16.1 概述及涂料制备设备在线视频

同学们，大家好
Hello, everyone

我是华南理工大学
I'm Yang Fei, a teacher from School of Light Industry

轻工科学与工程学院的杨飞老师
and Engineering of South China University of Technology

这节课我们将一起探讨
In this class, we will discuss the related knowledge

涂布机械与设备的相关知识
of coating machinery and equipment together

首先给大家介绍一下什么是涂布
First of all, let me introduce you what the coating is

涂布是纸加工的一种手段
Coating is a means of paper processing

它是指涂料用涂布机
specifically referring to the processing method of evenly coating

均匀地涂覆在纸幅的加工方法
the coating material on the paper web using a coating machine

涂布加工，大大地改善了
Coating processing greatly improves the

纸的印刷适性、防护性能
paper's printing suitability, protection performance

比如防水防潮等和装饰性能
such as waterproof and moisture-proof, and decorative performance

左上图是未涂布
The upper left picture is the

植物纤维纸张的电镜照片
electron micrograph of uncoated plant fiber paper

大家可以看到表面比较粗糙
As you can see, the surface is relatively rough

右上方是涂布后
The upper right picture is the

的电镜照片
electron micrograph of the coated paper

下方是涂布纸的
and the lower picture is the electron micrograph

横截面电镜图
of the coated paper's cross-section

可以看出对纸张的涂布
It can be seen that the coating of paper

就像我们给人的脸涂脂抹粉
is like coating our faces with powder

经过涂布后改善了
after coating, the paper's surface performance

纸张的表面性能
and printing performance and

和印刷性能等物理特性
other physical characteristics are improved

涂布机由退纸机、涂布器
A coater is composed of a paper unreeling machine, a spreader

干燥器和卷纸机组成
a dryer and a paper reeling machine

在造纸机干燥器之间设置涂布器
A spreader being arranged between the dryer of the paper machine

将抄造与涂布合为一道工序
making the papermaking process and the coating into one process

称为机内涂布
is called in-machine coating

将涂布与抄纸分开
separating the papermaking process and the coating process

使原纸置于专设的涂布机上涂布
and making the original paper be coated on a special coater

称为机外涂布
is called off-machine coating

涂布器可对纸和纸板单面涂布
The spreader can carry out coating on one side of the paper and the paperboard

也可组合使用两只涂布器
or a combination of two spreaders can carry out

对纸页两面进行涂布
coating on both sides of the paper

重涂布纸可以采用多只涂布器
As for heavy coated paper, several spreaders can be used

对纸页进行多层涂布
simultaneously to carry out multiple coating on the paper

图中所示的就是一个
A flow chart of off machine two-side

机外两面两次涂布的流程图
double coating is shown in the picture

这是两面四次的涂布过程
This is the two-side quartic coating process

原纸装于双轴回转式
The original paper is installed in one end

退纸机的回转臂一端
of the revolving arm of two-axis rotary unreeling paper machine

纸幅经导纸辊
the paper web is sent to the scraper spreader

恒张力自动调节系统
through a paper guide roll and

送至刮刀涂布器
a constant tension automatic adjustment system

由其将定量的涂料均匀地
by which the quantitative coating material is evenly

涂布于通过的纸页正面上
coated on the front of the passing paper

经热风干燥
after the hot air drying

完成了正、反面的底涂
the front and back bottom first coating is completed

然后再分别通过两个刮刀涂布器
Then the front and back surface coating is conducted

进行正、反面的面涂
with two scraper spreaders

由自动换辊的卷纸机卷成卷筒
and the paper is rolled into a reel by a reeling machine of automatic roll change

图中所示的是纸板机内
The process diagram of the paperboard

涂布机的流程简图
in-machine coater is shown in the picture

接下来我们看看Next let us take a look at the equipment

制备涂料需要哪些设备needed for coating material preparation

涂料制备是涂布纸生产的开端
Coating material preparation is the beginning of the production of coated paper

涂料的质量直接影响
The quality of the coating material directly affects

涂布过程及涂布纸的质量
the quality of the coating process and the coated paper

因此，务必严格掌握
Therefore, it is necessary to strictly control

涂料制备的各个环节
the various parts of the coating material preparation

确保涂料质量
to ensure the quality of the coating material

涂料制备过程包括
The coating material preparation process includes

颜料分散液的制备
the preparation of a pigment dispersion solution

胶粘剂溶液的制备
the preparation of an adhesive solution

添加剂溶液的制备
the preparation of an additive solution

和涂料的配制
and the preparation of the coating material

不知道大家是否还记得
Do you still remember the differences

颜料与涂料的区别
between pigments and coating material

很多同学搞不清楚这两个概念
Many students are confused by these two concepts

颜料是一类有色的微细颗粒状物质
Pigment is a kind of colored fine particulate matter

不溶于分散介质中
insoluble in dispersion medium

是以其“颗粒”展现其颜色
which shows its color with its "particles"

在造纸涂料里颜料大多数是白色的
In paper making coating material, pigments are mostly white

而涂料是涂于物体表面
While coating material is a generic term

能形成具有保护、装饰
of a class of liquid or solid materials which can

或特殊性能的固态涂膜的
form a solid coating film with protection, decoration

一类液体或固体材料的总称
or special properties on the surface of an object

造纸的颜料如果不小心弄在衣服上
Pigments for paper making are easy to wash off

是很容易洗掉的
if they are accidentally put on clothes

但如果将颜料配制成涂料后
but if they are made into coating material

再弄到衣服上
and then be put on clothes

风干后就很难再洗掉
they are very difficult to wash off after they are air-dried

因为里面有交联剂
because of the cross-linking agent in them

造纸涂料基本是
Coating material for paper making is basically

环保的水性涂料
an environmentally friendly waterborne coating material

涂料的流程如图所示
The process of coating material is shown in the figure

颜料经高速分散机
The pigment is converted into a pigment dispersion solution

制成颜料分散液
through high-speed dispersion machine

与胶粘剂和辅料在混合槽内混合
mixed with adhesive and auxiliary materials in a mixing tank

再经筛选和过滤
and then screened and filtered

用涂料泵送至涂布器涂布
and pumped to the spreader with a coating material pump for coating

配置涂料前
Before preparing the coating material

需要将颜料分散好
it is necessary to disperse the pigments

颜料的聚集体要
and the aggregates of the pigments should

分散成单独颗粒
be dispersed into individual particles.

只有这样才能充分发挥
Only in this way can the inherent properties

颜料的固有性能
of the pigments be brought into full play

比如着色力、遮盖力等
such as coloring power, covering power and so on

并且要使这些已
Moreover, the individual pigment particles

分离开的单个颜料粒子
which have been separated

处于一种十分稳定的分散状态
should be kept in a stable dispersion state

以致它们在贮存过程中
so that they will not be

也不会重新聚集起来
re-aggregated during storage

这是间歇式颜料的制备流程
This is the preparation process of batch pigments

这是连续式颜料制备过程
This is the preparation process of continuous pigments

分散好的瓷土、碳酸钙颜料
The coating material is configured

和胶乳、淀粉
by dispersed porcelain clay, calcium carbonate pigments

杀菌剂、分散剂
latex, starch, fungicide

染料等一起配置成涂料
dispersing agent, dyestuff, etc.

这是涂料的流送系统
This is the coating material delivery system

大家可以看一看，体会一下
You can look at it and feel it

首先我们来看看颜料分散设备
First of all, let's look at the pigment dispersing equipment

颜料的分散与混合
Pigment dispersing and mixing are the most important

是涂料制备过程中最重要的环节
parts in the coating material preparation process

颜料分散与混合设备
Pigment dispersing and mixing equipment

根据工作方式
can be divided into two types according to

分为间歇式和连续式两大类
the working mode: batch type and continuous type

几种常见的间歇
Several kinds of common batch dispersing

分散设备如图所示
equipment are shown in the picture

分散机的主要部件是
The main parts of the dispersing machine

各种形式的搅拌器
are various types of agitators

包括涡轮叶片式、浆叶式
including turbine blade type, slurry blade type

及边缘呈齿形切口的圆盘等
and the agitator of disks with tooth-shaped edges

这是连续式分散设备
This is continuous dispersing equipment

颜料分散和胶粘剂熬制时
During the process of pigment dispersion and adhesive preparation

不管怎样小心
no matter how careful

总会有少量的杂物
there will always be a small amount of debris

留在涂料混合物中
left in the coating material mixture

假如这些杂物掉到纸上
If this debris falls on the paper

就会以疵点形式出现在表面
it will appear on the surface in the form of defects

在印刷过程中引起掉毛掉粉
and cause the dropping of wool and powder during the printing process

刮刀涂布时还会在涂布表面
and will also produce stripes on the coating surface

产生条纹并引起刀片的磨损
and cause scraper wear during scraper coating

因此，无论采用什么涂布方法
Therefore, no matter what coating method is adopted

涂料混合物都应过筛
the coating mixture should be passed through the screen

以除去各种大颗粒的杂物
to remove all kinds of large particles of debris

振动筛是涂料制备过程中
Vibrating screen is a kind of screening equipment

常用的一种筛选设备
commonly used in the coating material preparation process

涂料的筛选还可以用过滤器
Coating material screening can also be done with a filter

框式过滤器直接安装在
The frame filter is installed directly

涂料输送的管路上
on the pipe where the coating material is transported

它的结构如图所示
and its structure is as shown in the picture

涂料被泵送
The coating material is pumped into

从过滤器的上部进入
through the upper part of the filter

然后穿过筛框后
and then through the frame

干净的涂料进入贮存桶
the clean coating material enters the storage tank

而杂质则截留在筛框内
while the impurities are trapped in the frame

管式过滤器以罗宁根过滤器为代表
The tube filter is represented by the Roningen filter

这种过滤器适用于
This filter is suitable for the screening of

处理高浓度、高粘度涂料的筛选
high-concentration and high-viscosity coating material

制备涂料过程中用到
In the preparation of coating material

各种类型的泵
various types of pumps are used

有离心泵、齿轮泵
such as centrifugal pump, gear pump

计量泵、螺杆泵、皮管泵等
metering pump, screw pump, leather pump, etc.

这些泵的选择根据涂料的
The selection of these pumps is determined according to

流动特性和粘度来确定
the flow characteristics and viscosity of the coating material

比如齿轮泵的压头大而流量小
For example, a gear pump provides a large pressure head and a small flow

一般用于涂布助剂的输送
and is generally used for coating agent delivery

而螺杆泵由泵壳和螺杆组成
A screw pump is composed of a pump shell and a screw

适用于高粘度介质的输送
It is suitable for conveying high viscosity medium

可以输送高达20000mPa.s的
It can transport high viscosity medium

高粘状介质流体
fluid up to 20,000mP a•s

还可以输送高固含量颗粒状的介质
It can also transport granular medium with high solid content

如纤维介质固含量可达到40%
such as the fiber medium with a solid content up to 40%

粉状固体颗粒介质固含量可达到60%
and the powder solid medium with a solid content up to 60%

以上就是涂布机械与设备的概述
This is the end of the overview of coating machinery and equipment

及涂料制备设备的基本情况
and the basic situation of coating material preparation equipment

我们下一讲再见
I'll see you in the next lesson