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在外部荷载的作用下结构面两侧的岩块
将沿着结构面发生变形
当荷载超过一定值时将发生破坏和滑动
这节课我们就来学习结构面的力学性质
与岩石的力学性质相似
结构面的力学性质主要包括
变形和强度两个方面
根据结构面的变形特征
可以大致将它划分为两类
一种就是脆性破坏的结构面
比如一些密闭的结构面
和一些硬性接触的结构面
另一种是塑性破坏的结构面
主要是一些半坚硬或者是较软的结构面
以及光滑结构面和泥质充填的结构面
对于脆性破坏的结构面
它的剪应力-剪切位移曲线
大致可以分为四个阶段
在剪切开始的时候
曲线是呈直线型
随着剪应力的增加结构面逐渐发生张裂
一些较大的凸台逐渐被剪切产生裂纹
之后裂纹不断地扩展直至被剪断
达到曲线的最高点
那么这时的应力也就是结构面的抗剪强度
随后剪应力急剧下降
随着剪切变形的发展
一些小的凸台也不断被剪断
因此曲线或者是剪应力会出现波动现象
最后试样将沿着剪断后的
相对平滑的结构面滑动
并最终达到残余抗剪强度
对于塑性破坏的结构面
它的剪应力、剪应变关系曲线
大致可以分为三个阶段
第一个也是弹性变形阶段
第二个是塑性屈服阶段
剪应变速率逐渐地增大
之后随着剪切变形的增加
剪应力变化非常的缓慢
呈现一种塑性流动破坏
最后以一定的速率沿着结构面滑动
整个变形破坏是连续的
没有像脆性变形破坏的结构面那样
出现剪应力急剧降低阶段
对于结构面的强度包括抗拉强度
和抗剪强度两种
但是一般来讲结构面的抗拉强度非常低
通常认为结构面没有抗拉强度
也就是说不承受拉应力作用
结构面的抗剪强度通常用
库伦准则来描述
τ是抗剪强度 σ是结构面上的法向应力
c和φ是结构面的粘聚力和内摩擦角
结构面的抗剪强度参数
通常可以采用室内或者是现场直剪试验来获得
结构面的力学性质主要取决于结构面的形态
张开充填程度、岩石的性质
及试样的尺寸等等
结构面越粗糙它的抗剪强度就越高
结构面两侧岩石的强度对于一些密闭
或者是微开型的结构面力学性质影响比较大
岩石强度越低
结构面的强度相对就越低
另一方面充填结构面特别是泥质充填结构面
会使它的强度大大降低
特别是进水后
由于孔隙水压力作用
通常使结构面丧失其抗剪强度
好 这节课我们学习了结构面的力学性质
通过这节课的学习
同学们要了解结构面的两种变形类型
掌握结构面的抗剪强度及试验方法
-0.1 Human Engineering Activities and the Geological Environment
--Chapter 0.1 Human Engineering Activities and the Geological Environment
-0.2 Tasks for Engineering Geology
--Chapter 0.2 Tasks for Engineering Geology
-0 Quiz--Homework
-1.1 Formations and Evolution of the Earth
--Chapter 2.1 Formations and Evolution of the Earth
-1.2 Basic Attributes of the Earth
--Chapter 1.2 Basic Attributes of the Earth
-1.3 Construction of the Geo-sphere and the Geological Processes
--Chapter 1.3 Construction of the Geo-sphere and the Geological Processes
-1 Quiz--Homework
-2.1 Crustal Movement
--Chapter 2.1 Crustal Movement
-2.2 Magmatism
-2.3 Metamorphism
-2.4 Earthquake
-2 Quiz--Homework
-3.1 Introduction
-3.2 Weathering Effects
--chapter 3.2.1 Physical Weathering
--chapter 3.2.2 Chemical and Biological Weathering
--chapter 3.2.3 Weathering Products and Influencing Factors of the Weathering Process
-3.2 Weathering Effects--Homework
-3.3 Geological Effects of the Flowing Surface Water
--chapter 3.3.1 Geologic Process of Temporary Torrents
--chapter 3.3.2.1 River Erosion Effects
--chapter 3.3.2.2 River Transport and Sedimentation Effects
-3.3 Geological Effects of the Flowing Surface Water--Homework
-3.4 Geological Effects of Winds
--Chapter 3.4 Geological Effects of Winds
-3.4 Geological Effects of Winds--Homework
-3.5 Geological Effects of Glaciers
--Chapter 3.5 Geological Effects of Glaciers
-3.5 Geological Effects of Glaciers--Homework
-3 Quiz Easy--Homework
-3 Quiz Enhanced--Homework
-4.1 Minerals
--Chapter 4.1.1 Minerals and Their Morphological Characteristics
--4.1.2 Minerals and Rocks-Mineral Characteristics-Physical and Mechanical Prop
--Chapter 4.1.3 Visual Identification of Common Minerals
-4.1 Minerals--Homework
-4.2 Magmatic Rocks
--Chapter 4.2.1 Main Mineral Compositions of Magmatic Rocks
--Chapter 4.2.2 Texture and Structure of Magmatic Rocks
--Chapter 4.2.3 Common Classification and Identification Methods for Magmatic Rocks
--Chapter 4.2.4 Basic Characteristics of Common Magmatic Rocks Ⅰ
--Chapter 4.2.5 Basic Characteristics of Common Magmatic Rocks Ⅱ
-4.2 Magmatic Rocks--Homework
-4.3 Sedimentary Rocks
--Chapter 4.3.1 Material Compositions of Sedimentary Rocks
--Chapter 4.3.2 Texture and Structure of Sedimentary Rocks
--Chapter 4.3.3 Basic Characteristics of Common Sedimentary Rocks
-4.3 Sedimentary Rocks--Homework
-4.4 Metamorphic Rocks
--Chapter 4.4.1 Mineral Composition and their Texture andStructure
--Chapter 4.4.2 Basic Characteristics of Metamorphic Rocks
-4.4 Metamorphic Rocks--Homework
-第4章 Quiz Easy--Homework
-第4章 Quiz Enhanced--Homework
-5 The Geologic Times
--Chapter 5 The Geologic Times
-5 Quiz--Homework
-6.1 Horizontal Structure and Dipping Structure
--Chapter 6.1 Horizontal Structure and Dipping Structure
-6.2 Fold Structure
-6.3 Fault Structure
--Chapter 6.3.2 Characteristics and Types of Faults
--Chapter 6.3.3 Fault Identification in the Wild
-6 Quiz Easy--Homework
-6 Quiz Enhanced--Homework
-7.1 ntroduction
--Chapter 7.1.1 Types of Geological Maps
--Chapter 7.1.2 Scale of Geological Maps
-7.2 Presentation of the Geological Maps
--Chapter 7.2.1 Formation Lithology
--Chapter 7.2.2 Geological Structure
--Chapter 7.2.3 Contact Relations Between Stratas
-7.3 Reading and Analysis of the Geological Maps
--Chapter 7.3 Reading and Analysis of the Geological Maps
-7 Quiz Easy--Homework
-7 Quiz Enhanced--Homework
-8.1 Basic Conceptuals
--Chapter 8.1 Basic Conceptuals
-8.1 Basic Conceptuals--Homework
-8.2 Reservation and Movements of Ground Water
--Chapter 8.2 Reservation and Movements of Ground Water
-8.2 Reservation and Movements of Ground Water--Homework
-8.3 Movements of the Ground Water
--Chapter 8.3 Movements of the Ground Water
-8.3 Movements of the Ground Water--Homework
-8.4 Ground Water Quality
--Chapter 8.4 Ground Water Quality
-8.4 Ground Water Quality--Homework
-8.5 Ground Water Related Issues on Engineering Geology
--Chapter 8.5 Ground Water Related Issues on Engineering Geology
-8.5 Ground Water Related Issues on Engineering Geoligical Problem--Homework
-8 Quiz Easy--Homework
-8 Quiz Enhanced--Homework
-9.1 Soil Mass
-9.1 Soil Mass--Homework
-9.2 Attributes of Soils
--Chapter 9.2.1 Physical Properties of Soil
--Chapter 9.2.2 Water-Physical Properties of Soil
--Chapter 9.2.3 Mechanical Properties of Soil
-9.2 Attributes of Soils--Homework
-9.3 Engineering Classification of Soils
--Chapter 9.3 Engineering Classification of Soils
-9.4 Special Soils and Its Engineering Attributes
--Chapter 9.4.1 Soft Soil and Its Engimeering Attributes
--Chapter 9.4.2 Loess and Its Engineering Attributes
--Chapter 9.4.3 Expansive Soil adn Its Engineering Attributes
-9.4 Special Soils and Its Engineering Attributes--Homework
-9 Quiz Easy--Homework
-9 Quiz Enhanced--Homework
-10.1 Introduction
--10.1 Introduction--Homework
-10.2 Physical and Water-Physical Properties of Rocks
--Chapter 10.2 Physical and Water-Physical Properties of Rocks
--10.2 Physical and Water-Physical Properties of Rocks--Homework
-10.3 Mechanical Properties of Rocks
--Chapter 10.3.1 Deformation Characteristics
--10.3 Mechanical Properties of Rocks--Homework
-10.4 Structural Plane and Structural Body of Rock Mass
--Chapter 10.4 Structural Plane and Structural Body of Rock Mass
--10.4 Structural Plane and Structural Body of Rock Mass--Homework
-10.5 Features and Mechanical Properties of the Structural Plane
--Chapter 10.5.1 Properties of Structural Plane
--Chapter 10.5.2 Mechanical Properties of Structural Plane
--10.5 Features and Mechanical Properties of the Structural Plane--Homework
-10.6 Mechanical Properties of Rock Mass
--Chapter 10.6 Mechanical Properties of Rock Mass
--10.6 Mechanical Properties of Rock Mass--Homework
-10.7 Engineering Classification of Rock Mass
--Chapter 10.7.1 Engineering Classification of Rock Mass Ⅰ
--Chapter 10.7.2 Engineering Classification of Rock Mass Ⅱ
--10.7 Engineering Classification of Rock Mass--Homework
-10 Quiz Easy--Homework
-10 Quiz Enhanced--Homework
-11.1 Slope Deformation and Destruction
--Chapter 11.1.1 Slope Deformation
--Chapter 11.1.2 Slope Destruction
-11.1 Analysis on the Stability of Slopes--Homework
-11.2 Factors on the Stability of Slopes
--Chapter 11.2 Factors on the Stability of Slopes
-11.3 Analysis on the Stability of Slopes
--Chapter 11.3 Analysis on the Stability of Slopes
-11.3 Analysis on the Stability of Slopes--Homework
-11.4 Structural Analysis Method on Rocky Slope Stability
--Chapter 11.4.1 Stereographic Projection Method Ⅰ
--Chapter 11.4.2 Stereographic Projection Method Ⅱ
-11.5 Measures for Preventing and Controlling the Slope Deformation
--Chapter 11.5 Measures for Preventing and Controlling the Slope Deformation
-11.5 Measures for Preventing and Controlling the Slope Deformation--Homework
-11 Quiz Easy--Homework
-11 Quiz Enhanced--Homework
-12.1 Underground Caverns and the Stress Distribution
--Chapter 12.1 Underground Caverns and the Stress Distribution
-12.1 Underground Caverns and the Stress Distribution--Homework
-12.2 Deformation and Destruction of the Adjacent Rocks
--Chapter 12.2.1 Brittle Adjacent Rock
--Chapter 12.2.2 Plastic Surrounding Rock and Surrounding Rock Stability Sign
-12.3 Factors on Stability of the Adjacent Rocks
--Chapter 12.3 Factors on Stability of the Adjacent Rocks
-12.4 Measures for Preventing Instability of the Adjacent Rocks
--Chapter 12.4 Measures for Preventing Instability of the Adjacent Rocks
-12 Quiz--Homework
-13.1 Dam Foundation of the Water Conservancy Project
--Chapter 13.1.1 Dam Types and Requirements for Engineering Geological Conditions
--Chapter 13.1.2 Deformation Failure Mode and Stability Analysis
-13.2 Common Methods of Foundation Constructions
--Chapter 13.2 Common Methods of Foundation Constructions
-13 Quiz--Homework
-14.1 Reservoir Leakage
--Chapter 14.1 Reservoir Leakage
-14.2 Stability of the Reservoir Bank
--Chapter 14.2 Stability of the Reservoir Bank
-14.3 Reservoir Surrounding Immersions and Sedimentations
--Chapter 14.3 Reservoir Surrounding Immersions and Sedimentations
-14 Quiz--Homework
-15.1 Introduction
-15.2 Engineering Geological Mapping
--Chapter 15.2.1 Research Content
--Chapter 15.2.2 Structural Plane Statistics
-15.3 Engineering Geological Exploration and Field Experiments
--Chapter 15.3 Engineering Geological Exploration and Field Experiments
-15.4 Instructions on the Geological Compass
--Chapter 15.4 Instructions on the Geological Compass
- Quiz--Homework
