16.2.2 刮刀涂布器和干燥器在线视频

同学们，大家好
Hello, everyone

上一讲我们介绍了
In the last lesson, I introduced

辊式涂布器和气刀涂布器
the roller spreaders and the air knife spreaders

这一讲我们将给大家介绍刮刀涂布器
In this lesson, I will introduce you the scraper spreaders

刮刀涂布器自20世纪50年代
Since the first patent

第一个专利发表以来
was published in the 1950s

现已发展成多种
the scraper spreaders have developed into

具有不同结构的刮刀涂布器
a variety of scraper spreaders with different structures

如硬刃刮刀涂布器
such as the hard blade scraper spreader

软刃刮刀涂布器
the soft blade scraper spreader

金属丝刮刀涂布器
the metal wire scraper spreader

刮辊式涂布器等
the scraper roller spreader and so on

刮刀涂布器具有“高速涂布性”
The scraper spreaders have the advantages of

和“高质量”两方面的优点
"high speed coating" and "high quality"

因此至今它仍是生产
so they are still the main spreaders

各种涂布印刷纸的主要涂布器
to produce all kinds of coated printing paper

刮刀涂布是通过上料辊
Scraper coating is using a feeding roller

将过量的涂料涂覆在纸幅上
to coat excessive coating material on the paper web

再用刮刀将多余的涂料刮去
and then using a scraping knife to scrape away excess coating material

它具有将原纸表面的低凹处
which has the flat surface coating feature of filling

填平的平面涂布的特点
and leveling up the low concaves of the original paper surface

也叫镜面涂布
is also known as mirror coating

因此涂层表面相当平滑
so the coating surface is quite smooth

具有良好的印刷效果
with good printing effect

并且它适应于高浓涂料
and it is suitable for high concentration coating material

和高速造纸机的涂布
and high-speed paper machine coating

刮刀涂布器的优点有
The advantages of scraper spreaders are as follows

第一，能填平原纸表面
first, they can fill and level up

凹凸不平的表面
the uneven surface of original paper

涂层平滑度高
with high coating smoothness

其次，能实现高速涂布
second, they can achieve high-speed coating

最高车速可达到2000m/min
with the maximum speed reaching 2000m/min

甚至更高
or even higher

还有它能够适应高浓涂料的涂布
moreover, they can adapt to the coating of high concentration coating material

涂料的固含量可以达到50~65%
with the solid content of the coating material reaching 50-65%

现在有的企业可能固含量更高
In present, the solid content adopted by some enterprises may be higher

达到节能的目的
to achieve the purpose of energy saving

刮刀涂布还适用于从低粘度
Scraper coating is also suitable for coating from low-viscosity

到高粘度涂料的涂布
to high-viscosity coating material

刮刀涂布的缺点就是
The disadvantages of scraper coating are

刮刀耗损大、更换频繁
high scraper wear, frequent replacement of scrapers

涂布面容易产生涂布条纹
and coating stripes are easy to be produced on the coating surface

常见的刮刀涂布器有
Common scraper spreaders include

拖刀式刮刀涂布器
drag knife spreader

挠性刮刀涂布器
flexible scraper spreader

倒置刮刀涂布器
inverted scraper spreader

比尔刮刀涂布器
Bill scraper spreader

双刮刀涂布器
double-scraper spreader

双流涂布器
double-flow spreader

溢流接触式刮刀涂布器
, overflow contact scraper spreader

和喷射式刮刀涂布器
and jet scraper spreader

时间关系，这些涂布器的
Due to the time limitation, as for the structure

结构、特点及其适应的纸种
characteristics and the kinds of paper adaptable of these spreaders

大家可以自己对着看书
you can read to yourself

刮刀涂布机的上料系统有
The feeding system of a scraper coater includes

辊式上料系统
a roller feeding system

涌泉式上料系统
a spring feeding system

喷嘴式上料系统
and a nozzle feeding system

图中所示的是常见的
There are three types of common roller feeding system

辊式上料系统有三种形式
as shown in the picture

图A为低液位上料辊结构
Fig. A shows a low liquid level feeding roller structure

通常涂料盘内的液位
in which usually the liquid level in the coating material plate

低于上料辊的中心轴线
is lower than the central axis of the feeding roller for

主要问题是高速涂布时
preventing the main problem of

会产生涂料飞溅问题
the spatter when coating at high speed

图B为溢流式上料辊结构
Fig. B shows the overflow feeding roller structure

图C为门辊式上料结构
and Fig. C shows the door roller feeding structure

涂布刮刀分为两类
The coating scrapers are divided into two categories

软刮刀，又称为无倾角刮刀
the soft scraper, also known as the aclinal scraper

和硬刮刀，又称为倾角刮刀
and the hard scraper, also known as the inclined scraper

这两类刮刀的厚度范围为0.25~0.63mm
The thickness range of these two kinds of scrapers is 0.25~0.63 mm

宽度范围为70~105mm
the width range is 70~105 mm

长度随各类涂布机的宽度而定
and the length is depended on the width of various coaters

涂布刮刀的材料是高碳钢或者陶瓷
The coating scraper material is high carbon steel or ceramic

帘式涂布器是一种窄空喷出的
The coating with a curtain spreader is coating a liquid film

涂料形成的液体薄膜
formed by the coating material

将此液膜涂在纸幅上
sprayed by a narrow and empty jet on the paper web

帘式涂布是液体涂层在
In the curtain coating, the liquid coating layer

接触到移动的预涂纸页之前
is in a free-falling movement before

呈自由下落运动
contacting with the moving pre-coated paper sheet

帘式涂布过程可分为
The curtain coating process can be divided into

幕帘形成区、幕帘流动区和冲击区
curtain forming zone, curtain flowing zone and impact zone

导致幕帘涂布失败的因素有
The factors leading to the failure of curtain coating are

涂料流速低，幕帘破裂
low coating material flow rate causing the curtain broken

涂料流速与涂布速度均低
low coating material flow rate and low coating speed

出现拽拉膜现象
leading to the phenomenon of pulling film

涂布速度高，流速相对低
high coating speed with relatively low flow rate

出现夹杂空气
causing the presence of inclusion air

以及涂料流速高，涂布速度低
and high coating material flow rate with low coating speed

形成踵部
causing the formation of a heel

以帘式涂布在高质量
Take the application of curtain coating

喷墨打印纸的应用为例
on high-quality ink-jet printing paper as an example

因为可以满足低流速界限的需求
because it can meet the requirements of low flow rate limit

采用多层滑动式帘式冲模
by adopting multi-layer sliding curtain punching die

底层和顶层这两个涂层
the bottom layer and top layer of the coatings

能够和厚的吸收层
can be coated in the form of

一起以落帘的形式进行施涂
falling curtain with the thick absorption layer

第二个应用事例
The application on thermo-sensitive paper

以热敏纸方面的应用
is taken as the second application example

其多层结构包括
The multilayer structure of thermo-sensitive paper includes

一个位于纸张表面的隔离层
an isolation layer located on the surface of the paper

和一个位于顶部的热敏层
and a thermo-sensitive layer located at the top

还有其他类型的涂布器
There are other types of spreaders

如喷雾涂布机、刀式涂布器
such as spray coating machine, knife-type spreader

高光泽涂布器、凝胶化铸涂
and high machine finish spreader, as well as gelatinized cast coating

超级压光纸的高光泽化处理
and supercalendered paper high machine finish treatment

在这里就不详细介绍了
Here I will not make the introduction in detail

大家如果以后用得到可以查阅相关资料
you can refer to the relevant materials if these types are used in the future

这些特殊的涂布装备
These special coating equipment is mostly

大多用于特种纸的制造
used in the manufacture of special paper

有的特种纸对涂布机的要求非常特殊
For some special paper, the requirements on the coating machine are very special

比如皮革离型纸
such as leather release paper

涂布器就是关键装备
and the spreader is the breakthrough point

和关键技术的突破点
of key equipment and key technology

涂布器就介绍到这里
That’s all for spreaders

下面我们一起来看看干燥器
Let's take a look at dryers

涂布纸的干燥是
The drying of coated paper is a process

一个传热和传质过程
of heat and mass transfer

目的是除去涂层中的水分
aim is to remove the moisture in the coating layer

形成涂层强度
form the strength of the coating layer

形成涂层与原纸之间的牢固结合强度
form the strong bond strength between the coating layer and the original paper

使涂层发生一定的化学和物理变化
make the coating layer undergo some chemical and physical changes

使涂层具有较好的适印性和光学效果
and make the coating layer have a good printability and optical effect

干燥器的类型很多
There are many types of dryers

如烘缸干燥器、桥式热风干燥器
such as the drying cylinder dryer, the bridge hot air dryer

气垫干燥器、正弦曲线气浮干燥器
the air cushion dryer, the sinusoidal air float dryer

和红外干燥器等
and the infrared dryer, etc.

烘缸干燥是以蒸汽传导方式传热
Drying cylinder drying is a process of heat transfer by

空气对流方式传质的过程
steam conduction and mass transfer by air convection

烘缸又称为接触式干燥器
The drying cylinder is also known as

或传导式干燥器
a contact dryer or conductive dryer

为了防止涂布后
In order to prevent wet coating material

表面的湿涂料粘缸
adhering to the surface of the cylinder after coating

一般要求1、2烘缸的表面
the surface of drying cylinder 1 and 2 usually is required

具有防粘涂层或者采用非接触干燥器
to be coated with anti-adhesive coating layer or to use a non-contact dryer

如红外干燥器或热风气垫式干燥
such as a infrared dryer or hot air cushion drying

在一个密闭的干燥室内
In an airtight drying chamber

设有许多的辊子形成的“拱桥”
there are many "arch bridges" formed by rollers

涂布纸的涂层背面
The back of the coating layer of the coated paper contacts with each

与各辊面接触成弧形线前进
roller surface to form an arc line and the coated paper moves forward

热风以110~160℃的温度
The hot air blows directly to the paper surface

经喷嘴直接吹向纸面
through a nozzle at the temperature of 110~160℃

对纸页加温后
After heating the paper sheet

一部分带有水汽的气体从排风道排出
one part of the gas with water vapor is discharged from an exhaust duct

气垫干燥器是一种
Air cushion dryer is a kind of

非接触型干燥设备
non-contact drying equipment

它可以以单侧布置，也可以双侧布置
which can be arranged on one side or on both sides

从各种干燥性能的测定和归纳来看
From the determination and induction of various drying properties

采用双侧布置比单侧布置的气垫干燥器
the air cushion dryer with two-side arrangement is better than that

对涂布纸干燥的质量要好
with one-side arrangement for the drying quality of coated paper

同时还可以增加产量
and the yield can also be increased

双侧布置的气垫干燥器有两种形式
The air cushion dryer with two-side arrangement has two forms

对应排列和交错排列
corresponding arrangement and staggered arrangement.

气垫干燥喷嘴的形式有
Air cushion drying nozzle is in the form of two types

气浮式和气翼式两种
air-floating and airfoil

从图中我们可以看到
In the picture, we can see that

气浮式的喷嘴是对称交错布置的
the air-floating nozzles are symmetrically staggered arranged

干燥喷嘴从两侧喷出
the drying nozzles eject on both sides

由于“附壁效应”
because of the "wall-attached effect"

横向的气流给纸页摩擦作用
the horizontal airflow gives the paper a friction effect

以达到最佳的热和质的传递
to achieve the best heat and mass transfer

同时支撑纸幅在某一位置
in the meanwhile, supports the paper web in a certain position

气翼式的干燥空气从喷嘴一侧
As for the airfoil type drying nozzles

喷出后随纸一起运行
air is ejected from one side of the nozzles and runs with the paper

由于“附壁效应”
because of the "wall-attached effect"

使纸幅定位在离喷嘴一定的距离
the paper web is positioned at a fixed distance from the nozzles

这种喷嘴给纸幅极佳的稳定性
This kind of nozzle gives the paper an excellent stability

和较广泛的干燥能力
and wide drying ability

适用于低定量涂布纸的干燥
it is suitable for drying of low weight coated paper

也可用于一侧无承托的干燥布置
as well as the drying arrangement of no support on one side

这是气垫干燥器的剖面图
This is the profile of an air cushion dryer.

正弦曲线气浮干燥器的纸幅
The sinusoidal air-floating dryer has the

自由收缩，具有良好的特性
characteristic of free shrinkage of paper web

干燥效率高
and high drying efficiency

它由上箱、下箱、上喷嘴箱
It is composed of an upper box, a lower box, an upper nozzle box

下喷嘴箱及导纸辊组成
a lower nozzle box and a paper guide roller

关于涂布机械与设备
On coating machinery and equipment

我们就跟大家探讨到这里
this is the end of our discussion with you here

谢谢大家的聆听，再见
Thank you for listening and Bye-bye