当前课程知识点：制浆造纸机械与设备 > 第一章 备料机械与设备 > 1.1 备料概述 > 1.1 备料概述
同学们好
Hello, everyone
我是华南理工大学
I’m Professor Xu Jun, School of Light Industry and Engineering
轻工科学与工程学院徐峻教授
of South China University of Technology
我们知道造纸工业的发展
We know that the development of paper-making industry
离不开三大要素
is inseparable from three major factors
原料、工艺和装备
raw materials, technology and equipment
制浆造纸装备作为实现
Pulping and paper-making equipment is taken as an important carrier
制浆造纸工艺过程的重要载体
to realize the process of pulping and paper-making
可以说，每一次
It fair to say that every
造纸技术的革新和进步
innovation and progress of paper-making technology
都是与造纸装备的发展紧密相连的
is closely related to the development of paper-making equipment
制浆造纸装备的科技水平
The scientific and technological level of pulping
在很大程度上直接影响
and paper-making equipment directly affects and determines
和决定着造纸工业的发展水平
the development level of paper-making industry to a great extent
今天我们要学习的是
Today we are going to learn Chapter 1
《制浆造纸机械与设备》课程的
Preparation Mechanism and Equipment
第一章，备料机械与设备
of the course Pulp and Paper Machinery and Equipment
我分三个部分讲述
I’ll tell you from three parts
第一部分是备料概述
Part 1 is an overview of preparation
备料是制浆造纸的第一步
Preparation is the first step of pulping and paper-making
是制浆的基础
and is the basis of pulping
不论是在古代，还是现代
In both ancient and modern times
制浆造纸流程都是从备料开始的
the pulping and paper-making process begins with preparation
图片显示了一个完整的
The picture shows the composition of
化学法制浆生产线的构成
a complete chemical pulping production line
其第一道工序就是备料
the first process of which is preparation
备料的好坏直接影响
The quality of preparation directly affects
制浆生产的质量和经济性
the quality and economy of pulping production
比如说，备料时树皮去除不干净
For example, if the bark is not cleaned in preparation
就会增加制浆化学品的用量
it will increase the quantity of pulping chemicals
而且会导致纸浆尘埃多
and lead to more pulp dust
成纸质量差
and poor paper quality
因此，原木备料的每个阶段
Therefore, each stage of the log preparation
都需要精心设计
needs to be carefully designed to
以充分利用原料
make full use of the raw material
生产高质量的料片
to produce high-quality material
均匀一致的料片既节约原料
Uniform and consistent material can not only save raw materials
又能生产出高质量的浆
but also produce high-quality pulp
增加浆产量
thereby increasing pulp yield
提高最终产品质量
and improving quality of final product
备料的目的就是
The purpose of preparation is to
利用各种机械设备
use all kinds of mechanism and equipment
对纤维原料进行
to make preliminary processing and finishing
初步加工和整理
of fiber raw materials
满足后续蒸煮或是磨浆的需要
so as to meet the needs of subsequent cooking or refining
同学们都知道
As we all know
造纸用的原料主要是木材
the raw materials for paper-making are mainly wood
以及农业秸秆等非木材
as well as non-wood such as agricultural straw
对于木材原料
For wood raw materials
需要先从林场砍伐
it is necessary to cut down wood from the forest farm
去除枝桠、树叶
remove branches and leaves
然后锯成木段
then saw into wood sections
再运到制浆造纸厂
which are transported to the pulping and paper-making mill
对于麦秸秆等非木材原料
For wheat straw and other non-wood raw materials
则需要从农田收割之后
it is necessary to bind them after
进行打捆
harvest them from the farmland
再运到制浆造纸厂
and then transport them to the pulping and paper-making mill
这些原料，形态差异大
These raw materials are characterized of being different in the shape
尺寸有大有小，极不均匀
different in size, and extremely uneven
而且，不可避免的带有
moreover, mixed with the dirt
泥土、砂石等杂物
the sandstone and other sundries inevitably
对于机械设备来说
For mechanism and equipment
物料的均匀性对设备的生产能力
the uniformity of materials is crucial to
和处理效果是至关重要的
the production capacity and treatment effect of equipment
而泥土、砂石等异物也会导致
and foreign bodies such as dirt and sandstone
设备磨损甚至是损坏
can cause wear and tear or even damage of equipment
因此必须对原料进行
so it is necessary to conduct treatment of uniformity
均匀性的处理和除杂处理
and impurity removing for the raw materials
这个过程就是我们的备料
this process is preparation as we mentioned
不同纤维原料
Different fiber raw materials
不同制浆方法
and different pulping methods
对备料有不同的要求
have different requirements for preparation
对于磨石磨木浆
For stone groundwood (SGW) pulp
用的是辊式磨木机
a roll-type grinder is used
主要部件是磨石辊
The main component is a mill-stone roller
类似于农村碾压谷物的圆柱形石磙
which is similar to a cylindrical stone roller for rolling grain in rural areas
因而可以直接使用大块的木料
Therefore, large pieces of wood can be used directly
所以它的备料要求就是
Therefore, its preparation requirement is to
先去除树皮、砂土等杂质
remove the bark, sand and other impurities
再切成与磨木机料箱长度
and then cut into wood sections which are
相适应的通常来说是1m长的
suitable to the length of the material box of grinder
一个木段就可以了
usually 1m long
对于直径大的原木还需要劈开
the logs with large diameter need to be split
这种备料方式
Because this preparation method
由于要使用大径材
need to use wood with large diameter
那么它的来源有限
its source is limited
却只能利用树干部分
and only the trunk part can be used
再加上生产的纸浆
along with the pulp which is mainly
主要用于新闻纸
produced and used for newspaper
目前在我国已很少见了
the wood is now rare in our country
为了充分利用树干、枝桠
In order to make full use of tree trunks, branches
以及小径材
and wood with small diameter
节约林木资源
and to save forest re sources
国际上基本上都是
logs are generally cut into pieces
把原木切削木片再使用
and then used to produce mechanical pulp
那用于生产木片机械浆
wood-chip chemical mechanical pulp
木片化机浆和木片化学浆
and wood-chip chemical pulp
它的备料要求
As for its preparation requirements
第一就是要去除树皮
the first is to remove the bark
树节、砂土等杂质
knots, sand and other impurities
第二要切削得到
the second is to cut and get the
形状和大小均匀的木片
wood chips with uniform shape and size
并且合格率要高
and high qualification rate
对于草类原料
For grass raw materials
其备料要求则是
its preparation requirement is to
提供一定长度的料片
provide the material at a fixed length
并去除大部分穗、谷壳
and remove most of the ear, husk
叶、尘土、砂土等
leaves, dust, sand and so on
一个现代化的原木备料
A modern log preparation process
工艺流程如图所示
includes more than 10 processes
包括原木接收、剥皮、锯木
such as log receiving, peeling, sawing
削片、筛选等十多道工序
chipping, screening, etc. is shown as the picture
每个工序都需要使用不同的机械设备
each of the process requires the use of different mechanism and equipment
当然，制浆造纸企业
Of course, pulping and paper-making enterprises
也可以直接外购木片
can also directly purchase wood chips
这种情况下
in this case
主要使用堆存及出料机械
the stacking and discharging machinery
以及筛选设备
as well as screening equipment are used
非木材备料的
The process flow of non-wood
工艺流程如图所示
preparation is shown in the picture
与木材备料相比
Compared with wood preparation
其工序要简单的多
the process is much simpler
主要由堆存、干法切料
It is mainly composed of stacking, dry cutting
湿法备料等工序组成
wet preparation and so on
另外，由于非木材原料种类很多
In addition, because of the variety of non-wood raw materials
常见的有秸秆、芦苇、蔗渣
including the common straw, reed, bagasse
其工序略有差异
the process is slightly different
而且各工序所使用的
and the equipment used
设备差异也比较大
in each process is quite different
比如说蔗渣
Take bagasse for example
它是糖厂的副产物
it is the by-product of sugar factory
来料含水率大概在50%左右
the moisture content of incoming material is about 50%
而且本身的尺寸较短
and its own size is shorter
所以它就不需要干切料
so it does not need dry cutting material
但对于麦秸秆
but for wheat straw
那么它的含水率不到10%
then its moisture content is less than 10%
却长短不一
but the length is uneven
就需要干切料
it needs dry cutting material
由于干切料时灰尘较大
because the dust is bigger when dry cutting material
所以它必须配置除尘设备
so dust removal equipment must be equipped with
有关备料的概述就讲到这里
Here’s an overview of the preparation
谢谢大家
Thank you all
-1.1 备料概述
--1.1 备料概述
-1.2 木材备料机械与设备
-1.3 非木片筛及木材备料辅助设备
--讨论
-第一章测试 备料机械与设备
--第一章测试 备料机械与设备
-2.1 化学制浆概述
--讨论
-2.2 间接式蒸煮设备
-2.3 连续式蒸煮设备
-第二章测试 化学制浆机械与设备
--第二章测试 化学制浆机械与设备
-3.1 概述及磨石磨木机
-3.2 盘式磨浆机
--讨论
-3.3 搓丝机
--3.3 搓丝机
-3.4 高得率制浆的附属设备及发展
-第三章测试 高得率制浆机械与设备
--第三章测试 高得率制浆机械与设备
-4.1 概述
--4.1 概述
-4.2 洗涤与浓缩设备
-第四章测试 洗涤浓缩机械与设备
--第四章测试 洗涤浓缩机械与设备
-5.1 概述
--5.1 概述
-5.2 筛选设备
--5.2 筛选设备
-5.3 净化设备
--5.3 净化设备
-第五章测试 筛选净化机械与设备
--第五章测试 筛选净化机械与设备
-6.1 概述
--6.1 概述
-6.2 碎浆机
--6.2 碎浆机
-6.3 浮选槽
--6.3 浮选槽
--讨论
-6.4 热分散机
--6.4 热分散机
-6.5 废纸造纸废水处理设备
-6.6 废纸制浆流程设计及生产线
-第六章测试 废纸制浆及脱墨机械与设备
--第六章测试 废纸制浆及脱墨机械与设备
--讨论
-7.1 纸浆清洁漂白常用流程
-7.2 中浓浆泵、中浓混合器及高浓混合器
-7.3 中浓纸浆氧脱木素塔、二氧化氯漂白塔、过氧化氢漂白塔及碱处理塔
--7.3 中浓纸浆氧脱木素塔、二氧化氯漂白塔、过氧化氢漂白塔及碱处理塔
--讨论
-第七章测试 漂白机械与设备
--第七章测试 漂白机械与设备
-8.1 纸浆在输送管道中的压头损失及浆泵扬程
--讨论
-8.2 纸浆输送机械
--讨论
-8.3 纸浆贮存设备
-第八章测试 纸浆输送及贮存机械与设备
--第八章测试 纸浆输送及贮存机械与设备
-9.1 打浆设备概述
-9.2 打浆机和圆柱形磨浆机
-9.3 锥形磨浆机
-9.4 盘磨机
-9.5 中、高浓盘磨机及疏解设备
-第九章测试 打浆及疏解机械与设备
--第九章测试 打浆及疏解机械与设备
-10.1 造纸机的发展、组成与分类
--实验室小纸机展示
--大国工匠精神
-10.2 造纸机的规格及长网机的配置
-10.3 造纸机的专用名词术语
-第十章测试 造纸机概述
--第十章测试 造纸机概述
-11.1 纸浆流送系统
--讨论
-11.2 纸浆流送系统的相关操作单元及设备
-11.3 流浆箱的概述
-11.4 流浆箱的布浆器
-11.5 堰池、匀整装置和上浆装置
-11.6 稀释型水力式流浆箱
-第十一章测试 纸浆流送设备与流浆箱
--第十一章测试 纸浆流送设备与流浆箱
-12.1 概述
--12.1 概述
-12.2 长网成形装置
--讨论
-12.3 圆网成形装置
-12.4 夹网成形装置
-12.5 复合型成形器、叠网成形器及网部的辅助装置
-第十二章测试 造纸机成形装置
--第十二章测试 造纸机成形装置
-13.1 概述
--13.1 概述
-13.2 双辊压榨
-13.3 压榨部的引纸装置
-13.4 压榨配置方式及复式压榨
--讨论
-第十三章测试 造纸机压榨装置
--第十三章测试 造纸机压榨装置
-14.1 概述
--14.1 概述
-14.2 烘缸、烘毯缸和冷缸
--讨论
-14.3 供热系统
-14.4 强化装置及辅助设备
-第十四章测试 造纸机干燥装置
--第十四章测试 造纸机干燥装置
-15.1 压光机概述
-15.2 压光机的主要部件
-15.3 普通压光机、半干压光机及光泽压光机
-15.4 软辊压光机、超级压光机及卷纸机
-第十五章测试 压光机和卷纸机
--第十五章测试 压光机和卷纸机
-16.1 概述及涂料制备设备
-16.2 涂布器和干燥器
-第十六章测试 涂布机械与设备
--第十六章测试 涂布机械与设备
