9.1 打浆设备概述在线视频

同学们，大家好
Hello, everyone

我是华南理工大学
I'm Yang Fei from School of Light Industry and Engineering

轻工科学与工程学院的杨飞老师
of South China University of Technology

这节课我们将一起学习
In this class, we are going to learn

打浆及疏解机械与设备的相关知识
the machinery and equipment of beating and deflaker

“打浆”这个术语起源于
The term "beating" originated from

古代用棍、棒手工处理纸浆纤维的手段
the ancient method of treating pulp fibers by hand with sticks and rods

但至今一直被用于描述
but it has been used to describe

对湿纤维机械处理
the mechanical treatment of wet fibers up to now

以前通常指荷兰式打浆机
Formerly it used to refer to the Dutch beater

当今，磨浆机已经取代了打浆机
today, the pulper has replaced the beater

故“磨浆”这个术语正广为应用于
so the term "pulper" is widely used

描述对纸浆纤维的机械处理
to describe the mechanical treatment of pulp fibers

事实上，这两个术语有时仍为同义而互用
In fact, the two terms are sometimes synonymous with each other

但“磨浆”较多地用于连续打浆设备的情形
but "pulping" is more often used in the case of continuous beating equipment

大家学工艺课的时候老师讲过一句俗语
At the craft class, there is a saying

“纸是打出来的”
"paper is out of beating"

这句话从一定意义上表明了
it shows the importance of

打浆对造纸工艺的重要性
beating to the paper-making process

同样的纸浆
With the same pulp

通过不同的打浆方式
but different beating way

可以抄造出物理性能差别巨大的纸张
we can make the papers with huge differences in physical properties

有同学误以为打浆属于制浆工段
Some students mistakenly believe that beating belongs to the pulping section

实际上打浆属于造纸工段
In fact, it belongs to the paper-making section

也是造纸车间的第一个工段
It is also the first section in paper-making workshop

浆料磨好，达到所需的要求后
After the pulp is well beating and meets the requirements

才配浆、流送、冲浆进入流浆箱和纸机
it can be mixed, transported and washed into the flow box and the paper machine

接下来我们看看打浆的准确定义
Let's look at the exact definition of beating

利用物理方法也就是机械作用
Physical processes, also known as mechanical processes

处理悬浮于水中的纸浆纤维
is used to treat pulp fibers suspended in water

以改变纤维形态和特性
to change the shape and properties of the fibers

使纤维或者说纸浆
so that the fibers, or pulp

获得应有的物理化学性质
get the physical and chemical properties they need

以适应各种纸张的抄造
to adapt to make various types of paper

这一操作过程，就称为打浆
This process is called beating

也就是我们所说的磨浆
which is what we call pulping

大家知道打浆设备的功用
It is known that the function of beating equipment

就是使纸浆经打浆处理后
is to make the fiber achieve good softness and plasticity

纤维具有良好的柔软性和可塑性以及细纤维化
as well as fine fibrosis after beating

从而大大提高了氢键结合力
thus greatly improving the hydrogen bonding force

和纤维间的可交织的表面
and the interwoven surface between the fibers

此外，打浆设备还可以使
In addition, beating equipment can also

各种原料、辅料、添力剂均匀混合
make all kinds of raw materials, excipients, additives evenly mix

接下来我们看看打浆的过程中
Next, let's look at what happens

打浆设备对纤维发生了哪些作用
to the fiber during beating

打浆对纤维主要有
Beating mainly plays the role of

疏解、切断、压溃、帚化和水化作用
defibering, cutting, crushing, fibrillation and hydration on the fiber

一般是好几种作用同时发生
multiple functions generally occurred at the same time

这些知识在造纸工艺课大家已经学过
You have learned these in the paper-making technology class

这里就不展开论述了
we’ll not discuss here

那么打浆设备如何使得纤维发生这几种作用
So how does beating equipment make the fiber perform multiple functions

目前，最普遍使用的打浆方法
At present, the most commonly used beating method

是利用金属齿牙之水力碾压作用
is to use the hydraulic compaction of metal teeth

这几张图比较形象
These pictures are more vivid

直观地反映出打浆设备的微观作用机理
intuitively reflect the micro-mechanism of beating equipment

课本上也论述的非常详细
the discussion on textbook is also in great detail

大家可以自己看看课本
you can read by yourself

既然打浆设备如此重要
Since the beating equipment is so important

需要打浆设备对纤维产生疏解、切断
it needs to achieve defibering, cutting

压溃、帚化和水化的这些作用
crushing, fibrillation and hydration on the fiber

同时我们还得考虑
At the same time, we have to consider

设备连续运行的特性
the characteristics of the continuous operation of the equipment

总结了对打浆设备的基本要求
the basic requirements of the pulping equipment are summarized as following

首先，磨浆作用状态良好
First, the pulping function is good

有效发挥纤维强度的潜能
and bring the potential ability of the fiber strength into full play

当纤维通过磨区时
When the fiber is passing through the grinding zone

要增加纤维的撞击几率
the impact probability of the fiber will be increased

纸浆纤维形态经机械整理后
and the shape of the pulp fiber will meet

符合纸张的结合需要
the need of the paper combination after mechanical finishing

其次，磨齿、齿沟形态
Secondly, the grinding teeth and the shape of the teeth

随打浆工艺的不同而有区别
will be different due to the various beating process

磨浆间隙能调节
and the grinding gap should be adjustable

第三，磨浆机构、磨浆腔体耐磨
Thirdly, the grinding mechanism and the grinding chamber are wear-resistant

第四，磨浆机构
Fourthly, the symmetrical structure

磨浆腔体结构对称
of the grinding mechanism and the grinding chamber

有利于高速运行状态下受力均匀
can achieve uniform stress under high-speed operation

确保机构稳定
and ensure and the stability of the mechanism

第五，减少磨浆净能量输入
Fifthly, It can reduce the grinding net energy input

降低空载能量输入
lower no-load energy input

节能低耗
achieving energy saving and low consumption

第六，体积小
Sixthly, it has the advantages of small volume

结构简单，维修操作性良好
simple structure, good maintenance operability

设备维修和保养成本低
low cost of equipment maintenance

根据打浆设备的结构原理
According to the structure principle of the beating equipment

主要分为如下几类
it is mainly divided into the following categories

第一，按是否连续分
first, according to whether it can work continuously

可以分为
it can be divided into

间隙式打浆机，如
batch beater such as

荷兰式打浆机、伏特式打浆机等
Dutch type beater, Voith type beater

第二是连续式打浆机
Continuous beater

连续式打浆机又可以分为
which can be divided into

圆柱形磨浆机、锥形磨浆机、盘磨机
disk pulper, conical pulper, disk pulper

我们又可以按转子结构型式分
It can also be divided according to the rotor structure

比如鼓式的，包括有
such as drum type, including

打浆机和圆柱磨浆机
beater and disk pulper

而圆锥式的包括
According to the taper size

按锥度大小可以分为
the conical pulper can be divided into

大锥度形磨浆机，锥度大概是大60°～70°
large taper plper with taper about 60°~70°

中锥度锥形磨浆机，锥度约为20°～30°
the middle taper pulper with taper about 20°~30°

小锥度锥形磨浆机，锥度约为10°
the small taper pulper with taper about 10°

也可以按圆锥磨腔数分为
It can also be divided into single-chamber

单磨腔锥形磨浆机和双磨腔锥形磨浆机
and double-chamber according to the number of conical chamber

根据转轴支承方式
According to the supporting mode of rotating shaft

目前又分为通轴式锥形磨浆机
it is divided into through-shaft conical pulper

和悬臂式锥形磨浆机
and cantilever conical pulper

第三类是盘式磨浆机
The third type is disk pulper

按转动盘片数分
according to the number of rotating disc

分为单动盘式磨浆机和双动盘式磨浆机
it can be divided into single-action disc and double-action disc

也可以按总盘片数分为
it can also be divided into two-disc

双盘磨浆机、三盘磨浆机和多盘磨浆机
three-disc and multi-disc according to the number of total disc

我们也可以按照打浆浓度分类
We can also classify it according to the beating consistency

比如低浓打浆机
for example, the low consistency beater

大约的浓度是2%～6%
with approximate 2%~6% consistency

也可以分为中浓打浆机
medium consistency pulper

打浆的浓度在8%～20%
with 8%~20% consistency

比如常见的单盘式高浓磨浆机
such as the common single-disc high consistency pulper

圆柱形高浓磨浆机
cylindrical high consistency pulper

还有高浓打浆机
There is also a high consistency pulper

高浓打浆机的浓度大约为20%～35%
with about 20%~35% consistency

常见的有单盘式高浓磨浆机
such as the common single disc high consistency pulper

圆柱形高浓磨浆机
cylindrical high consistency pulper

回顾历史
Reviewing the history

从第一台荷兰式打浆机开始
starting from the 1st Dutch beater

打浆机的工作方式经历了
the working mode of beater has experienced

由间歇式向连续式的发展
the development from batch type to continuous type

由低浓打浆设备发展到中、高浓打浆设备
from low-consistency beater to medium and high-consistency beater

由单台设备发展到多台设备联合使用
from single equipment to multiple equipment joint application

由人工控制发展到集中控制和自动调节
from manual control to centralized control and automatic adjustment

磨齿的接触面积不断增加
the contact area of grinding teeth has been increasing

磨齿的形态更加适应微观磨浆机理
and the shape of grinding teeth is more suitable for micro-grinding mechanism

那么，后续打浆设备将何去何从呢
So, how would the follow-up pulping equipment go from this

总的来看，现代打浆设备的发展方向
In general, there are four following trends

有以下四个趋势
on the development of modern pulping equipment

首先是向中、高浓化方向发展
first is to develop towards high consistency pulping machine

尽管目前已有高浓打浆机
There is high consistency pulper, however

但较普通使用的仍是低浓打浆设备
low consistency pulping equipment is still more commonly used

以前我们去过一个企业
There was a time, we went to an enterprise

这个企业的领导
the leader of this enterprise also attached great importance

也很重视节能减排
to energy conservation and emission reduction

看好中浓打浆，就买了几台中浓打浆设备
they bought several medium consistency pulping equipment

但是用了半年之后
but after half a year

我们再去企业的时候
when we went back to the enterprise

他们已经换回了低浓打浆
they have changed back to low consistency pulping machine

主要的原因就在于
The main reason is that

中浓纸浆的输送的特殊性
medium consistency pulp transportation is different

如何调整工艺
How to adjust the process

使得中浓打浆
to make the medium consistency

更合适融入到造纸的工艺中
suit better in the papermaking process

不能仅仅为了中高浓打浆而浓缩纸浆
We should not concentrate consistency just for high medium consistency pulping

换中高浓输送设备
instead we should replace high medium consistency transportation equipment

相信随着打浆工序上游
We believe that with the upstream of the beating process

工序的配套
and the matching processs

中、高浓打浆设备的使用
the medium and high consistency beating equipment

将逐渐得到推广
will be gradually popularized

第二就是打浆设备型式的多样化
The second is the diversification of beating equipment

随着生产的需要和设备的研究与发展
With the need of production and the research and development of equipment

针对处理不同纤维种类
it is targeted for different kinds of fibers

从功能上将专门设计
it is designed specially in terms of function

专用性能更强
with stronger special performance

第三个发展方向就是打浆设备的大型化
The third development direction is the large-scale beating equipment

由于生产规模迅速发展
Due to the rapid development of production scale

势必对单机设备的生产能力要求更高
the production capacity of single equipment is bound to be higher

第四是磨盘齿纹的
The fourth is the further seriation and specialization

进一步系列化、专用化
of the grinding disc tooth pattern

随着现代造纸工业技术的发展
With the development of modern paper industry technology

打浆微观机理的研究
the research of beating micro mechanism

对于不同原料、不同品种、不同要求
will be specially matched with grinding disk

将专门配套磨盘
for different raw materials, varieties and requirements

使齿纹系列化、专用化
The tooth pattern will be in series and specialized

以上就是我们关于打浆设备的概述
The above is our overview of beating equipment

下一节我们将一起学习打浆机的相关知识
we will learn about beating machine related knowledge in the next section