitality

--6.1.1 Observation of vitality

-6.1.2 Observation of the color

--6.1.2.1 The content, principles of inspection of the color

--6.1.2.2 Indication of diseases by five colors

--【Discussion 9】How do you understand the normal complexion of a normal people?

-6.1.3 Observation of the appearance

--6.1.3 Observation of the appearance

-6.1.4 Observation of figure and posture

--6.1.4 Observation of figure and posture

-Unit test for week 7

Week 8 Diagnosis methods: Observation (2)

-6.2.1 Observation of head and face

--6.2.1 Observation of head and face

-6.2.2 Observation of five sensory organs

--6.2.2.1Observation of five sensory organs(observation of eyes,ears,nose)

--6.2.2.2Observation of five sensory organs(observation of lips,teeth and gums,throat)

-6.2.3 Observation of body

--6.2.3 Observation of body

-6.2.4 Observation of limbs

--6.2.4 Observation of limbs

-6.2.5 Observation of two lower orifices

--6.2.5 Observation of two lower orifices

-6.2.6 Observation of skin

--6.2.6 Observation of skin

-6.3 Observation of excreta

--6.3 Observation of excreta

-6.4 Observation of infantile fingerprints

--6.4 Observation of infantile fingerprints

-Frequently Asked Questions

--Frequently Asked Questions

-Unit test for week 8

Week 9 Diagnosis methods: Inspection of tongue

-7.1 Outline of tongue inspection

--7.1.1 The morphology and structure of the tongue

--7.1.2 The principle of tongue examination

--7.1.3 The method and precaution of tongue examination

--7.1.4 The content of tongue examination, normal tongue

-7.2 Inspection of tongue structure

--7.2.1 Observe the color of tongue

--7.2.2 Observe the shape of tongue

--7.2.3 Observe the states of tongue

--7.2.4 Observation of sublingual vein

-7.3 Observation of tongue coating

--7.3.1 Observation of coating texture

--7.3.2 Observe the color of coating

-7.4 Clinical significance of tongue diagnosis

--7.4 Clinical significance of tongue diagnosis

--【Discussion 10】Why to observe the tongue can be used to diagnose disease?

-Unit test for week 9

Week 10 Diagnosis methods::Pulse examination

-8.1 The principle of pulse examination

--8.1 The principle of pulse examination

-8.2 The regions and methods of pulse examination

--8.2 The regions and methods of pulse examination

-8.3 The elements of pulse examination and the normal pulse

--8.3 The elements of pulse examination and the normal pulse

-8.4 Characteristics and significance of pulse

--8.4.1 Superficial pulse, deep pulse, slow pulse, rapid pulse

--8.4.2 Surging pulse, thin pulse, long pulse, short pulse

--8.4.3 Feeble pulse, forceful pulse, slippery pulse, uneven

--8.4.4 Taut pulse, tense pulse,soggy pulse, moderate pulse

--8.4.5 Knotted, slow-regular-intermittent, irregularly abrupt

-8.5 Similar pulse, concurrent pulse, pulse indicating deterioration of visceral qi۞

--8.5 Similar pulse, concurrent pulse, pulse indicating deterioration of visceral qi۞

--【Discussion 11】Why is complex pulse more common than single-factor pulse?

-8.6 Women’s pulse, children’s pulse

--8.6 Women’s pulse, children’s pulse

-8.7 The clinical significance of pulse diagnosis

--8.7 The clinical significance of pulse diagnosis

-Unit test for week 10

Week 11 Diagnosis methods:Listening and smelling examination

-9.1 Listening

--9.1 Listening

-9.2.1 Abnormal sound

--9.2.1 Abnormal sound

-9.2.2 Abnormal language

--9.2.2 Abnormal language

-9.2.3 Respiratory abnormality

--9.2.3 Respiratory abnormality

-9.2.4 Cough

--9.2.4 Cough

--【Discussion 12】How to observe the patient's cough sound and sputum changes to determine whether the

-9.2.5 Abnormal sounds of the stomach and intestines

--9.2.5 Abnormal sounds of the stomach and intestines

-9.3 Smelling

--9.3 Smelling

--【Discussion 13】How to diagnose by smelling?

-Unit test for week 11

Week 12 Diagnosis methods:Palpation

-10.1 The method, meaning and precautions of palpation

--10.1 The method, meaning and precautions of palpation

-10.2 Contents of palpation

--10.2.1 Palpating chest and hypochondrium

--10.2.2 Palpating stomach and abdomen

--10.2.3 Palpating skin

--10.2.4 Palpating hands and feet, palpating acupoints

--【Discussion 14】How to determine whether external or internal injuries?

-Unit test for week 12

Conclusion

-Conclusion

--Conclusion

Final Exam

-Final Exam

--Final Exam

8.1 The principle of pulse examination笔记与讨论

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