当前课程知识点:Geology and Engineering Geology > 0 Introduction > 0.2 Tasks for Engineering Geology > Chapter 0.2 Tasks for Engineering Geology
返回《Geology and Engineering Geology》慕课在线视频课程列表
返回《Geology and Engineering Geology》慕课在线视频列表
同学们好 欢迎来到地质学与工程地质课程
这节课我们以水利工程为例
来看一下历史上由于不重视工程地质工作
或者是说对工程区的工程地质问题没有认识清楚
而带来的灾难和教训
从而更好的认识工程地质所面临的任务
据不完全统计 100年来
世界上仅水坝失事就有500多起
其中很大一部分是由于地质原因引起的
其中以重力坝为例
由于地质问题而引起的事故占了总事故的45%
在大坝建筑史上可以说有两个事故
是人们认识工程地质重要性的重要转折点
一个是法国莱茵河上的马尔帕塞坝
大坝在1954年9月份建成 坝高66.5米
是当时世界上最薄的拱坝之一
坝区为片麻岩 这是坝址区地质结构与拱坝的关系
从这张图上我们可以看出
左岸的裂隙比较发育
并夹有绢云母的页岩且倾向下游
形成了潜在的软弱滑动面
1959年12月该地区连日暴雨水位猛涨
坝基的负荷骤增
在12月2日突然溃决
造成了500余人死亡和失踪
财产损失达到300多亿法郎
也是世界拱坝建筑史上
第一次重大的失事事故
另外一个例子就是意大利的瓦伊昂拱坝
坝高呢是262米 大坝在1961年建成
也是当时世界上最高的双曲拱坝
在坝前左岸山体是一个古滑坡
那么滑坡体的岩层倾向坡外
形成一个大范围的不稳定的岩体
而且滑坡体内有些软弱的岩层
尤其是里面有一层黏土夹层
形成了主要的滑动面
在大坝施工期间设计人员
不理会地质人员的多次建议
1960年2月蓄水期间
左岸斜坡发生大规模的裂缝
在10月份水位达到635米高程
山体局部开始塌方
并且在坝前形成了高达10米的涌浪
在1963年9月28日这个地区也是普降大雨
到了10月9日
左岸山体发生大面积的滑坡
形成了250米高的涌浪
浪体漫过坝顶
约有300万方的水注入深200多米的下游河谷
原来美丽的山庄被大水冲走
造成了3000多人的死亡
但是在这场灾难中
大坝除了左坝肩的混凝土被冲坏一段外
坝体基本没有受到严重的破坏
现在仍然保持完好无损
这两个大坝事故呢
也成为工程地质界的经典案例
以致频频出现在国内外的
有关工程地质资料的介绍中
当然还有很多由于对工程地质条件认识的不深入
而造成一些工程灾难事故
或者由于人类工程的活动
过度的开采地质资源
打破了地质环境原有的平衡状态
而影响着人类工程的活动
这些也给我们留下了宝贵的经验和教训
所以说要实现人类的可持续发展
必须使人类的工程活动
与地质环境处在一个动态的平衡中
也就是人地协调
一旦这个平衡被打破
自然界将给人类不同程度的惩罚
那么工程地质学作为一门学科
它所面临的任务是什么呢
那么基本任务就是研究人类工程活动
与地质环境之间的相互制约关系
使工程建设经济安全
又能合理的开发和保护地质环境
工程地质学的主要任务呢
是在大规模的改造自然环境过程中
如何按照地质规律办事
有效地改造地质环境
-0.1 Human Engineering Activities and the Geological Environment
--Chapter 0.1 Human Engineering Activities and the Geological Environment
-0.2 Tasks for Engineering Geology
--Chapter 0.2 Tasks for Engineering Geology
-0 Quiz--Homework
-1.1 Formations and Evolution of the Earth
--Chapter 2.1 Formations and Evolution of the Earth
-1.2 Basic Attributes of the Earth
--Chapter 1.2 Basic Attributes of the Earth
-1.3 Construction of the Geo-sphere and the Geological Processes
--Chapter 1.3 Construction of the Geo-sphere and the Geological Processes
-1 Quiz--Homework
-2.1 Crustal Movement
--Chapter 2.1 Crustal Movement
-2.2 Magmatism
-2.3 Metamorphism
-2.4 Earthquake
-2 Quiz--Homework
-3.1 Introduction
-3.2 Weathering Effects
--chapter 3.2.1 Physical Weathering
--chapter 3.2.2 Chemical and Biological Weathering
--chapter 3.2.3 Weathering Products and Influencing Factors of the Weathering Process
-3.2 Weathering Effects--Homework
-3.3 Geological Effects of the Flowing Surface Water
--chapter 3.3.1 Geologic Process of Temporary Torrents
--chapter 3.3.2.1 River Erosion Effects
--chapter 3.3.2.2 River Transport and Sedimentation Effects
-3.3 Geological Effects of the Flowing Surface Water--Homework
-3.4 Geological Effects of Winds
--Chapter 3.4 Geological Effects of Winds
-3.4 Geological Effects of Winds--Homework
-3.5 Geological Effects of Glaciers
--Chapter 3.5 Geological Effects of Glaciers
-3.5 Geological Effects of Glaciers--Homework
-3 Quiz Easy--Homework
-3 Quiz Enhanced--Homework
-4.1 Minerals
--Chapter 4.1.1 Minerals and Their Morphological Characteristics
--4.1.2 Minerals and Rocks-Mineral Characteristics-Physical and Mechanical Prop
--Chapter 4.1.3 Visual Identification of Common Minerals
-4.1 Minerals--Homework
-4.2 Magmatic Rocks
--Chapter 4.2.1 Main Mineral Compositions of Magmatic Rocks
--Chapter 4.2.2 Texture and Structure of Magmatic Rocks
--Chapter 4.2.3 Common Classification and Identification Methods for Magmatic Rocks
--Chapter 4.2.4 Basic Characteristics of Common Magmatic Rocks Ⅰ
--Chapter 4.2.5 Basic Characteristics of Common Magmatic Rocks Ⅱ
-4.2 Magmatic Rocks--Homework
-4.3 Sedimentary Rocks
--Chapter 4.3.1 Material Compositions of Sedimentary Rocks
--Chapter 4.3.2 Texture and Structure of Sedimentary Rocks
--Chapter 4.3.3 Basic Characteristics of Common Sedimentary Rocks
-4.3 Sedimentary Rocks--Homework
-4.4 Metamorphic Rocks
--Chapter 4.4.1 Mineral Composition and their Texture andStructure
--Chapter 4.4.2 Basic Characteristics of Metamorphic Rocks
-4.4 Metamorphic Rocks--Homework
-第4章 Quiz Easy--Homework
-第4章 Quiz Enhanced--Homework
-5 The Geologic Times
--Chapter 5 The Geologic Times
-5 Quiz--Homework
-6.1 Horizontal Structure and Dipping Structure
--Chapter 6.1 Horizontal Structure and Dipping Structure
-6.2 Fold Structure
-6.3 Fault Structure
--Chapter 6.3.2 Characteristics and Types of Faults
--Chapter 6.3.3 Fault Identification in the Wild
-6 Quiz Easy--Homework
-6 Quiz Enhanced--Homework
-7.1 ntroduction
--Chapter 7.1.1 Types of Geological Maps
--Chapter 7.1.2 Scale of Geological Maps
-7.2 Presentation of the Geological Maps
--Chapter 7.2.1 Formation Lithology
--Chapter 7.2.2 Geological Structure
--Chapter 7.2.3 Contact Relations Between Stratas
-7.3 Reading and Analysis of the Geological Maps
--Chapter 7.3 Reading and Analysis of the Geological Maps
-7 Quiz Easy--Homework
-7 Quiz Enhanced--Homework
-8.1 Basic Conceptuals
--Chapter 8.1 Basic Conceptuals
-8.1 Basic Conceptuals--Homework
-8.2 Reservation and Movements of Ground Water
--Chapter 8.2 Reservation and Movements of Ground Water
-8.2 Reservation and Movements of Ground Water--Homework
-8.3 Movements of the Ground Water
--Chapter 8.3 Movements of the Ground Water
-8.3 Movements of the Ground Water--Homework
-8.4 Ground Water Quality
--Chapter 8.4 Ground Water Quality
-8.4 Ground Water Quality--Homework
-8.5 Ground Water Related Issues on Engineering Geology
--Chapter 8.5 Ground Water Related Issues on Engineering Geology
-8.5 Ground Water Related Issues on Engineering Geoligical Problem--Homework
-8 Quiz Easy--Homework
-8 Quiz Enhanced--Homework
-9.1 Soil Mass
-9.1 Soil Mass--Homework
-9.2 Attributes of Soils
--Chapter 9.2.1 Physical Properties of Soil
--Chapter 9.2.2 Water-Physical Properties of Soil
--Chapter 9.2.3 Mechanical Properties of Soil
-9.2 Attributes of Soils--Homework
-9.3 Engineering Classification of Soils
--Chapter 9.3 Engineering Classification of Soils
-9.4 Special Soils and Its Engineering Attributes
--Chapter 9.4.1 Soft Soil and Its Engimeering Attributes
--Chapter 9.4.2 Loess and Its Engineering Attributes
--Chapter 9.4.3 Expansive Soil adn Its Engineering Attributes
-9.4 Special Soils and Its Engineering Attributes--Homework
-9 Quiz Easy--Homework
-9 Quiz Enhanced--Homework
-10.1 Introduction
--10.1 Introduction--Homework
-10.2 Physical and Water-Physical Properties of Rocks
--Chapter 10.2 Physical and Water-Physical Properties of Rocks
--10.2 Physical and Water-Physical Properties of Rocks--Homework
-10.3 Mechanical Properties of Rocks
--Chapter 10.3.1 Deformation Characteristics
--10.3 Mechanical Properties of Rocks--Homework
-10.4 Structural Plane and Structural Body of Rock Mass
--Chapter 10.4 Structural Plane and Structural Body of Rock Mass
--10.4 Structural Plane and Structural Body of Rock Mass--Homework
-10.5 Features and Mechanical Properties of the Structural Plane
--Chapter 10.5.1 Properties of Structural Plane
--Chapter 10.5.2 Mechanical Properties of Structural Plane
--10.5 Features and Mechanical Properties of the Structural Plane--Homework
-10.6 Mechanical Properties of Rock Mass
--Chapter 10.6 Mechanical Properties of Rock Mass
--10.6 Mechanical Properties of Rock Mass--Homework
-10.7 Engineering Classification of Rock Mass
--Chapter 10.7.1 Engineering Classification of Rock Mass Ⅰ
--Chapter 10.7.2 Engineering Classification of Rock Mass Ⅱ
--10.7 Engineering Classification of Rock Mass--Homework
-10 Quiz Easy--Homework
-10 Quiz Enhanced--Homework
-11.1 Slope Deformation and Destruction
--Chapter 11.1.1 Slope Deformation
--Chapter 11.1.2 Slope Destruction
-11.1 Analysis on the Stability of Slopes--Homework
-11.2 Factors on the Stability of Slopes
--Chapter 11.2 Factors on the Stability of Slopes
-11.3 Analysis on the Stability of Slopes
--Chapter 11.3 Analysis on the Stability of Slopes
-11.3 Analysis on the Stability of Slopes--Homework
-11.4 Structural Analysis Method on Rocky Slope Stability
--Chapter 11.4.1 Stereographic Projection Method Ⅰ
--Chapter 11.4.2 Stereographic Projection Method Ⅱ
-11.5 Measures for Preventing and Controlling the Slope Deformation
--Chapter 11.5 Measures for Preventing and Controlling the Slope Deformation
-11.5 Measures for Preventing and Controlling the Slope Deformation--Homework
-11 Quiz Easy--Homework
-11 Quiz Enhanced--Homework
-12.1 Underground Caverns and the Stress Distribution
--Chapter 12.1 Underground Caverns and the Stress Distribution
-12.1 Underground Caverns and the Stress Distribution--Homework
-12.2 Deformation and Destruction of the Adjacent Rocks
--Chapter 12.2.1 Brittle Adjacent Rock
--Chapter 12.2.2 Plastic Surrounding Rock and Surrounding Rock Stability Sign
-12.3 Factors on Stability of the Adjacent Rocks
--Chapter 12.3 Factors on Stability of the Adjacent Rocks
-12.4 Measures for Preventing Instability of the Adjacent Rocks
--Chapter 12.4 Measures for Preventing Instability of the Adjacent Rocks
-12 Quiz--Homework
-13.1 Dam Foundation of the Water Conservancy Project
--Chapter 13.1.1 Dam Types and Requirements for Engineering Geological Conditions
--Chapter 13.1.2 Deformation Failure Mode and Stability Analysis
-13.2 Common Methods of Foundation Constructions
--Chapter 13.2 Common Methods of Foundation Constructions
-13 Quiz--Homework
-14.1 Reservoir Leakage
--Chapter 14.1 Reservoir Leakage
-14.2 Stability of the Reservoir Bank
--Chapter 14.2 Stability of the Reservoir Bank
-14.3 Reservoir Surrounding Immersions and Sedimentations
--Chapter 14.3 Reservoir Surrounding Immersions and Sedimentations
-14 Quiz--Homework
-15.1 Introduction
-15.2 Engineering Geological Mapping
--Chapter 15.2.1 Research Content
--Chapter 15.2.2 Structural Plane Statistics
-15.3 Engineering Geological Exploration and Field Experiments
--Chapter 15.3 Engineering Geological Exploration and Field Experiments
-15.4 Instructions on the Geological Compass
--Chapter 15.4 Instructions on the Geological Compass
- Quiz--Homework