3.2.3 盘式磨浆机（下）在线视频

同学们，大家好
Hello, everyone

今天我们将继续学习
Today, we will continue to study about

磨片及盘磨机的相关知识
the relevant knowledge about disc and disc refiner

磨片材质决定磨片
The material of the disc determines

表面结构和使用寿命
the surface structure and service life of the disc

齿型几何尺寸决定传递给
and the geometric dimension of the tooth profile determines

木片和纤维的能量和机械作用
the energy and mechanical effects transmitted to the wood chips and fibers

因此，要求磨片具有
Therefore, the disc is required to have

高的可靠性和适用性
high reliability and applicability

高的综合机械性能
high comprehensive mechanical properties

高的强度和硬度
high strength and hardness

高的耐磨性和耐蚀性
high wear resistance and corrosion resistance

足够的韧性和耐冲击性
sufficient ductility and impact resistance

高的冶金质量及铸造性能
high metallurgical quality and casting properties

高的尺寸精度
high dimensional accuracy and high static

和高的动静平衡性能
and dynamic balance properties

从而保证其使用寿命
So as to ensure its service life

最大限度地降低磨片失效及故障的发生
and minimize the occurrence of disc failure and fault

磨片失效大致分为
Disc failure can be classified into

齿面磨损、磨齿断裂、气蚀和腐蚀等
tooth surface wear, tooth fracture, cavitation and corrosion, etc.

从磨片的磨损机理可以看出
It can be seen from the wear mechanism that

理想的磨片材质要求
the ideal disc material requires

有较高的硬度及适当的断裂韧性
high hardness, proper fracture ductility

和较好的耐腐蚀性
and good corrosion resistance

当然材料的硬度越高、越耐磨
Of course, the higher the hardness of the material and more wear-resistant

价格也越高
the higher the price

目前最多的磨盘的材料是
At present, most of the disc materials are

镍铬冷硬铸铁
nickel-chromium chilled cast iron

高铬白口铁和不锈钢
high-chromium white iron and stainless steel

我们在实验室采用
When we use the refiner

磨浆机磨浆的时候
for refining in the laboratory,

先将机器空转预热
we first idle the machine for preheating

然后停下来
and then stop it

将两个磨盘距离调零
adjust the distance between the two discs to 0

同时标尺回零
then return the scale to 0

然后锁定标尺零点
and lock the scale to 0

再调节我们所需要的间隙
adjust the gap we need

我们可以精确的保证
and we can accurately guarantee the gap

磨浆的间隙到0.01mm
between the refining to 0.01mm.

大家思考一下
Think about it

在实际生产中
in actual production

如何保证磨浆时的间隙
how to ensure that the gap during refining

是工艺所需的间隙
is the gap required by the process

工人师傅操作的时候不可能
It is impossible for the master workers

每次把机器打开调零再调间隙
to turn the machine on and adjust the gap every time

何况磨盘在不断的磨损中
In addition, the disc is in constant wear and tear

实际操作中需要
In practice, it is necessary

让工人师傅最简单的操作
for the master workers to achieve the gap required

就达到工艺所要求的间隙
by the process by a simplest operation

在实际磨浆过程中
In the actual refining process

工人师傅并不像研究生那样操作
master workers do not operate like graduate students

设定磨盘间隙
to set the refining disc gap

而是通过控制磨浆机的电流
but control the refining disc gap

控制磨盘间隙
through the control of the refiner current

工艺单也可以
and the process form can also be issued

以电流的形式下达
in the form of electric current

这是因为在磨浆浓度一定的情况下
This is because when the pulp concentration is fixed

磨浆间隙与磨浆所用的功率相关
the refining gap is related to the refining power

而电压一定的情况下
while when the voltage is fixed

只需要监测电流即可
only the current needs to be monitored

磨浆机磨盘间隙的调整
The adjustment of disc gap can be realized

可以用机械或液压方式来实现
by mechanical or hydraulic means

机械加压是利用齿轮电机
The mechanical pressurization is to use the gear motor

使两磨盘靠近
to make two disks close to each other

直至达到所要求的传动电流为止
until the required transmission current is reached

现在机械加压系统已很少使用
At present, the mechanical pressurization system is rarely used

液压加压系统可以用定位式
The hydraulic pressurization system can use positioning type

和压力式来调整磨盘问隙
or pressure type to adjust the disc gap

采用定位式加压时
When the positioning pressurization is adopted

在达到一定电流后将液压系统锁住
the hydraulic system is locked after a certain constant current is reached

使磨盘定位
to position the disc

这样磨盘问隙
so that the disc gap is fixed

和机械加压系统一样是固定的
as the mechanical pressurization system

压力式液压加压系统
For pressure-type hydraulic pressurization system

液压压力保持恒定
its hydraulic pressure remains constant

由于磨浆机外壳内的压力
Because the pressure in the shell of the refiner

与两磨盘之间的磨浆压力有直接关系
is directly related to the refining pressure between the two discs

因此能自动控制磨浆压力
so it can automatically control the refining pressure

这种加压系统能随通过量的
The pressurization system can compensate

微小变化而予以补偿
for small changes through the slightly variation of throughput

在输入功率保持一定时
and can automatically change the gap of the discs

能自动改变磨盘间隙
when the input power is kept constant.

实验和生产实践证明
The experiment and production practice show that

磨浆过程必须在
the grinding process must be carried out

浓度15%～35%条件下进行
under the condition of 15%~35% concentration

才有良好的效果
so that the good effect can be obtained

浓度较低
In low concentration

只能产生纤维短小和强度低的浆料
only short fiber and low strength pulp can be produced

但是如果浓度过高
But if the concentration is too high

则会使浆料过热
it will cause the pulp to overheat

大量水分蒸发
A large amount of water will evaporate

局部浆料过干
and local pulp will be over dry

导致浆料在高温下颜色变深
resulting in the color of the pulp becoming darker

甚至焦化
or even coking

因而,对木片磨浆机
Therefore, it is necessary to design the structure

首先要跟据这一基本的工艺
of wood chip refiner

来进行结构设计
based on this basic technology

对于磨浆机结构设计的要求
The requirements for structural design of the refiner

首先，物料必须连续
First of all, the material must be fed

而均匀地供入磨浆机
to the refiner continuously and evenly

因此要有连续均匀的进料机构
Therefore, there shall be a continuous even feeding mechanism

一般可采用螺旋进料,强制进送
In general, screw feeding can be used for forced feeding

在两个磨盘表面间的物料
The material between the surfaces of the two discs

必须布满整个盘面空间
must cover the whole disc space

并连续运动
and move continuously

因此要有良好的磨盘结构
Therefore, it is necessary to have a good disc structure

来实现这种连续运动
to achieve this continuous movement

并将木片连续磨制成
and continuously grind the wood chips

合格的浆料而离开磨盘
into a qualified pulp to leave from the disc

第三就是，浆料的质量必须稳定
Third, the pulp quality must be stable

在其他条件相同的情况下
In other same conditions

主要因素之一是磨盘必须耐磨
one of the main factors is that the disc must be wear-resistant

更换的周期越长越好
and the longer the replacement period, the better

现在普遍采用的是合金磨盘
Now, the alloy disc is widely used

第四，磨浆过程中必须
Fourth, the refining process must

保持一定的磨料浓度
maintain a certain fixed refining concentration

因此磨浆机壳体内装有喷水管
Therefore, a water spray pipe is installed in the refiner shell

使磨碎区内有最适宜的磨浆浓度
to make the refining area have the most appropriate refining concentration

一般可掌握在木片与水的混合物中
Generally, it can control the concentration of 25-33%

含有25～33%的绝干木片的浓度
absolute dry wood chips in the mixture of wood chips and water

水分在大量的吸热过程中通过磨盘
In the process of a large amount of heat absorption

并为湿浆和蒸汽带走
moisture passes through the disc and is taken away by wet pulp and steam

第五，磨浆机在操作过程中
Fifth, during the operation of the refiner

必须使磨盘施加于磨盘面间
the pressure exerted to the material by the disc

的物料上的压力相对稳定
between the face of the disc must be relatively stable

并保持磨盘面间有一个恒定均匀的间隙
and a constant and even gap must be maintained between the face of the discs

稳定的压力和恒定的间隙
Stable pressure and constant gap

关系到磨浆的产量、质量和动力消耗
are related to the output, quality and power consumption of the pulp

因此必须有压力和间隙的调节装置
so there must be pressure and gap adjustment device

第六，通过磨盘磨成的浆料
Sixth, the pulp ground by the disc

到了磨盘的壳体〈磨室〉空间后
must be dumped quickly and smoothly

必须迅速通畅地排出
after it reaches the space of the disc shell (grinding chamber)

才能保持磨浆过程的连续进行
so as to keep the continuous refining process

因此必须设有适宜的
Therefore, a suitable dumping port

排料口或专门的排料机构
or a special dumping mechanism must be provided

第七，必须保证设备
Seventh, it is necessary to ensure that

运转时高度平稳
the equipment is highly stable during operation

磨盘间隙不受其他因素
and the disc gap is not affected

所影响而保持恒定
by other factors and remains constant

为此,主轴和磨室壳体
For this reason, the spindle and the refining gravity shell

要有足够的刚度
shall have enough rigidity

转盘磨盘要有足够的动平衡
the rotary disc shall have enough dynamic balance

磨浆时机座要紧固
the refiner stand shall be fastened during refining

运转时设备的振动力
The vibration force of the equipment

通过机座直接为基础所吸收
is absorbed directly by the base during operation

磨浆机运转前后机座
before and after the operation of the refiner

必须保持恒定的温度
and the machine base must maintain a constant temperature

磨浆机在运转时
and the heat generated by the bearing

轴承和相对转动的部位
and the relative rotating parts

所产生的热量要及时引出
shall be led out in time when the refiner is running

充分冷却
and fully cooled

此外，在结构设计上对零件的
In addition, in the structure design,

加工精度和装配精度
strict requirements are put forward

需提出了严格的要求
for machining precision and assembling precision of the parts

在材质选择方面
in the material selection

要注意到热胀系数
it is necessary to pay attention to the influence

对设备精度的影响
of thermal expansion coefficient on the precision of the equipment

最后，设备的结构要紧凑
Finally, the structure of the equipment shall be compact

且便于对磨室的检查
and it is convenient for the inspection of the grinding chamber

磨盘的更换和浆料的抽取
the replacement of the disc and the extraction of the pulp

磨浆机正常运行的
Full attention should also be paid to the security measures

保安措施也要充分注意
for the normal operation of the refiner

第一，磨浆机的主传动电机
First, the alarm when the load of the main drive motor

负荷过大、过小的报警
of the refiner is overloaded, or too small

第二，磨浆机主轴承润滑情况的报警
second, the alarm for the lubrication of the main bearing of the refiner

第三，电机和主轴承超温报警
third, the alarm for the overtemperature of the motor and the main bearing

第四，电机冷却水中断时的报警
fourth, the alarm when the cooling water of the motor is interrupted

第五，磨浆机产生异常振动时
fifth, the alarm when the refiner has abnormal vibration

主电机自动停车的报警
and the main motor is automatically shut down

以及双盘磨操作时
and the automatic alarm

发生其中一个磨盘带动另一个磨盘
when one disc drives the other disc to rotate

同向转动时的自动报警
in the same direction during double discs operation

以上就是关于盘式磨浆机的相关知识
The above is the relevant knowledge about the disc refiner

我们下一节将介绍
We will introduce the knowledge

有关搓丝机的知识
about the thread rolling machine in the next section