15.1 压光机概述在线视频

同学们，大家好
Hello, everyone

我是华南理工大学
I’m Teacher Yang Fei from School of

轻工科学与工程学院的杨飞老师
Light Industry and Engineering of South China University of Technology

这节课我们将一起探讨压光机和卷纸机
We’ll discuss calender and rewinder in this lesson

首先我们来看看
First of all, let’s look at the

压光机的基本作用和影响因素
basic function and influence factors of calender

压光机是纸张和纸板的整饰设备
The calender is the finishing equipment of paper sheet and paperboard

其作用是提高纸的平滑度
Its function is to improve the uniformity of the smoothness

光泽度和厚度的均匀性
glossiness and thickness of paper

以及纸张的平整性
and the flatness of paper

为后续的加工操作提供好的条件
so as to provide good condition for subsequent processing operation

压光机分为机内和机外两种
The calender is divided into two types: in-machine and out-machine

机内压光机位于
The in-machine calender is located between

纸机干燥部与卷纸机之间
the drying part of the paper machinery and the rewinder

通常是由冷激铸铁
It is usually composed of a number of rollers

或淬硬钢或纸粕辊等材质
made of cold-shock cast iron

制造的若干辊子的组成
or hardened steel or paper pulp roller

垂直或者以一定角度重叠安装在机架上
It is mounted on the frame vertically or at an angle

在压光机的发展进程中
During the development of calender

经历了传统压光机
it has experienced the process of traditional calender

超级压光机、软辊压光机的过程
super calender and soft roller calender

近几年还出现了金属带式压光机
In recent years, metal belt calender and boot calender

和靴式压光机等宽压区压光技术
and other wide-area calender technology appear

压光机是通过转动的辊子
The calender is to crush the paper web

在压区中对纸幅进行碾压
in the calendering area through the rotating roller

其压光质量是否达到了整饰效果
whether the calendering quality has reached the finishing effect

除与压光前纸幅本身性质有关外
is related to the property of paper web before calendering

还与压光机的结构性能和操作参数有关
and the structure performance and operation parameter of the calender

接下来我们一起探讨一下
Next, let’s discuss these

这些主要影响因素
main influence factors

首先我们来看
first, let’s take a look at

压光前纸幅的性质
the property of the paper web before calendering

压光前的纸幅性质
The impact of the property of the paper web before calendering

影响压光效果主要是
on the calendering effect mainly depends on

纸幅的可压缩性所决定的
the compressibility of paper web

这与纸张所用浆料配比
which is closely related to the

与纤维原料密切相关
proportioning of pulp used by paper and fibre material

一般来说
Generally speaking

化学机械浆、机械浆等纤维较为硬挺
the fiber of chemi-mechanical pulp and mechanical pulp is the most hard

纸幅的松厚度较高
the paper web is high in bulk

可压缩性较大
and big in compressibility

但压光后难于获得较好的平滑度
but it is hard to obtain good smoothness after calendering

采用表面施胶会增加
Surface sizing will increase

纸幅表面的细腻程度
the fineness of the surface

有利于改善压光效果
which is conducive to the improve the calendering effect

在一定条件下
Under a certain circumstance

压光效果随着纸幅
the calendering effect increases with

水分含量的增加而增加
the increase of the moisture of paper web

因为水分高时
Because when the moisture is high

纤维的可塑性较大
the plasticity of fiber is big

与低水分条件下压光的纸幅相比
Compared with paper web calendered under the low moisture

在高水分条件下压光的纸幅
the paper web calendered under high moisture usually

通常具有较高的强度、紧度、光泽度
has higher strength, tightness, glossiness

但其亮度和不透明度较低
but its brightness and opacity is lower

但是水分含量过高的
However, paper or paper board with

纸张或纸板不可过分压光
too high moisture cannot be calendered excessively

因为过分压光会使纸面发黑
because the excessive calendering will make the paper surface black

纸或纸板在进入压光机时
When the paper or paper board enters the calender

通常含有6.0%~8.0%的水分
it usually contains the moisture of 6.0%~8.0%

为了增加纸幅在压光时的水分含量
In order to increase the moisture of paper web in calendering

在进入压光机前
before entering into the calender

纸幅通常要经过冷缸
the paper web will go through the cold cylinder

使大气中的水分凝结在纸幅的表面上
and make the water in the atmosphere condensed on the surface of the paper web

第二个影响因素就是压区的数量
The second influence factor is the number of calendering areas

压区数主要与压光机的辊数有关
which is mainly related to the number of rollers of the calender

辊数越多，压区越多
the more the rollers, the more the calendering areas

相应的纸幅的整饰作用越强
the stronger the finishing function of the corresponding paper web

压光后纸幅的平滑度和光泽度也越高
and the higher the smoothness and glossiness of the paper web after calendering

第三个影响因素就是线压力
The third influence factor is the line pressure

线压力反映压光机
The line pressure reflects the

对纸幅所施加压力的大小
degree of pressure of the calender on the paper web

是决定纸幅紧度
which is the main factor that determines the tightness

平滑度和光泽度的主要因素
smoothness and glossiness of paper web

常用单位kN/m表示
usually in kN/m

线压力的大小与
The degree of line pressure is related to

压光辊辊径、压光辊材材质
the roll diameter and material of calendering roll

压区宽度、工作速度等参数有关
the width of the calendering area and the working speed of the roller

对于一般的压光辊材料而言
As far as the general pressure roller

辊径越大，压区也越宽
the bigger the roll diameter, the wider the calendering area

有利于实现较高的线压力
which is conducive to realize higher line pressure

既满足纸幅质量要求
it can not only meet the requirements for paper web quality

又可保证较高的生产能力
but also ensure the higher production capacity

第四个影响因素是热辊的温度
The fourth influence factor is the temperature of the hot roll

热辊温度一般可达到100~250℃
which can generally reach 100~250℃

对于有些特种纸
For some special type paper

压光的温度会更高
the temperature of calendering is higher

热辊可对纸幅加热而提高纸幅温度
the hot roll could heat the paper web so as to improve the temperature of paper web

使纸页纤维或涂层软化
and make the fiber and coating of the paper sheet soft

塑性增加
and the plasticity increased

有利于压光效果的提高
which is conducive to the improvement of calendering effect

且对纸页的松厚度有比较好的保持
and keep a good bulk of the paper sheet

第五个影响因素是工作车速
The fifth influence factor is the working speed

工作车速影响纸幅
The working speed has an impact on the

受压光的作用时间
action time of the paper web being calendered

车速越高
The high the speed

纸幅所受压力作用的时间越短
the shorter the time of paper web being calendered

压光机对纸幅的整饰程度将会降低
and the degree of calender on finishing the paper web will decrease

第六个影响因素就是压光辊的辊面性能
The sixth influence factor is the roll surface performance of the calender

压光过程是纸幅在
The process of calendering is the finishing process

压力作用下被整饰的过程
of paper web under the action of pressure

因而辊面性能直接影响
so the performance of roll surface has a direct impact

压光后纸幅的质量
on the quality of paper web after calendering

辊面性能包括
The properties of roll surface include

辊面材质、硬度、粗糙度和中高等
material, hardness, roughness and crown and so on

不同辊面性能的压光辊
calendering roll of different roll surface properties

对纸幅的整饰效果不同
has different finishing effect on paper web

各种压光机有不同的特点
All kinds of calenders have different characteristics

根据压光辊辊面的硬度分类
According to the hardness classification of calendering roller surface

可以分为硬压区压光机
it can be divided into hard calendering area calender

软压区压光机
and soft calendering area calender

硬压区压光机又可以分为
Hard calendering area calender can be divided into

纸机压光机、半干压光机等
paper machinery calender, semi-dry calender and so on

而软压区压光机又可以分为
and soft calendering area calender can be divided into

光泽压光机、软辊压光机
gloss calender, soft roller calender

超级软辊压光机等等
super soft roller calender and so on

根据压光机的整饰功能
According to the finishing function of the calender

又可以分为以下几类
it can be divided into the following categories

首先是半干压光机
the first one is the semi-dry calender

它通常安装在多缸造纸机的
which is usually installed in the position of dry part

烘干部接近干端1/3的位置
of a multi-cylinder paper machinery near the 1/3 of dry end

由两个钢辊或镀铬钢辊垂直安装
which is vertically installed by two steel rollers or chrome-plated steel roller

纸幅干度大约为70%
the dryness of paper web of about 70%

对纸幅起到平滑整饰
it plays a role of making the paper web smooth and finished

增加紧度、消除毯痕的作用
increasing the tightness, eliminating the blanket mark

使纸幅与烘缸表面贴得更紧密
so that the paper web and dry cylinder surface stuck more closely

进一步改善烘缸的传热效率
so as to further improve the heat transfer efficiency of dry cylinder

和纸面的平滑度
and smoothness of paper surface

第二是纸机压光机
The second one is the paper machinery calender

它主要是对纸或纸板的厚度
it is mainly to conduct a lower level of finishing on the thickness

平滑度和平整性进行较低层次的整饰
smoothness and flatness of paper or paperboard

光泽压光机是提高涂布后
Glossy calender is an important equipment to

纸板的平滑度和光泽度的重要设备
improve the smoothness and glossiness of coated paperboard

同时又能保证纸板所需要的挺度
at the same time, it can ensure the stiffness of paperboard

主要用于涂布纸板、涂布卡纸的生产
It is mainly used in the production of coated paperboard and coated card paper

而超级压光机对纸幅的
And the super calender can achieve a high degree

光泽度、平滑度和粗糙度
of finishing on the glossiness, smoothness

能达到很高的整饰程度
and roughness of paper web

多用于铜版纸、低定量涂布纸
which is mostly used in copperplate paper, low quantitative coated paper

超级压光纸等纸张的整饰作用
super calendering paper and other paper

软辊压光机
Soft roller calender is mainly

主要用于原来需要用
used for paper or paperboard which originally

硬压光机整饰的纸或纸板
needed to be finished with a hard calender

如轻涂纸和未涂布纸和纸板
such as light coated paper and uncoated paper and paperboard

通常在线配置
usually on-line configuration

对平滑度、光泽度、粗糙度的
the degree of finishing on smoothness, glossiness and roughness

整饰程度要比纸机压光机高
is higher than that of paper calender

但比超级压光机略差一点
but slightly worse than that of super calender

超级软压光机用途和超级压光机相同
Super soft calender is used the same as super calender

配置有可加热的热辊和软辊
It is equipped with hot roller and soft roller which can be heated

具有可控中高，调整灵敏
It has controllable crown and sensitive adjustment

对纸幅的整饰效果非常好
It is very good for the finishing effect of paper web

一般机外配置，也可以在线配置
It can also be configured out-machine or on-line

以上就是压光机的基本情况
The above is the basic situation of calender

下一节我们将一起关注压光机的主要部件
we will focus on the main parts of calender in next section