1.2.2 木材备料机械与设备 削片机在线视频

同学们好
Hello, everyone

上次课我们学习了剥皮机
we have learned the barker in last lesson

这次课主要讲解削片机
we mainly introduce the chipper in this lesson

削片机，就是把剥掉树皮的原木
Chipper is the equipment used to cut the log without bark

切削成一定规格的木片所用的设备
into wood pieces with a certain specification

按机械结构划分
According to the mechanical structure

主要分为盘式削片机
it is mainly divided into disk type chipper

鼓式削片机
drum type chipper

如图所示，盘式削片机切削刀
As shown in the picture, the cutter of disk type chipper

是装在一个圆盘上的
is mounted on a disk

主要用于切削原木
and is mainly used for cutting logs

而对于鼓式削片机
For the drum type chipper

其切削刀是装在圆柱形鼓上
its cutter is mounted on a cylindrical drum

它对木材的要求
which requirement for wood

没有盘式削片机那么高
is not as high as that of a disk type chipper

所以对于原料的适应性相对较广
so its adaptability to raw materials is relatively wider

削片机切削得到的合格木片
Qualified wood chips cut by chipper

其规格尺寸一般为
usually have the specification of

长度15-20毫米
15-20mm in length

厚3-5毫米
3-5mm in thickness

宽度不超过20mm
not exceeding 20mm in width

评价削片机的性能，通常是用
The performance of the chipper is usually evaluated

木片合格率指标进行评价
by the qualification rate index of the chips

对于原木，木片
For logs, the qualification rate of

合格率需要达到85%
wood chips shall be 85%

对于板皮木片
and for slab wood chips

合格率要求大于75%
the qualification rate shall be more than 75%

国内常用的削片机也主要是
Domestic commonly used chipper is also

盘式削片机和鼓式削片机
mainly disk type chipper and drum type chipper

大体分为五种结构形式
roughly divided into five types of structure

第一种是普通型的削片机
The first one is the ordinary type chipper

它的刀片数量一般是3~4把
its blade number is generally 3~4

切削时每次只有1把刀进入原木
only 1 cutter enters into the log each time when cutting

属于间歇式切削
belongs to the batch-type cutting

那么它的振动比较大
This equipment has the disadvantages of being bigger in vibration

产能小
small in production capacity

木片规格不均匀
uneven in the specification of wood chip

碎屑多
more in detritus

较少采用
so it is rarely used

第二种是多刀削片机
The second one is multicut chipper

刀片数量一般在8~16把
the number of blades is generally 8~16

切削时每次有多把刀进入原木
there are more knives into the log each time

可实现连续切削
which can achieve continuous cutting

由于动力负荷均匀
Because the power load is uniform

所以振动小
it has the advantages of being small in vibration

产能大
big in production capacity

木片合格率也高
high in the qualification rate of wood chip

应用是最为广泛的
and the most extensive in the application

第三种是针对板皮
The third one is the chipper

或者是木板的削片机
for slab or plank

由于这类原料不规整
due to the disadvantages of being irregular in shape

质量又较轻
light in mass

切削时容易跳动或是被顶出来
this kind of raw material is easy to jump or be pushed out when cutting

因此需要用喂料辊进行强制喂料
so it needs to be fed with feeding roller forcibly

它的切削部分的结构
the structure of its cutting part

跟普通削片机是类似的
is similar to that of the ordinary chipper

第四种主要是针对枝桠材等
The fourth one is the chipper mainly for branches

小径材的削片机
and wood with small diameter

结构跟普通削片机也类似
the structure is similar to the ordinary chipper

但是可以做成小型化的移动的设备
but it can be made into the miniaturized mobile equipment

方便手动间歇操作
which is convenient for manual intermittent operation

用于园区原木的剪枝
and used for the pruning of the log

和绿化剪枝的处理
and landscaping pruning of the garden

第五种就是辊式削片机
The fifth one is roller type chipper

它的结构紧凑
which structure is compact

采用压料辊强制送料
and uses feed pressing roller for forced feeding

对原料形态适应性广
its adaptability to the material shape is wide

但是它的合格率比较低
but its qualification rate is relatively low

下面我们来看看
Now let’s look at the mechanism

盘式削片机的机构
of the disk type chipper

从图片可以看出
As can be seen from the picture

盘式削片机主要由
the disk type chipper is mainly composed

刀盘、喂料槽、机壳
of a disk, a feeding trough, a shell

和传动装置组成
and a driving device

刀盘是盘式削片机的主要部件
The disk is the main part of the disk chipper

上面装有切削刀
It is equipped with a cutting cutter

也就是飞刀片
i. e. a flying blade

以及调整飞刀和低刀间隙的
and an adjusting pad for adjusting the gap between the

调整垫块、契型垫块等等
flying blade and the bottom blade, and wedge-shape pad, etc.

刀盘一般用碳素钢制成
The disk is generally made of carbon steel

直径为1~4米
with a diameter of 1~4 meters

厚为50~150mm
and a thickness of 50~150 mm

上面是装有飞刀片
and equipped with a flying blade on it

飞刀片一般也是由
Flying blade is also generally made of

碳素钢或者是合金钢制成
carbon steel or alloy steel

呈矩形
rectangular

厚度一般在20~25mm
The thickness is generally 20~25 mm

宽不小于200mm
The width is not less than 200 mm

刀刃角约为30~40º
The cutting edge angle is about 30~40°

原木切削过程如图所示
The cutting process of log is as shown in the picture

首先飞刀与底刀
at first, a round wooden cake is cut

切下一个圆形的木饼
by the flying blade and the bottom blade

木饼受到挤压作用分裂成块
the wooden cake is split into blocks by extrusion stresses

最后再变成木片
and finally into pieces

当有多把刀时
In case of many blades

在刀盘转动时
when the disk rotates

短时间内有多个飞刀切入木饼
several flying blades are cut into the wood cake in a short time

实现了连续切削
realizing continuous cutting

喂料槽是盘式削片机的进料装置
Feeding trough is the feeding device of disk type chipper

俗称虎口
commonly known as tiger mouth

其截面形状有圆形、方形和多边形
its cross-section shape is round, square and polygonal

大型多刀削片机常用多边形的进料口
polygonal feed inlet is usually used by large multitool chipper

这个图是一个典型的
This picture is the feed inlet of

平口多刀削片机的
a typical flat top multitool chipper

进料口和它的低刀位置
and its bottom blade position

根据进料口的设置
The feeding trough can be divided into two types

喂料槽可以分为
horizontal type and gravity type

水平式和重力式两种
according to the setting of the feed inlet

水平式即平口式
Horizontal type, i.e. the flat top type

那么它的原木是以
then its logs go into the chipper

水平方式进入削片机
in a horizontal way

需要借助输送带给的这个推力
and need to use the thrust given by the conveyor

保持原木与刀盘的紧密接触
to keep the close contact between the log and the disk

传统的水平进料如图所示
The traditional horizontal feed is as shown in the picture

那么削片机立式放置
then the chipper is placed vertically

原木从削片机底部水平切入
and the logs are cut horizontally from the bottom of the chipper

新型的水平进料方式
The new type of horizontal feeding method

是将削片机倾斜放置
is to tilt the chipper

原木与刀盘的接触面积更大
and the contact area between the log and the chipper is larger

切削时更为均匀
so it is more even when cutting

不容易产生碎料
and is not easy to produce fragments

这个图展示的是另外一种
This picture shows a feeding trough

斜口设置的喂料槽
with another tilted setting

原木通过溜槽斜
The logs go into the chipper in the manner of

插着进入削片机
oblique cutting through a chute

可以借助原木的自重
to keep the log in close contact with the disk

保持原木与刀盘的紧密接触
by the dead-weight of the log

机壳是削片机刀盘外的封闭外壳
The shell is a closed shell outside the disk of the chipper

上面连接有进料口和出料口
which is connected with a feeding inlet and a discharging outlet

削片机的刀盘需要用电动机带动
The disk of the chipper needs to be driven by an electric motor

中低速一般经三角皮带间接传动
The medium and low speed is generally driven by a V belt indirectly

对于高速的削片机
For a high-speed chipper

则采用电机直连传动
it is driven directly by an electric motor

根据电动机的数量
According to the number of motors

可分为单电机驱动
it can be divided into single-motor drive

双电机驱动和四电机驱动
double-motor drive and four-motor drive

除了盘式削片机
In addition to disk type chipper

另外一种常用的削片机
another commonly used chipper

是鼓式削片机
is drum type chipper

其外形和结构如图所示
whose shape and structure are shown in the picture

其工作原理是
The working principle is that

当刀鼓旋转时
when the drum rotates

刀鼓上的飞刀与其斜下方的底刀
the flying blade on the drum cuts the raw material

将原料切断成片
into pieces with the bottom blade slanting underneath

并通过鼓下方
and pieces are discharged through the perforated barrier

装在机体上的筛板排出
installed on the motor body under the drum

由于鼓式削片机进料口
Because the feed inlet of drum type chipper

安装有上下两组喂料辊
is equipped with two sets of feeding roller up and down

可以将各种小径材
it can press all kinds of wood

枝桠材、板皮、板条
with small diameter, branches, slab

或者是其他木材的加工剩余物
lath or other residue of wood processing

压紧送入刀辊，进行切削
and feed them into the cutter roller for cutting

所以对原料形状的适应性较广
so it has wide adaptability to the shape of raw material

在削片过程中
In the process of chipping

影响削片质量的因素
the factors affecting the quality of chipping

主要有三个方面
are mainly three aspects

一是原木的质量和水分
The first one is the quality and moisture of the logs

那么我们的原木的直径大小
Then, the diameter and quality

及质量优劣要搭配均匀
of our logs must be matched evenly

小的、短的原木占比要尽量小
the ratio of small and short logs shall be as small as possible

另外，要适当提高原木水分
In addition, it is also conducive to improve the qualification rate

也有利于提高木片的合格率
of wood chips by properly improving the moisture of logs

通常冬季我们的含水率
usually it is better for us to control the

控制在25-35%
moisture content at 25-35% in winter

夏季控制在35-45%比较好
and at 35-45% in summer

水分太低的话
If the moisture is too low

切削后的木块发脆
the wood after cutting is friable

易产生大量的碎屑
and easy to produce a large amount of debris

二是削片机刀距
The second one is the clearance between cutters of the chipper

除要保持飞刀刀距
The clearance between the flying blade and the bottom blade

尺寸一致外
shall be consistent in addition to

飞刀与底刀的间隙也要一致
keeping the clearance between lying blades

且需要控制在0.3~0.5mm
and it needs to be controlled at 0.3~0.5mm

也就是一个木片厚度的这个规格
that is, the thickness of a piece of wood

三是削片刀的刃角
The third is the cutting edge of a chip chipper

刃角过大切削阻力大
If the blade angle is too large, the cutting resistance is large

木片容易碎
and the wood chip is easy to be broken

因此宜采用小刀刃角
therefore, it is advisable to use small blade angle

一般是在34°~42°
generally in the range of 34°~42°

如果是多刀削片机的话
if it is a multi-blade chipper

通常我们会一般采用
we usually use an

35°22’~37°12’的一个角度
angle of 35°22'~37°12'

削片机的生产能力主要受
The productivity of the chipper is mainly

木材的种类、原木的直径
influenced by the type of wood

喂料槽的截面尺寸、原木的质量
the diameter of the log, the cross-section size of the feed trough

等因素的这个影响
and the quality of the log

生产上可以用这个公式进行估算
This formula can be used to estimate production

本节课的内容就讲到这里
The content of this section is here

谢谢大家
thank you all