2.1 化学制浆概述在线视频

同学们好
Hello, class

今天要讲的内容是
Today, we are going to talk about

《制浆造纸机械与设备》课程第二章
Chapter II Chemical Pulp Machinery and Equipment

化学制浆机械与设备
of Pulp and Paper Machinery and Equipment course

我分三个部分讲述
I will separate it into 3 parts

第一部分是化学制浆概述
Part 1 is the overview of chemical pulp

化学制浆是指
Chemical pulp refers to the process in which

植物纤维原料在蒸煮设备中
the raw materials of plant fiber in the cooking equipment

与适量的化学药品（蒸煮白液）
with appropriate amount of chemicals (cooking white liquor)

一起在特定的压力
under certain pressure

温度和时间作用下
temperature and time

使原料中绝大部分木素
make most of the lignin in the raw materials

解离成小分子溶解在药液中
dissociated into small molecules that dissolved in the liquor

使纤维彼此分离成纸浆的过程
and make the fibers separated from each other into pulp

蒸煮设备对成浆的
The cooking equipment has a great influence

质量、产量影响非常大
on the quality and yield of pulp

通过这个化学法制浆的
From the Process Flow Diagram

工艺流程简图可以看出
of the Chemical Pulp, it can be seen that

化学制浆的主体设备
the main equipment of chemical pulp

是蒸煮器和喷放锅
is the digester and the blow tank

由于化学制浆的方法很多
Because there are many methods of chemical pulp

比如烧碱法、硫酸盐法
such as alkaline pulp, kraft pulp

亚硫酸盐法等
and sulphite pulp, etc.

而且纤维原料多种多样
and the fiber raw materials are various

特性各异
with different characteristics

再加上生产规模有大有小
In addition, there are large and small production scales

所以化学制浆设备的
so that the structure and form of chemical

结构与形式也有多种类型
pulp equipment also has many types

依照操作过程分为
According to the operation process

间歇式蒸煮器
it can be classified into

和连续式蒸煮器两大类
batch digester and continuous digester

除蒸煮器外
In addition to digesters

化学制浆还需要配置
chemical pulp also needs to be equipped with

药液循环泵、药液加热器、喷放仓
liquor circulating pump, liquor heater , blow bin

余热回收设备等辅助设备
waste heat recovery equipment and other auxiliary equipment

间歇式蒸煮设备
Batch cooking equipment mainly

主要有蒸球、立式蒸煮锅
refers to globe digester and vertical digester

蒸球实际上就是一个
The globe digester is actually

球形的压力容器
a spherical pressure vessel

多用于中小型制浆厂
which is mostly used in small and medium scale pulp plants

适用于各种纤维原料和制浆方法
suitable for a variety of fiber raw materials and pulp methods

运行时，直接通蒸汽加热
When running, directly steam the rotary spherical digester

球体沿横轴旋转
and the sphere rotates along the horizontal axis

立式蒸煮锅是一种
The vertical digester is a

固定式的压力容器
kind of fixed pressure vessel

可以直接通蒸汽进行加热
It can be directly heated by steam

或是通过换热器间接加热药液
or indirectly heat the liquor through

通过药液强制循环
the heat exchanger to perform heating cooking

来进行升温蒸煮
by forced circulation of liquor

主要用于木材、荻、苇
It is mainly applied for wood, grass, reed

竹子等硬质纤维原料制浆
bamboo and other hard fiber materials

连续蒸煮设备
Continuous cooking equipment

主要有塔式连蒸
mainly refers to vertical continuous cooking

横管连蒸
horizon continuous cooking

斜管连蒸
and inclined continuous cooking

塔式连蒸
The vertical continuous steamer

分为卡米尔连续蒸煮器
is classified into the Kamyr continuous digester

和埃斯科连续蒸煮器
and the ESCO continuous digester

后一种是卡米尔蒸煮器的简化版本
The latter one is a simplified version of the Kamyr digester

横管连蒸
The horizon continuous cooking

分为潘迪亚式连续蒸煮器
is classified into Pandia continuous digester

荻菲尔连续蒸煮器
Defirator continuous digester

格林柯连续蒸煮器
and Grenco continuous digester

斜管连蒸主要是
The inclined continuous cooking mainly

M&D式连续蒸煮器
refers to M&D continuous digester

这么多类型的蒸煮器
There are so many types of digesters

那制浆的时侯该怎么选呢
how to choose when making pulp

首先我们要考虑
First of all, we should consider

纤维原料的种类
the type of fiber raw materials

生产规模
production scale

拟采用的制浆方法
proposed pulp method to be used

以及投资额度
and investment amount

比如说，对于大多数制浆造纸企业
For example, for most pulp and papermaking enterprises

小规模的木材制浆一般选
for small-scale wood pulp

间歇式立锅蒸煮器
the batch vertical digester is generally selected

大规模的木材制浆
for large-scale wood pulp

选择卡米尔塔式连续蒸煮器
the Kamyr vertical continuous digester is generally selected

对于非木材原料
and for non-wood raw materials

一般选择潘迪亚横管连续蒸煮器
Pandia horizon continuous digesters are generally selected

确定了蒸煮器类型
To determine the type of digester

就需要根据生产规模
it is necessary to calculate and determine

对蒸煮器的容积
the volume and number of digesters

和台数进行计算确定
according to the production scale

对于间歇式蒸煮器
For batch digester

其总容积V的计算公式如图所示
the formula for its total volume V is as shown in the figure

从公式可以看出
It can be seen from the formula that

蒸煮器的总容积主要决定于
the total volume of the digester mainly determined

原料的装锅量和蒸煮时间
by the volume of the raw material and the cooking time

举例来说
For example

对于一个年产10万吨的竹浆厂
for a bamboo pulp plant with an annual output of 100,000 tons

粗浆产量q约等于15吨每小时
the crude pulp yield q is about 15 tons per hour

根据表中数据
According to the data in the table

可以查到楠竹的装锅量为
it can be found that the filling capacity of bamboo

180~200公斤每立方
is 180~200 kg per m3

假设粗浆得率为50%
assuming that the crude pulp yield is 50%

蒸煮周期为2小时
the cooking cycle is 2 hours

填充系数选择0.8
and the filling coefficient is 0.8

同学们可以算一下，计算得到的
Class, you can calculate that

蒸煮器总容积为：338~375m³
the total volume of the digester is: 338~375m3

对于间歇蒸煮器
For batch digester

其容积规格一般是标准化的
its volume specification is generally standardized

比如单台立锅容积一般为
For example, the volume of a single

50立方、75立方、110立方
vertical digester is 50 m3, 75 m3, 110 m3

最大可到135立方
and the maximum volume can be up to 135 m3

确定了总容积
After determining the total volume

我们就可以根据单台设备的容积
we can determine the required unit number

确定所需要的台数
according to the volume of a single device

当然，对于间歇蒸煮来讲
Of course, for batch cooking

为了便于生产调度、均衡生产
in order to facilitate production scheduling, balanced production

降低水、电、汽的高峰负荷
and reduce the peak load of water, electricity and steam

每台蒸煮设备的生产能力
the production capacity of each digester

一般不超过总产量的
shall not exceed 1/2 to 1/3

二分之一到三分之一
of the total output

所以要选2~3台以上
so 2-3 more units shall be selected

另外，选用的蒸煮设备
In addition, the specifications and models of the selected

规格型号应尽量相同
cooking equipment should be the same as far as possible

以便于管理和维修
so as to facilitate management and maintenance

同时，还要考虑
at the same time, equipment investment

设备投资和土建投资
and civil construction investment should also be considered

根据这个原则
According to this principle

还是以刚才举例的
take the example of 100,000 tons of bamboo pulp

10万吨竹浆为例
we just mentioned as an example

因蒸煮器总容积为338~375m³
because the total volume of the digester is 338~375 m3

如果选50立方的立锅
if you choose the vertical digester of 50m3

需要8台
you will need 8 units

如果选75立方的
if you choose 75m3

需要5台
you will need 5 units

如果选110立方的
if you choose 110m3

则需要4台
you will need 4 units

如果选135立方的
and if you choose 135m3

则需要3台
you will need 3 units

显而易见
Obviously, the selection of

选3台135立方的是最优方案
three units of 135m3 is the best solution

对于连续式蒸煮器
For continuous digesters

其总容积计算
the calculation of its total volume

与间歇蒸煮器类似
is similar to that of the batch digester

主要是充满系数有差异
and the main difference is the filling coefficient

塔式连蒸充满系数
The vertical continuous cooking filling

一般取0.9~0.95
coefficient normally takes 0.9~0.95

横管连蒸一般取0.7~0.8
and the horizon continuous cooking takes 0.7~0.8

连续蒸煮设备没有固定容积
The continuous cooking equipment does not have a fixed volume

属于定制产品
and belongs to the customized product

一般情况下，根据生产规模
Generally, only one continuous digester

只选用一台连续蒸煮器
is selected according to the production scale

对于塔式连蒸
For vertical continuous cooking

通常是根据总容积
the diameter and height of the cooking vertical

来确定蒸煮塔的直径和高度
are usually determined according to the total volume

对于横管连蒸
for horizon continuous cooking

因单根管的直径和长度比
the diameter and length ratio

受加工能力的限制
of single tube are generally fixed

一般是固定的
due to the limitation of processing capacity

所以需要根据总容积
so it is necessary to determine the number

来确定蒸煮管的根数
of the cooking tubes based on the total volume

今天的课就讲到这里
That’s all for today

谢谢大家
Thank you