1.2.1 木材备料机械与设备 剥皮机在线视频

同学们好
Hello, everyone

通过第一节的学习
through the study in the first lesson

相信同学们对备料
I believe that you have a

有了一个整体的概念
whole concept of preparation

从这节课开始
From this lesson

我们讲解木材备料机械与设备
we explain the wood preparation mechanism and equipment

对于原木备料
For log preparation

所用到的机械与设备如图所示
the mechanism and equipment used are shown in the picture

从原木堆场开始到木片结束
From the log yard to the wood chips

要依次使用拉木机、剥皮机
more than 10 kinds of mechanism and equipment shall be used

运输机、锯木机、削片机
such as log haul-up, barker, conveyer

木片筛、再碎机、木片仓等
log sawing machine, chipper, chip screen

十余种机械设备
re-cutter, chip bin and so on

这张图很形象的展示了
This picture shows the mechanism and equipment

制浆造纸企业原木备料场
used in the log preparation yard of pulping and

所用的机械设备及布置情况
paper-making enterprises and their arrangement

外购的原木用火车
After the purchased logs are transported by train

或是汽车运到造纸厂后
or automobile to the paper-making mill

露天堆存在料场
they are stacked in an open-air material yard

生产时，用抓木机进行上料
In production, material loading is conducted with a grasping wood machine

之后原木依次经过
after qualified wood chips are produced from logs

剥皮机、削片机、木片筛等设备
through the barker, chipper, chip screen and other equipment

得到合格木片
then the qualified wood chips

合格木片再用传送带
are transported to the material yard

运输到料场进行堆存
for storage by conveyer

最后根据生产需要
and finally fed with discharging machine

用出料机取料
according to the production needs

在这些设备中

最关键的设备就是
In these equipment

剥皮机、削片机和木片筛
the key equipment are barker, chipper, chip screen

我们将重点进行讲解
which we will focus on

首先介绍剥皮机
First, the barker is introduced

剥皮机，顾名思义
A barker, as the name suggests

就是剥树皮的设备
is a device for barking trees

按工作原理分
According to the working principle

剥皮机主要分为
the barker is mainly divided into

摩擦剥皮、刀式剥皮和化学法剥皮
friction barking, knife barking and chemical barking

前两种都是物理剥皮方法
wherein the first two are physical barking methods

化学法剥皮，因原料
Chemical barking is rarely used

污染问题，极少采用
due to the pollution of raw materials

摩擦剥皮应用最为广泛
Friction barking is the most widely used

典型的就是圆筒剥皮机
the typical is drum barker

刀式剥皮常用的是
knife barking usually refers to

滚刀式剥皮机
hob-type barker which has

其木材损耗相对较大
a relatively large wood loss

但剥皮干净
but it is clean in the barking

剥皮效率用树皮去除率表示
Barking efficiency is expressed by bark removal rate

具体要求与制浆方法有关
which specific requirements are related to pulping methods

比如生产中性亚硫酸盐半化学浆
such as the production of neutral sulfite semi-chemical pulp

70%的去除率就可以
70% removal rate can work

但如果生产高白度化学浆
but in case of the production of high brightness chemical pulp

比如漂白硫酸盐浆
such as bleached sulfate pulp

剥皮率要求达到82%~95%
the barking rate is required to reach 82%~95%

圆筒剥皮机的结构如图所示
The structure of the drum barker is shown in the picture

其工作原理是
The working principle is that

通过圆筒滚动
the log is lifted to

把原木提升到一定的高度
a fixed height by rolling of the drum

然后原木在重力作用下跌落
and then the log fell off under the action of gravity

受到冲击和挤压作用
being impacted and squeezed

当树皮的受力超过树皮
When the stress of the bark

与木质部的结合强度的时候
exceeds the bond strength between the bark and the xylem

就发生了树皮的剥离
the barking of the bark occurs

剥皮过程主要依赖
The barking process mainly depends on

原木与原木之间
the friction between the log and the log

原木与筒壁之间的摩擦
between the log and the drum wall

原木在滚筒内的运动状态
The movement state of the log in the drum

与圆筒的转速和填满系数有关
is related to the rotation speed of the drum and the filling coefficient

主要有崩落式和瀑布式两种
including two types of caving type and waterfall type

当圆筒转速小于
When the rotational speed of the drum is less

0.4倍的临界转速时
than the 0.4 times of the critical rotational speed

原木成间歇式崩落
the log presents batch-type caving

当圆筒转速在0.8~0.85倍的
when the rotational speed of the drum is

临界转速的时候
0.8~0.85 times of the critical rotational speed

原木开始上抛
the log will be thrown up

以瀑布式跌落
and fall down in a waterfall type

当圆筒转速介于两者之间
When the rotational speed of the drum is in between

为连续式崩落的方式
it is the continuous caving type

简单来说，就是转的越快
Simply speaking, the faster the rotation

原木受到的离心力越大
the more centrifugal force the log receives

就越容易被带到更高的位置
the easier it is to be taken to a higher position

再跌落下来
and then fall down

那同学们可能会问
Then you may ask

怎么知道临时转速呢
how do we know the temporary rotational speed

实际上是，个直径为5m的
In fact, for a drum barker

圆筒剥皮机来说
with a diameter of 5m

当它的转速为20rpm时候
, the critical rotational speed is reached

即达到临界转速
when its rotational speed is 20 rpm

圆筒剥皮机按运行方式
The drum barker can be divided into continuous type

分为连续式和间歇式
and batch-type according to the operation mode

连续式又分为
and the continuous type can be divided

长原木剥皮机和短原木剥皮机
into long log barker and short log barker

长原木剥皮机
Long log barker is also

又称为平行式剥皮机
known as parallel barker

那么原木直进直出
then the log goes straight in and out

短原木剥皮机又称为
The short log barker is also called

翻滚式的剥皮机
a rolling type barker

那么它的原木的长度
so its logs are much smaller

远是小于我们这个圆筒的直径的
than the diameter of this drum

所以原木可以在圆筒内
so the logs can be rolled

任意方向的滚动
in any direction within the drum

圆筒剥皮机主要结构由
The main structure of drum barker is composed of

圆筒体、支撑装置和传动装置组成
drum body, supporting device and driving device

其结构示意如图所示
as shown in the picture

圆筒体是用钢板卷制或是
The drum body is a grid-shaped ring that is

用型钢焊接成的一个栅状的环
rolled with steel plate or welded with shape steel

圆筒的直径一般为4~6m
The diameter of the drum is usually 4~6 m

总长度20~ 40m
the total length is 20~40 m

圆周的转速大概是在1.5~2m/s
and the rotational speed of the circumference is about 1.5~2 m/s

圆筒体上焊接有凸起的挡条
The drum body is welded with a raised bar

主要起提升作用，于原木的提升
which is mainly used for lifting logs

筒壁上开有不同宽度
There are slots with different widths

还有不同方向的槽缝
and different directions on the wall of the drum

用于排除剥离的树皮
which can be used to remove the stripped bark

槽缝的宽度一般是35~60mm
The width of the slot is generally 35~60mm

开孔率一般占筒体表面积的3%~6%
and the opening rate is 3%~6% of the surface area of the drum body

为了提高剥皮效果
In order to improve the barking effect

增加原木的翻动
and increase the turnover of logs

圆筒转鼓的填满系数不易太高
the filling coefficient of drum could not be too high

通常我们设在25%~60%
usually we set it at 25%~60%

最佳的充满率是50%
and the best filling rate is 50%

圆筒剥皮机的支撑装置
The supporting device of drum barker mainly

多采用橡胶轮胎、金属支重轮
adopts rubber tire, metal supporting wheel

液压轴承、静压轴承
hydraulic bearing, hydrostatic bearing

和其他“易滚动轴承”
and other “easy rolling bearing”

橡胶轮胎支撑轮
Rubber tire support wheel

可减少冲击力
can reduce the impact force

降低圆筒的震动
reduce the vibration of the drum

所以应用是最为广泛的
so the application is the most extensively used one

但是橡胶容易老化
but rubber is easy to aging

需要定期的更换
and need to be replaced regularly

那么这个图是金属支撑轮
So this picture is metal supporting wheel

和水力式液压轴承支撑装置
and hydraulic bearing supporting device

圆筒剥皮机的传动装置The transmission device of drum barker

一般采用电动机generally uses the electric motor

由于剥皮机圆筒回转速度慢
Due to the slow rotational speed of the drum of the barker

电动机必须通过减速箱再传到圆筒
the motor must be transferred to the drum after going through the reducer

最后一级采用这个齿轮传动
and the gear drive is adopted in the last stage

那么传动装置的外形
so the shape and gear structure of the

和齿轮结构如图所示
drive device are shown in the picture

除圆筒剥皮机外
In addition to drum barker

另外一种常用的剥皮机
another commonly used barker

为辊式剥皮机
is roller type barker

它主要是利用滚轴的齿牙
it mainly uses the teeth of the roller

对木段进行挤压
to squeeze the wood sections

使木段在机壳内
so that the wood sections make circular

做循环运动
movement in the shell of the barker

且绕自身回转
and rotate around itself

因此剥皮效率比较高
so the barking efficiency is relatively high

可以达到95%以上
up to 95%

辊式剥皮机
The roller type barker has the advantages

结构简单结实，刚性强
of being simple in structure, strong in rigidity

那么故障率很低
low in failure rate

使用寿命长
and long in service life

但是呢它的辊式需要
however, the roller type needs motor

电动机驱动属于能耗比较大
drive with bigger energy consumption

辊式剥皮机结构主要由
The structure of roller type barker is mainly

剥皮滚刀、进料口
composed of barking hob, feed inlet

出木口、树皮出口等组成
wood discharging outlet and bark outlet

一般采用干剥皮
and usually dry barking is used

不论哪种剥皮机
No matter what kind of barker

它的剥皮的效果主要受
its barking effect is mainly influenced

木材的种类、原木的长短
by the kinds of wood, the length of logs

原木的直径，以及质量
the diameter of logs, and the quality

是否弯曲
whether they are bent or not

还有树节是不是很多等因素的影响
and whether there are many tree knots

当然原木的含水量
of course, the moisture content of logs

也是一个重要因素
is also an important factor

生产上，圆筒剥皮机的生产能力
In production, the production capacity of drum barker

可用这个公式进行估算
can be estimated by this formula

公式中D为圆筒直径
In the formula, D is the diameter of drum

N为圆筒转速
N is the rotational speed of drum

L为圆筒的长度
and L is the length of drum

我们对剥皮机的讲解就到这里
So much for our explanation of the barker

谢谢大家
Thank you all