当前课程知识点:Geology and Engineering Geology >  3 Exogenic Geological Process >  3.3 Geological Effects of the Flowing Surface Water  >  chapter 3.3.1 Geologic Process of Temporary Torrents

返回《Geology and Engineering Geology》慕课在线视频课程列表

chapter 3.3.1 Geologic Process of Temporary Torrents在线视频

下一节:chapter 3.3.2.1 River Erosion Effects

返回《Geology and Engineering Geology》慕课在线视频列表

chapter 3.3.1 Geologic Process of Temporary Torrents课程教案、知识点、字幕

同学们好 欢迎来到地质学与工程地质课程

我们知道地面流水可以分为片流

洪流和河流

其中前两种类型呢属于暂时性流水

这节课呢我们就来学习

这些暂时性流水的地质作用

根据暂时性流水的特点呢

可以将它们引起的地质作用

分为洗刷作用和冲刷作用两种方式

其中洗刷作用呢 它是指片流比较均匀的

冲洗斜坡表面的一种过程

由于片流水流比较分散

水量和能量也比较小

所以呢一般只能冲走地表细小的一些碎屑颗粒

但是呢由于它的作用面积比较大

所以对地表的剥蚀作用呢也比较大

比如在一些道路边坡或者山坡上

经常可以看到由于这种坡面流水的洗刷作用

而形成的一些小的沟槽

时间长了它们将不断发展形成大的沟槽

这种作用一方面造成了水土流失

比如我国的黄土高原地区

植被比较稀疏这种现象呢也比较严重

另一方面呢 长期发展将影响到坡体的稳定性

所以呢 在工程中通常采取一些护坡措施

来减少 或者是防止片流的洗刷作用

所以常用的就是这种种植草皮

从而吸收片流的能量

有时呢也通过设置排水沟啊

及时将坡面的流水汇聚排出坡面

在雨季或冰雪融化的时候特别是在暴雨之后

片流呢汇聚沟谷中 通常

会形成水量和流速都比较大的洪流

强大的洪流呢 以自身的水体动力

并连同挟带的砂和砾石等

将不断地冲击所经过的沟壁和谷底

从而使沟谷不断地加深变宽

这个过程我们称为冲刷作用

洪流的冲刷剥蚀作用呢比较强大

尤其在植被覆盖比较少的干旱和半干旱地区

冲刷作用发展速度通常比较迅速

并会造成大量的水土流失

比如在我国的黄土高原地区

广泛存在这种由冲刷作用形成的沟壑

洪流冲出沟口之后由于水面逐渐地变宽

坡度呢逐渐的变小 流速会突然减小

导致上游冲刷过程中所挟带的一些砂

和块石等物质迅速地沉积下来

从而在沟口处形成这种扇状堆积地形

也就是洪积扇

多个洪积扇呢连在一起就形成了洪积扇群

由于洪积扇是在洪流流速

突然减小的过程中而迅速沉积形成的

没有经过长距离的搬运

所以呢内部颗粒的磨圆度和分选性都比较差

层理也不发育 同时呢受水流流速的影响

从沟口向外缘颗粒逐渐地变细

呈现一定的规律性

比如在扇顶沉积地一般都是粒径较大的砾石

而扇中呢粒径相对较小的砂和粉土

而扇缘呢 也就是洪积扇的前缘

一般是粒径细小的一些黏土

从剖面上来看呢

地表洪积物颗粒相对较细而向下呢越来越粗

构成洪积扇的砂和砾石层呢孔隙通常比较大

并经常接受来自于沟谷的水流的补给

所以通常赋存有丰富的地下水资源

所以在干旱地区洪积扇有着一定的供水意义

另外位于扇顶和扇中的砾石

和砂土都是良好的含水层

而扇缘的透水性相对较差

所以来自沟谷的地下水将在扇顶和扇中汇集

并具有一定的水头压力作用

有时在扇中和扇缘的接触部位

会有泉水的溢出

另外呢在洪积扇上进行工程建设的时候

我们要注意洪积扇的活动性

比如甘肃省舟曲县城从地貌上

大家看一下它像不像一个典型的洪积扇

实际上它就是一个古洪积扇

在历史上呢这个地方

主要是由来自上游的

这两条冲沟的洪流冲积形成的

2010年8月8日这个地区突降特大暴雨

这两条冲沟呢发生特大的山洪

共冲出的固体堆积物也就是块石啊

和泥沙等达到181万方

对整个县城带来了严重的灾难

当然从洪积扇地质发展规律上来讲

这种灾害的发生在一定程度上

也是符合地质作用的发展过程的

所以我们在进行重大工程

或者是城镇选址的时候

我们需要对周围的地形地貌

进行综合的调查分析

研究这个地方历史上

是否曾经发生过一些不良的地质作用

从而判断或推测未来是否有再次发生的可能

从而做到防患于未然

避免给人类工程活动带来一些灾害损失

好这节课呢我们学习了

暂时性流水的洗刷作用和冲刷作用

同学们要了解这两种作用过程及其危害

重点掌握洪积物的特点 洪积扇的结构

以便能够在野外识别洪积物和洪积扇

从而为指导工程建设和人类工程活动奠定基础

Geology and Engineering Geology课程列表:

0 Introduction

-0.1 Human Engineering Activities and the Geological Environment

--Chapter 0.1 Human Engineering Activities and the Geological Environment

-0.2 Tasks for Engineering Geology

--Chapter 0.2 Tasks for Engineering Geology

-0 Quiz--Homework

1 The Earth and the Crust

-1.1 Formations and Evolution of the Earth

--Chapter 2.1 Formations and Evolution of the Earth

-1.2 Basic Attributes of the Earth

--Chapter 1.2 Basic Attributes of the Earth

-1.3 Construction of the Geo-sphere and the Geological Processes

--Chapter 1.3 Construction of the Geo-sphere and the Geological Processes

-1 Quiz--Homework

2 Endogenic Geological Process

-2.1 Crustal Movement

--Chapter 2.1 Crustal Movement

-2.2 Magmatism

--Chapter 2.2 Magmatism

-2.3 Metamorphism

--Chapter 2.3 Metamorphism

-2.4 Earthquake

--Chapter 2.4 Earthquake

-2 Quiz--Homework

3 Exogenic Geological Process

-3.1 Introduction

--Chapter 3.1 Introduction

-3.2 Weathering Effects

--chapter 3.2.1 Physical Weathering

--chapter 3.2.2 Chemical and Biological Weathering

--chapter 3.2.3 Weathering Products and Influencing Factors of the Weathering Process

-3.2 Weathering Effects--Homework

-3.3 Geological Effects of the Flowing Surface Water

--chapter 3.3.1 Geologic Process of Temporary Torrents

--chapter 3.3.2.1 River Erosion Effects

--chapter 3.3.2.2 River Transport and Sedimentation Effects

-3.3 Geological Effects of the Flowing Surface Water--Homework

-3.4 Geological Effects of Winds

--Chapter 3.4 Geological Effects of Winds

-3.4 Geological Effects of Winds--Homework

-3.5 Geological Effects of Glaciers

--Chapter 3.5 Geological Effects of Glaciers

-3.5 Geological Effects of Glaciers--Homework

-3 Quiz Easy--Homework

-3 Quiz Enhanced--Homework

4 Minerals and Rocks

-4.1 Minerals

--Chapter 4.1.1 Minerals and Their Morphological Characteristics

--4.1.2 Minerals and Rocks-Mineral Characteristics-Physical and Mechanical Prop

--Chapter 4.1.3 Visual Identification of Common Minerals

-4.1 Minerals--Homework

-4.2 Magmatic Rocks

--Chapter 4.2.1 Main Mineral Compositions of Magmatic Rocks

--Chapter 4.2.2 Texture and Structure of Magmatic Rocks

--Chapter 4.2.3 Common Classification and Identification Methods for Magmatic Rocks

--Chapter 4.2.4 Basic Characteristics of Common Magmatic Rocks Ⅰ

--Chapter 4.2.5 Basic Characteristics of Common Magmatic Rocks Ⅱ

-4.2 Magmatic Rocks--Homework

-4.3 Sedimentary Rocks

--Chapter 4.3.1 Material Compositions of Sedimentary Rocks

--Chapter 4.3.2 Texture and Structure of Sedimentary Rocks

--Chapter 4.3.3 Basic Characteristics of Common Sedimentary Rocks

-4.3 Sedimentary Rocks--Homework

-4.4 Metamorphic Rocks

--Chapter 4.4.1 Mineral Composition and their Texture andStructure

--Chapter 4.4.2 Basic Characteristics of Metamorphic Rocks

-4.4 Metamorphic Rocks--Homework

-第4章 Quiz Easy--Homework

-第4章 Quiz Enhanced--Homework

5 The Geologic Times

-5 The Geologic Times

--Chapter 5 The Geologic Times

-5 Quiz--Homework

6 The Geological Structure

-6.1 Horizontal Structure and Dipping Structure

--Chapter 6.1 Horizontal Structure and Dipping Structure

-6.2 Fold Structure

--Chapter 6.2 Fold Structure

-6.3 Fault Structure

--Chapter 6.3.1 Joint

--Chapter 6.3.2 Characteristics and Types of Faults

--Chapter 6.3.3 Fault Identification in the Wild

-6 Quiz Easy--Homework

-6 Quiz Enhanced--Homework

7 Geological Maps

-7.1 ntroduction

--Chapter 7.1.1 Types of Geological Maps

--Chapter 7.1.2 Scale of Geological Maps

-7.2 Presentation of the Geological Maps

--Chapter 7.2.1 Formation Lithology

--Chapter 7.2.2 Geological Structure

--Chapter 7.2.3 Contact Relations Between Stratas

-7.3 Reading and Analysis of the Geological Maps

--Chapter 7.3 Reading and Analysis of the Geological Maps

-7 Quiz Easy--Homework

-7 Quiz Enhanced--Homework

8 Ground Water

-8.1 Basic Conceptuals

--Chapter 8.1 Basic Conceptuals

-8.1 Basic Conceptuals--Homework

-8.2 Reservation and Movements of Ground Water

--Chapter 8.2 Reservation and Movements of Ground Water

-8.2 Reservation and Movements of Ground Water--Homework

-8.3 Movements of the Ground Water

--Chapter 8.3 Movements of the Ground Water

-8.3 Movements of the Ground Water--Homework

-8.4 Ground Water Quality

--Chapter 8.4 Ground Water Quality

-8.4 Ground Water Quality--Homework

-8.5 Ground Water Related Issues on Engineering Geology

--Chapter 8.5 Ground Water Related Issues on Engineering Geology

-8.5 Ground Water Related Issues on Engineering Geoligical Problem--Homework

-8 Quiz Easy--Homework

-8 Quiz Enhanced--Homework

9 Geological Engineering Attributes of Soils

-9.1 Soil Mass

--Chapter 9.1 Soil Mass

-9.1 Soil Mass--Homework

-9.2 Attributes of Soils

--Chapter 9.2.1 Physical Properties of Soil

--Chapter 9.2.2 Water-Physical Properties of Soil

--Chapter 9.2.3 Mechanical Properties of Soil

-9.2 Attributes of Soils--Homework

-9.3 Engineering Classification of Soils

--Chapter 9.3 Engineering Classification of Soils

-9.4 Special Soils and Its Engineering Attributes

--Chapter 9.4.1 Soft Soil and Its Engimeering Attributes

--Chapter 9.4.2 Loess and Its Engineering Attributes

--Chapter 9.4.3 Expansive Soil adn Its Engineering Attributes

-9.4 Special Soils and Its Engineering Attributes--Homework

-9 Quiz Easy--Homework

-9 Quiz Enhanced--Homework

10 Geological Engineering Attributes of Rocks

-10.1 Introduction

--Chapter 10.1 Introduction

--10.1 Introduction--Homework

-10.2 Physical and Water-Physical Properties of Rocks

--Chapter 10.2 Physical and Water-Physical Properties of Rocks

--10.2 Physical and Water-Physical Properties of Rocks--Homework

-10.3 Mechanical Properties of Rocks

--Chapter 10.3.1 Deformation Characteristics

--Chapter 10.3.2 Strength

--10.3 Mechanical Properties of Rocks--Homework

-10.4 Structural Plane and Structural Body of Rock Mass

--Chapter 10.4 Structural Plane and Structural Body of Rock Mass

--10.4 Structural Plane and Structural Body of Rock Mass--Homework

-10.5 Features and Mechanical Properties of the Structural Plane

--Chapter 10.5.1 Properties of Structural Plane

--Chapter 10.5.2 Mechanical Properties of Structural Plane

--10.5 Features and Mechanical Properties of the Structural Plane--Homework

-10.6 Mechanical Properties of Rock Mass

--Chapter 10.6 Mechanical Properties of Rock Mass

--10.6 Mechanical Properties of Rock Mass--Homework

-10.7 Engineering Classification of Rock Mass

--Chapter 10.7.1 Engineering Classification of Rock Mass Ⅰ

--Chapter 10.7.2 Engineering Classification of Rock Mass Ⅱ

--10.7 Engineering Classification of Rock Mass--Homework

-10 Quiz Easy--Homework

-10 Quiz Enhanced--Homework

11 Analysis on the Stability of Slopes

-11.1 Slope Deformation and Destruction

--Chapter 11.1.1 Slope Deformation

--Chapter 11.1.2 Slope Destruction

-11.1 Analysis on the Stability of Slopes--Homework

-11.2 Factors on the Stability of Slopes

--Chapter 11.2 Factors on the Stability of Slopes

-11.3 Analysis on the Stability of Slopes

--Chapter 11.3 Analysis on the Stability of Slopes

-11.3 Analysis on the Stability of Slopes--Homework

-11.4 Structural Analysis Method on Rocky Slope Stability

--Chapter 11.4.1 Stereographic Projection Method Ⅰ

--Chapter 11.4.2 Stereographic Projection Method Ⅱ

-11.5 Measures for Preventing and Controlling the Slope Deformation

--Chapter 11.5 Measures for Preventing and Controlling the Slope Deformation

-11.5 Measures for Preventing and Controlling the Slope Deformation--Homework

-11 Quiz Easy--Homework

-11 Quiz Enhanced--Homework

12 Geological Engineering Analysis on Stability of the Adjacent Rocks of Underg

-12.1 Underground Caverns and the Stress Distribution

--Chapter 12.1 Underground Caverns and the Stress Distribution

-12.1 Underground Caverns and the Stress Distribution--Homework

-12.2 Deformation and Destruction of the Adjacent Rocks

--Chapter 12.2.1 Brittle Adjacent Rock

--Chapter 12.2.2 Plastic Surrounding Rock and Surrounding Rock Stability Sign

-12.3 Factors on Stability of the Adjacent Rocks

--Chapter 12.3 Factors on Stability of the Adjacent Rocks

-12.4 Measures for Preventing Instability of the Adjacent Rocks

--Chapter 12.4 Measures for Preventing Instability of the Adjacent Rocks

-12 Quiz--Homework

13 Analysis on the Stability of the Rock Mass of the Ground Work

-13.1 Dam Foundation of the Water Conservancy Project

--Chapter 13.1.1 Dam Types and Requirements for Engineering Geological Conditions

--Chapter 13.1.2 Deformation Failure Mode and Stability Analysis

-13.2 Common Methods of Foundation Constructions

--Chapter 13.2 Common Methods of Foundation Constructions

-13 Quiz--Homework

14 Geological Engineering Analysis on the Reservoir Construction

-14.1 Reservoir Leakage

--Chapter 14.1 Reservoir Leakage

-14.2 Stability of the Reservoir Bank

--Chapter 14.2 Stability of the Reservoir Bank

-14.3 Reservoir Surrounding Immersions and Sedimentations

--Chapter 14.3 Reservoir Surrounding Immersions and Sedimentations

-14 Quiz--Homework

15 Methods and Technics of Engineering Geological Exploration

-15.1 Introduction

--Chapter 15.1 Introduction

-15.2 Engineering Geological Mapping

--Chapter 15.2.1 Research Content

--Chapter 15.2.2 Structural Plane Statistics

-15.3 Engineering Geological Exploration and Field Experiments

--Chapter 15.3 Engineering Geological Exploration and Field Experiments

-15.4 Instructions on the Geological Compass

--Chapter 15.4 Instructions on the Geological Compass

- Quiz--Homework

chapter 3.3.1 Geologic Process of Temporary Torrents笔记与讨论

也许你还感兴趣的课程:

© 柠檬大学-慕课导航 课程版权归原始院校所有,
本网站仅通过互联网进行慕课课程索引,不提供在线课程学习和视频,请同学们点击报名到课程提供网站进行学习。