1.3.2 筛选除尘设备及湿法备料设备在线视频

同学们好
Hello, everyone

上次课我们学习了
we have learned the cutting equipment

非木材干法备料的切断设备
of non-wood dry preparation in last lesson

这节课要讲的内容是
we’ll learn about other

干法备料的其它设备
equipment of dry preparation

湿法备料设备及辅助设备
wet preparation equipment and auxiliary equipment

首先来学习干法备料的除尘设备
First of all, let’s learn dust removal equipment of dry preparation

除尘设备是非木材备料特有的
Dust removal equipment is unique to non-wood preparation

由于草类原料材质柔软
Because grass raw material is soft in texture

要想切断
in order to cut it off

原料含水量必须要低
the mois ture content of raw material must be low

这样一来，刀辊切草时
in this way, when cutting grass with cutter roller

巨大的冲击力就使破碎的
huge impact force makes broken grass blades

草叶、小颗粒尘土等轻杂质飞起来
small particles dust and other light impurities fly up

产生大量飞尘
generating a large number of flying dust

造成工作环境异常恶劣
resulting in bad working environment

通常在刀辊及出料部位
A dust collection cover is usually arranged

设置吸尘罩
and the dust collection air duct system

连通吸尘风管系统
is connected on the cutter roller and the discharge part

然后再采用除尘设备进行除尘
Then the dust removal equipment is used for the dust removal

国内目前使用的除尘设备
The dust removal equipment currently used at home is mainly

主要是辊式除尘机和双锥除尘机
roller type dust remover and double-cone dust remover

辊式除尘机由若干个
The roller type dust remover consists of a number of

表面排列有羊角形齿棒的辊筒组成
rollers with horn-shaped tooth club arranged on the surface

辊子下面有筛板
There is a screen plate under the roller

筛板下面是集尘室
and a dust collection chamber under the screen plate

辊筒上面是辊罩
The roller is covered with a roll cover

辊罩上有开口
and an opening is connected

连接除尘设备
with the dust removing device on the roller cover

其工作原理是
The working principle is

随着辊子的转动
with the rotation of the roller

料片被羊角形齿棒
the material is moved by the horn-shaped tooth club

拨动、打散、翻滚
scattered, rolled

草叶、尘土等轻杂质
grass blades, dust and other light impurities

被吸尘罩吸走
are sucked away by the dust hood

泥沙、谷粒等重杂质
sediment, grain and other heavy impurities

通过筛板落入灰斗
all into the ash bucket through the screen plate

双锥除尘机主要由
The double cone dust remover is mainly composed of

锥鼓、筛板、锥形集尘室组成
cone drum, screen plate and cone dust collection chamber

锥鼓上安装有叶片
Th e cone drum is equipped with blades

其工作原理是
The working principle is

由两个锥鼓按右旋间歇打片
two cone drums make the step blade beating according to the right-hand

故能较好地将草片进行扩散，扬空
so it can better spread the blade of grass, lift to the air

利用沉降速差
make use of the settlement speed difference

风选等进行除尘
winnowing and so on to carry on the dust removal

与辊式除尘机相比
Compared with roller dust remover

具有除尘效率高
it has the advantages of high in dust removal efficiency

草片损失率低
low in loss rate of grass blade

无堵塞现象等优点
and no clogging phenomenon

芦苇原料相对于麦秸秆
Compared with wheat straw

其密度较大
reed raw material has higher density

因此一般用百叶式
so louvered winnowing dust remover

风选除尘器进行除尘
is generally used for dust removal

百叶式除尘器是一种
The louvered dust remover is a kind of

在负压操作的除尘设备
dust removal equipment under negative pressure operation

利用苇片各组分相对密度
By using the difference of the relative density

形状和受风面积的不同
shape and wind area of each component of the reed

通过速度差达到
the winnowing and purification can be achieved

风选净化的目的
through the difference of velocity

改善了周围环境和工人的劳动条件
so that the environment and working conditions are improved

除尘率可达95%
with the dust removal rate of up to 95%

对于分离出的灰尘
For the isolated dust

一般采用水膜除尘器进行处理
it is generally treated with a water-film dust remover

其工作原理是
The working principle is that

含尘气体从除尘器下部切线进入
the dusty gas enters from the lower tangent of the dust remover

由下向上旋转运动
and rotates from the bottom up

当穿过水膜时
When it passes through the water film

尘土被水吸附落下
the dust is adsorbed by water and fall off

然后从底部出口排出
and then discharged from the bottom outlet

通过水膜的气体
The gas through the water film

从顶部出口排出
is discharged from the top outlet

或再进入沉降室进一步处理
or enters into the settling chamber for further treatment

除尘效率达到95～98%
The dust removal efficiency reaches 95~98%

除尘器底部出口必须水封
The bottom outlet of the dust remover must be water-sealed

并设有溢流槽
and provided with an overflow tank

以保证水封液面稳定
to ensure the stability of the water seal level

对于蔗渣原料
For bagasse raw material

其外形尺寸较小
its contour dimension is small

且相对较干净
and relatively clean

所以它的备料主要是
so its preparation is mainly to

除去不能制浆使用的蔗髓
remove bagasse pith which can not be used for pulping

蔗髓是蔗渣中呈海绵状的
Bagasse pith is a spongy

一种非纤维状物质
non-fibrous substance in bagasse

同学们有吃过甘蔗吧
Some of you have eaten sugar cane

蔗髓就是你们吃甘蔗时
bagasse pith is the part of substance

口中感觉软软的那部分物质
with the soft mouth feel.

其成分主要是一些杂细胞
Its composition is mainly some miscellaneous cells

除髓方法有干法
The methods of depithing include dry

半干法和湿法
semi-dry and wet depithing

干法除髓
Dry depithing is mainly

主要使用锤式除髓机
to use hammer-type depithing machine

半干法主要使用立式除髓机
semi-dry depithing mainly use vertical depithing machine

湿法主要使用水力洗草机
wet depithing mainly use hydraulic straw washer

立式除髓机
The structure of vertical depithing machine

其结构如图所示
is as shown in the picture

主要是利用立轴鼓上
Rotating blade (hammer) which rotates at a high speed

高速旋转的转刀 ( 锤 )
on the vertical shaft drum is mainly used to

使进料蔗渣产生离心力
get the feeding bagasse to produce the centrifugal force

使纤维在筛网表面
making the fiber on the screen mesh

成螺旋线旋转而下
surface spin down along the spiral

同时纤维束在
at the same time the fiber bundle

筛网上竖向移动
on the screen mesh moves vertically

互相搓揉
rubbing each other

使得髓和纤维得以分离
making the pith and the fiber separated

并通过筛孔排除
and removed through the screen hole

蔗渣在机内输送是靠自身的重力
The bagasse is transported in the machine by its own gravity

因而减少了输送过程的动力消耗
thus reducing the power consumption of the conveying process

降低了纤维损伤
and reducing the fiber damage

以上所讲的都是干法备料的一些设备
All of the above are some equipment of dry preparation

下面来学习湿法备料的设备
let’s learn equipment of wet preparation in the following

水力碎草机和水力洗草机
The hydraulic straw cutter and the hydraulic straw washer

其工作原理都是一样的
is the same in working principle

主要是利用底部
mainly using the high-speed

转子的高速旋转作用
rotation of the bottom rotor

带动水中的草料激烈回转
to drive the grass material in the water to turn violently

并沿着球体或是槽体内壁
and flow from the bottom up along the inner wall

和导流板由下向上流动
of the sphere or the channel body and the guide plate

由于重力作用又落回到球体中心
then falls back to the center of the sphere due to the gravity action

从而形成激烈的旋流
so as to form the intense swirl

促使草片与泥沙得到进一步分离
which causes the further isolation of grass and the sediment

对于水力碎草机
For hydraulic straw cutter

草片在旋涡中翻腾过程中
the blade of grass is cut

受到水力的剪切作用
and torn by hydraulic shear

草片之间的相互摩擦作用
the mutual friction between the blade

特别是转子叶片的机械作用
especially the mechanical action of the rotor blade

以及转子叶片底部
and the shearing and rubbing action between the bottom

与筛板齿面之间的剪搓作用
of the blade and the tooth surface of the screen plate

草片被切断和撕裂
the blade of grass is cut off and torn

湿法处理适用于
Wet preparation is suitable for

秸秆、蔗渣、板皮等
straw, bagasse, slab and other

密度比较小的物料
materials with relatively small density

水力洗草机的结构主要由
The structure of hydraulic straw washer is mainly

球形壳体、叶轮、筛板
composed of spherical shell, impeller, screen plate

轴承、支架等部件组成
bearing, support and other parts

筛板上开有直径为15mm的筛孔
There are screen holes of 15mm in diameter on the screen plate

底部中心为叶轮
The center of the bottom is the impeller

叶轮与筛板的间距4~6mm
The distance between the impeller and the screen plate is 4~6 mm

在水力洗草机前
In front of the hydraulic straw washer

一般还配置一台鼓式水洗机
it is also equipped with a drum-type water washing machine

主要起散料和预浸作用
which mainly plays a role of spreading material and preimpregnation

通过表面带有齿板的圆辊的转动
through the rotation of roller with toothed plate on the surface

使料片润湿和初步除渣
the material is wetting and slag is preliminarily removed

其结构示意如图所示
Its structure is as shown in the picture

斜螺旋脱水机
Sloped spiral dehydrator is used

用于洗后料片的脱水
for material dewatering after washing

其工作原理是
The working principle is that

料片从脱水机底部送入
the material is fed from the bottom of

在由螺旋带动向上
the dehydrator and dehydrated during the

输送过程中实现脱水
upward conveying process driven by a screw

料片中的泥沙、碎屑
The sediment and debris in the material are

随废水通过筛板排出
discharged with the waste water through the screen plate

斜螺旋脱水机主要由
Sloped spiral dehydrator is mainly composed

壳体、螺旋轴、U型滤板等组成
of shell, spiral shaft, U-shaped filter plate, etc.

滤板孔径一般为2.8mm
The diameter of the filter plate is generally 2.8 mm

脱水机倾斜角一般与水平呈25°
and the angle of the dehydrator is 25° horizontally

草片泵是一种
Grass blade pump is a kind of equipment

将洗草机洗后的料片
which conveys the material washed by the straw washer

输送到斜螺旋脱水机的设备
to the sloped spiral dehydrator

它属于离心式水泵的一种
It belongs to one kind of centrifugal pump

具有特殊的叶轮结构
with special impeller structure

有关备料部分的内容也讲完了
the content of the preparation part is finished

谢谢大家
thank you all