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肿瘤的扩散
具有浸润性生长的恶性肿瘤
不仅可以在
原发部位继续生长蔓延
而且还可以通过多种途径
扩散到身体其它部位
表现是
局部浸润和直接蔓延
以及是转移这两种形式
第一种形式
局部浸润和直接蔓延
它强调原发瘤
沿着周边组织间歇向局部
直接浸润蔓延
和原发瘤是连续不断的
比如说
子宫颈癌的直接浸润
它向周边可以直接浸润
蔓延到盆腔边
向前边
可以直接蔓延破坏膀胱
向后边
可以直接蔓延破坏直肠
向上边
可以直接蔓延破坏子宫体
二 转移
什么是转移
瘤细胞从原发部位侵入淋巴管
血管或者体腔
被带到他处而继续生长
形成与原发瘤同样类型的肿瘤
这个过程就称为转移
所形成的肿瘤
我们称它叫转移瘤或者是继发瘤
这个概念强调两个关健词
一个是带到他处
它是跳跃的和原发瘤不连续的
第二 关键词强调的是
继发瘤一定要和原发瘤一致
才能表明
是原发瘤转移过去的
比如说
胃癌转移到肝脏
我们把它称为叫肝转移性胃癌
转移有三种途径
第一 淋巴道转移
癌细胞侵入淋巴管
首先达到局部的淋巴结
然后
可以逐渐转移到第二站
第三站以及远处的淋巴结
转移的淋巴结
常常表现是淋巴结肿大
质地变硬
临床的意义主要是在
我们的手术的时候
要注意淋巴结的清扫
第二 血道转移
瘤细胞侵入血管
转移到远隔的器官
瘤细胞通常容易突破静脉
因为静脉要比动脉
来得薄
突破静脉的这些瘤细胞
随着血流运行到达腔静脉
回到右心
右心把它打到肺脏
因此
血道转移最常见的器官就是肺
胃肠道的肿瘤
可以通过肠系膜静脉
而转移到门静脉系统
门静脉可以进入肝脏
因此 肝脏也是血道转移的
常见的器官
第三 种植性转移
体腔的器官的肿瘤生长
蔓延出器官表面的时候
瘤细胞可以脱落
并像播种一样
种植在体腔
里边的各个器官的表面
形成多数转移性瘤
这种转移方式
我们把它称为叫种植性转移
或者播种
常见于腹腔器官的癌种
比如说
胃癌 破坏胃壁
可以种植于腹腔
如果胃的粘液癌
种植到卵巢
在卵巢上边形成的转移瘤
我们把它称为叫
克鲁根勃氏瘤
-01-The basic condition of the air
--The basic condition of the air
-02-What is smog and its influence to the body
--What is smog and its influence to the body
-03-The structure and the function of human respiratory system
--The structure and the function of human respiratory system
-04-How the smog cause the human respiratory system disease
--How the smog cause the human respiratory system disease
-05-Asthma
--Asthma
-Exercise 01
-06-COPD
--COPD
-07-Lung cancer Ⅰ
-08-Lung cancer Ⅱ
-Exercise 02
-01 Dissection of genital organs
--Dissection of genital organs
-Exercise 01
-02 The formation of embryo and fetal appendage
--The formation of embryo and fetal appendage
-Exercise 02
-03 Characteristic of embryonic and fetal development
--Characteristic of embryonic and fetal development
-04 Maternal changes during pregnancy
--Maternal changes during pregnancy
-05 Four factors that affect childbirth
--Four factors that affect childbirth
-06 Mechanism of labor
-01 The energy requirement and the metabolic characteristics of kids
--The energy requirement and the metabolic characteristics of kids
-02 Need of the nutrition and metabolism of kids Ⅰ
--Need of the nutrition and metabolism of kids Ⅰ
-Exercise 01
-03 Need of the nutrition and metabolism of kids Ⅱ
--Need of the nutrition and metabolism of kids Ⅱ
-Exercise 02
-04 Guided feeding of infant Ⅰ
-Exercise 03
-05 Guided feeding of infant Ⅱ
-06 Guided feeding of infant Ⅲ
-01 Introduction
-02 What is tumor
-03 The general shape of tumor
-04 The atypia of the tumor
-05 Name and classification of the tumor
--Name and classification of the tumor
-Exercise 01
-06 The growing type of the tumor
--The growing type of the tumor
-07 Spread of tumor
-Exercise 02
-08 The grading and staging of tumors and the effects to the body
--The grading and staging of tumors and the effects to the body
-09 The difference between benign and malignant tumors
--The difference between benign and malignant tumors
-10 The environmental causes of cancer
--The environmental causes of cancer
-11 Heredity and tumor
-01 Overview
--Overview
-02 Sudden cardiac arrest
-Exercise 01
-03 Non-professional life support
--Non-professional life support
-Exercise 02
-04 Professional life support
-Exercise 03
-05 Adult advanced life support Ⅰ
--Adult advanced life support Ⅰ
-Exercise 04
-06 Adult advanced life support Ⅱ
--Adult advanced life support Ⅱ
-Exercise 05
-07 Electric defibrillation
-01 Introduction
-02 Risk factors and pathogenesis of atherosclerosis
--Risk factors and pathogenesis of atherosclerosis
-03 Pathological changes of atherosclerosis
--Pathological changes of atherosclerosis
-Exercise 01
-04 Atherosclerosis of vital organs
--Atherosclerosis of vital organs
-05 Coronary atherosclerotic heart disease
--Coronary atherosclerotic heart disease
-Tips 03
--Tips 03
-06 Primary hypertension
-Exercise 02
-07 The etiology and pathogenesis of hypertension
--The etiology and pathogenesis of hypertension
-08 The types and pathologic changes of essential hypertension
--The types and pathologic changes of essential hypertension
-Exercise 03
-01 Overview Ⅰ
-02 Overview Ⅱ
-03 What is virus
-Exercise 01
-04 The structure and functions of influenza viruses
--The structure and functions of influenza viruses
-Exercise 02
-05 Different type of influenza viruses
--Different type of influenza viruses
-Exercise 03
-06 Bird flu
--Bird flu
-Exercise 04
-07 Street virus
-Exercie 05
-01 Introduction
-02 Chronic gastritis caused by helicobacter pylori infection
--Chronic gastritis caused by helicobacter pylori infection
-Exercise 01
-03 Helicobacter pylori causes peptic ulcer
--Helicobacter pylori causes peptic ulcer
-Exercise 02
-04 Pathological changes of peptic ulcer
--Pathological changes of peptic ulcer
-Exercise 03
-05 Gastric cancer
-01 The evolution of biological motion
--The evolution of biological motion
-02 Biomechanics of human motion
--Biomechanics of human motion
-Exercise 01
-03 The perfect unity of function and structure
--The perfect unity of function and structure
-Exercise 02
-04 A brief history of trauma orthopedic development Ⅰ
--A brief history of trauma orthopedic development Ⅰ
-05 A brief history of trauma orthopedic development Ⅱ
--A brief history of trauma orthopedic development Ⅱ
-Exercise 03
-06 Sprain and fracture of the ankle joint
--Sprain and fracture of the ankle joint
-Exercise 04
-07 Ankle sprain
-Exercise 05
-08 Prevention of ankle sprain
-Final Exam