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Chapter 14.2 Stability of the Reservoir Bank课程教案、知识点、字幕

同学们好 欢迎来到地质学与工程地质课程

水库蓄水后 库岸的自然条件

将发生急剧的变化

并处在新的地质环境和外部营力作用下

主要表现在原来处于非饱和状态的

岩土体在库水位变化范围的部分

将经常处在饱和状态下

从而恶化了岩土体的工程地质性质

降低了它的强度

在库水波浪的冲刷 掏蚀作用下

岸坡将逐渐地变陡 凹进

稳定性也逐渐降低

此外在库水位快速下降时

由于坡体内的地下水来不及排出

从而增加了岸坡的岩土体的动水压力

也就是提高了它的下滑力

有时会使原来处于稳定状态的一些岸坡发生失稳

岸坡的这些变形破坏将危及滨库地带居民点

和建筑物的安全并破坏农田

库岸塌落的这些岩土体

又会淤积到库盆 减小了库溶

而近坝库岸的大型滑坡

则会产生涌浪 危及大坝安全

并可能给大坝下游带来灾难性的后果

在库水和地下水的长期作用下

使岸坡不断地后退

并最终形成浅滩而达到稳定

从破坏形式上来看

库岸破坏主要有塌岸

滑坡和崩塌等几种类型

塌岸它是库岸岩土体

在波浪和水位变化等

作用下发生坍塌

并使岸线逐渐后移的一种现象

水库塌岸作用一般在水库蓄水的

最初几年内最为强烈

随着时间的延续

逐渐地变缓并最终达到平衡岸坡

塌岸的因素是多方面的

主要有地层岩性 地形地貌和水文气象等

对于岩质岸坡 特别是坚硬和部分半坚硬的岩石岸坡

抗冲蚀能力比较强

塌岸问题呢相对比较轻

但是对于泥质岩 凝灰岩等

半坚硬的岩石岸坡

遇水容易软化 崩塌 稳定坡度比较小

塌岸问题相对比较严重

第四纪松软土层岸坡塌岸速度快

稳定坡度小 塌岸宽度也比较大

尤其是黄土类土和砂土库岸更为严重

比如三门峡水库的所有黄土库岸 蓄水的

第一年内塌岸宽度就达到了50~200米范围内

最大可达294米

塌岸线总长度达到200多公里

占整个库岸线的41.5%

官厅水库的库岸也是黄土类土

蓄水的最初两年内 库岸因塌岸平均后移了34米

塌岸量达到了700万方以上

在地形地貌方面

弯曲的库岸有利于塌岸并加快塌岸速度

凸岸塌岸速度要比凹岸快

岸坡高大的地段塌岸宽但速度小

陡岸地段呢塌岸强烈而且范围大

在水文气象方面

波浪作用是造成水库塌岸的主要外部营力

库水位发生变化比如上升和下降时

也容易引起塌岸

尤其是库水位骤降时

通常会造成库岸的失稳

定量来评价水库建成蓄水后塌岸的范围

某一库岸地段塌岸宽度和速度

某一期限内和最终的塌岸宽度

以及形成最终塌岸宽度所需要的时间

以便于为防治提供相应的依据

这是预测水库塌岸的一个目的

库区周边的工程地质条件

和水库运营 水位变化

将影响着塌岸的范围 速度 宽度

以及进程 在弄清塌岸

这些影响因素及塌岸过程基础上

才能正确分析水库塌岸的发展趋势

并做出较为可靠的预测

塌岸宽度的预测方法比较多

有计算法 作图法 工程地质类比法和试验法等等

它们都属于半理论半经验性的

有各自的特点

但是不能作为通用的方法

在松软土库岸塌岸预测中

最为常用的就是卡丘金法

这个是相应的计算公式

卡丘金法对于中小型水库的

黄土 砂土 砂质粘土和粘土等

构成的岸坡预测较为准确

对于大型水库则比较适用于中上游的地段

大部分水库蓄水后

都会发生不同规模的库岸滑坡现象

根据库岸滑坡发生的位置

可以分为水上滑坡和水下滑坡

以及近坝滑坡和远坝滑坡

其中近坝的水上高速滑坡危害最为严重

比如序言中提到的意大利瓦依昂水库

左岸发生的超大型高速滑坡

体积达到2.7到3亿方

形成了250米高的涌浪

造成了巨大的灾害

我国湖南的拓溪水库 1959年蓄水初期

在大坝上游1.5公里处的塘岩光发生滑坡

165万方的滑坡体约以25米每秒的速度滑入库区

激起了高达21米的涌浪

导致库水漫过尚未完工的坝顶

泄向下游 损失巨大

此外国内外还有许多的大型库岸滑坡

滑坡是库岸破坏主要形式之一

由于危害较大

对山区水库来说需要重视研究近坝的库岸滑坡

对于在蓄水后可能发生库岸滑坡的水库

应进行涌浪的估算

并预计它的危害程度

滑坡涌浪是一个非常复杂的课题

涉及到岩土力学

滑坡动力学 流体力学及流-固耦合问题

目前国内外一般采用模型试验

和简化的计算方法来求得

影响涌浪高度的主要因素是滑坡体的滑速

目前滑速计算是按照质量定律

或者能量守恒和转化定律来进行的

另外随着数值计算技术发展

这也为滑坡涌浪深入分析提供了强有力的计算手段

崩塌它是峡谷型水库岩质库岸常见的破坏方式

一般发生在由坚硬岩层构成的高陡库岸阶段

库水位降落后

由于坡脚岩土体软化或下部库岸

的变形破坏引起上部库岸的岩体坍塌

对于水库蓄水后

坍塌严重而又有重要的城镇工矿企业

或良田的地段应采取措施

以防治水库塌岸的灾害

根据不同的情况可以采用抛石

草皮护坡 砌石护坡 护岸墙 丁坝

和防波堤等措施

好 这节课我们学习了常见的

三种库岸失稳形式

通过这节课的学习

同学们要了解水库塌岸的危害

影响塌岸的因素及常用的预测方法

Geology and Engineering Geology课程列表:

0 Introduction

-0.1 Human Engineering Activities and the Geological Environment

--Chapter 0.1 Human Engineering Activities and the Geological Environment

-0.2 Tasks for Engineering Geology

--Chapter 0.2 Tasks for Engineering Geology

-0 Quiz--Homework

1 The Earth and the Crust

-1.1 Formations and Evolution of the Earth

--Chapter 2.1 Formations and Evolution of the Earth

-1.2 Basic Attributes of the Earth

--Chapter 1.2 Basic Attributes of the Earth

-1.3 Construction of the Geo-sphere and the Geological Processes

--Chapter 1.3 Construction of the Geo-sphere and the Geological Processes

-1 Quiz--Homework

2 Endogenic Geological Process

-2.1 Crustal Movement

--Chapter 2.1 Crustal Movement

-2.2 Magmatism

--Chapter 2.2 Magmatism

-2.3 Metamorphism

--Chapter 2.3 Metamorphism

-2.4 Earthquake

--Chapter 2.4 Earthquake

-2 Quiz--Homework

3 Exogenic Geological Process

-3.1 Introduction

--Chapter 3.1 Introduction

-3.2 Weathering Effects

--chapter 3.2.1 Physical Weathering

--chapter 3.2.2 Chemical and Biological Weathering

--chapter 3.2.3 Weathering Products and Influencing Factors of the Weathering Process

-3.2 Weathering Effects--Homework

-3.3 Geological Effects of the Flowing Surface Water

--chapter 3.3.1 Geologic Process of Temporary Torrents

--chapter 3.3.2.1 River Erosion Effects

--chapter 3.3.2.2 River Transport and Sedimentation Effects

-3.3 Geological Effects of the Flowing Surface Water--Homework

-3.4 Geological Effects of Winds

--Chapter 3.4 Geological Effects of Winds

-3.4 Geological Effects of Winds--Homework

-3.5 Geological Effects of Glaciers

--Chapter 3.5 Geological Effects of Glaciers

-3.5 Geological Effects of Glaciers--Homework

-3 Quiz Easy--Homework

-3 Quiz Enhanced--Homework

4 Minerals and Rocks

-4.1 Minerals

--Chapter 4.1.1 Minerals and Their Morphological Characteristics

--4.1.2 Minerals and Rocks-Mineral Characteristics-Physical and Mechanical Prop

--Chapter 4.1.3 Visual Identification of Common Minerals

-4.1 Minerals--Homework

-4.2 Magmatic Rocks

--Chapter 4.2.1 Main Mineral Compositions of Magmatic Rocks

--Chapter 4.2.2 Texture and Structure of Magmatic Rocks

--Chapter 4.2.3 Common Classification and Identification Methods for Magmatic Rocks

--Chapter 4.2.4 Basic Characteristics of Common Magmatic Rocks Ⅰ

--Chapter 4.2.5 Basic Characteristics of Common Magmatic Rocks Ⅱ

-4.2 Magmatic Rocks--Homework

-4.3 Sedimentary Rocks

--Chapter 4.3.1 Material Compositions of Sedimentary Rocks

--Chapter 4.3.2 Texture and Structure of Sedimentary Rocks

--Chapter 4.3.3 Basic Characteristics of Common Sedimentary Rocks

-4.3 Sedimentary Rocks--Homework

-4.4 Metamorphic Rocks

--Chapter 4.4.1 Mineral Composition and their Texture andStructure

--Chapter 4.4.2 Basic Characteristics of Metamorphic Rocks

-4.4 Metamorphic Rocks--Homework

-第4章 Quiz Easy--Homework

-第4章 Quiz Enhanced--Homework

5 The Geologic Times

-5 The Geologic Times

--Chapter 5 The Geologic Times

-5 Quiz--Homework

6 The Geological Structure

-6.1 Horizontal Structure and Dipping Structure

--Chapter 6.1 Horizontal Structure and Dipping Structure

-6.2 Fold Structure

--Chapter 6.2 Fold Structure

-6.3 Fault Structure

--Chapter 6.3.1 Joint

--Chapter 6.3.2 Characteristics and Types of Faults

--Chapter 6.3.3 Fault Identification in the Wild

-6 Quiz Easy--Homework

-6 Quiz Enhanced--Homework

7 Geological Maps

-7.1 ntroduction

--Chapter 7.1.1 Types of Geological Maps

--Chapter 7.1.2 Scale of Geological Maps

-7.2 Presentation of the Geological Maps

--Chapter 7.2.1 Formation Lithology

--Chapter 7.2.2 Geological Structure

--Chapter 7.2.3 Contact Relations Between Stratas

-7.3 Reading and Analysis of the Geological Maps

--Chapter 7.3 Reading and Analysis of the Geological Maps

-7 Quiz Easy--Homework

-7 Quiz Enhanced--Homework

8 Ground Water

-8.1 Basic Conceptuals

--Chapter 8.1 Basic Conceptuals

-8.1 Basic Conceptuals--Homework

-8.2 Reservation and Movements of Ground Water

--Chapter 8.2 Reservation and Movements of Ground Water

-8.2 Reservation and Movements of Ground Water--Homework

-8.3 Movements of the Ground Water

--Chapter 8.3 Movements of the Ground Water

-8.3 Movements of the Ground Water--Homework

-8.4 Ground Water Quality

--Chapter 8.4 Ground Water Quality

-8.4 Ground Water Quality--Homework

-8.5 Ground Water Related Issues on Engineering Geology

--Chapter 8.5 Ground Water Related Issues on Engineering Geology

-8.5 Ground Water Related Issues on Engineering Geoligical Problem--Homework

-8 Quiz Easy--Homework

-8 Quiz Enhanced--Homework

9 Geological Engineering Attributes of Soils

-9.1 Soil Mass

--Chapter 9.1 Soil Mass

-9.1 Soil Mass--Homework

-9.2 Attributes of Soils

--Chapter 9.2.1 Physical Properties of Soil

--Chapter 9.2.2 Water-Physical Properties of Soil

--Chapter 9.2.3 Mechanical Properties of Soil

-9.2 Attributes of Soils--Homework

-9.3 Engineering Classification of Soils

--Chapter 9.3 Engineering Classification of Soils

-9.4 Special Soils and Its Engineering Attributes

--Chapter 9.4.1 Soft Soil and Its Engimeering Attributes

--Chapter 9.4.2 Loess and Its Engineering Attributes

--Chapter 9.4.3 Expansive Soil adn Its Engineering Attributes

-9.4 Special Soils and Its Engineering Attributes--Homework

-9 Quiz Easy--Homework

-9 Quiz Enhanced--Homework

10 Geological Engineering Attributes of Rocks

-10.1 Introduction

--Chapter 10.1 Introduction

--10.1 Introduction--Homework

-10.2 Physical and Water-Physical Properties of Rocks

--Chapter 10.2 Physical and Water-Physical Properties of Rocks

--10.2 Physical and Water-Physical Properties of Rocks--Homework

-10.3 Mechanical Properties of Rocks

--Chapter 10.3.1 Deformation Characteristics

--Chapter 10.3.2 Strength

--10.3 Mechanical Properties of Rocks--Homework

-10.4 Structural Plane and Structural Body of Rock Mass

--Chapter 10.4 Structural Plane and Structural Body of Rock Mass

--10.4 Structural Plane and Structural Body of Rock Mass--Homework

-10.5 Features and Mechanical Properties of the Structural Plane

--Chapter 10.5.1 Properties of Structural Plane

--Chapter 10.5.2 Mechanical Properties of Structural Plane

--10.5 Features and Mechanical Properties of the Structural Plane--Homework

-10.6 Mechanical Properties of Rock Mass

--Chapter 10.6 Mechanical Properties of Rock Mass

--10.6 Mechanical Properties of Rock Mass--Homework

-10.7 Engineering Classification of Rock Mass

--Chapter 10.7.1 Engineering Classification of Rock Mass Ⅰ

--Chapter 10.7.2 Engineering Classification of Rock Mass Ⅱ

--10.7 Engineering Classification of Rock Mass--Homework

-10 Quiz Easy--Homework

-10 Quiz Enhanced--Homework

11 Analysis on the Stability of Slopes

-11.1 Slope Deformation and Destruction

--Chapter 11.1.1 Slope Deformation

--Chapter 11.1.2 Slope Destruction

-11.1 Analysis on the Stability of Slopes--Homework

-11.2 Factors on the Stability of Slopes

--Chapter 11.2 Factors on the Stability of Slopes

-11.3 Analysis on the Stability of Slopes

--Chapter 11.3 Analysis on the Stability of Slopes

-11.3 Analysis on the Stability of Slopes--Homework

-11.4 Structural Analysis Method on Rocky Slope Stability

--Chapter 11.4.1 Stereographic Projection Method Ⅰ

--Chapter 11.4.2 Stereographic Projection Method Ⅱ

-11.5 Measures for Preventing and Controlling the Slope Deformation

--Chapter 11.5 Measures for Preventing and Controlling the Slope Deformation

-11.5 Measures for Preventing and Controlling the Slope Deformation--Homework

-11 Quiz Easy--Homework

-11 Quiz Enhanced--Homework

12 Geological Engineering Analysis on Stability of the Adjacent Rocks of Underg

-12.1 Underground Caverns and the Stress Distribution

--Chapter 12.1 Underground Caverns and the Stress Distribution

-12.1 Underground Caverns and the Stress Distribution--Homework

-12.2 Deformation and Destruction of the Adjacent Rocks

--Chapter 12.2.1 Brittle Adjacent Rock

--Chapter 12.2.2 Plastic Surrounding Rock and Surrounding Rock Stability Sign

-12.3 Factors on Stability of the Adjacent Rocks

--Chapter 12.3 Factors on Stability of the Adjacent Rocks

-12.4 Measures for Preventing Instability of the Adjacent Rocks

--Chapter 12.4 Measures for Preventing Instability of the Adjacent Rocks

-12 Quiz--Homework

13 Analysis on the Stability of the Rock Mass of the Ground Work

-13.1 Dam Foundation of the Water Conservancy Project

--Chapter 13.1.1 Dam Types and Requirements for Engineering Geological Conditions

--Chapter 13.1.2 Deformation Failure Mode and Stability Analysis

-13.2 Common Methods of Foundation Constructions

--Chapter 13.2 Common Methods of Foundation Constructions

-13 Quiz--Homework

14 Geological Engineering Analysis on the Reservoir Construction

-14.1 Reservoir Leakage

--Chapter 14.1 Reservoir Leakage

-14.2 Stability of the Reservoir Bank

--Chapter 14.2 Stability of the Reservoir Bank

-14.3 Reservoir Surrounding Immersions and Sedimentations

--Chapter 14.3 Reservoir Surrounding Immersions and Sedimentations

-14 Quiz--Homework

15 Methods and Technics of Engineering Geological Exploration

-15.1 Introduction

--Chapter 15.1 Introduction

-15.2 Engineering Geological Mapping

--Chapter 15.2.1 Research Content

--Chapter 15.2.2 Structural Plane Statistics

-15.3 Engineering Geological Exploration and Field Experiments

--Chapter 15.3 Engineering Geological Exploration and Field Experiments

-15.4 Instructions on the Geological Compass

--Chapter 15.4 Instructions on the Geological Compass

- Quiz--Homework

Chapter 14.2 Stability of the Reservoir Bank笔记与讨论

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