当前课程知识点：How to Give Babies a Healthy Start in Life > Lecture 11 Expand Learning——the Continuation of Love > 11.5 Postpartum Depression > Essay
返回《How to Give Babies a Healthy Start in Life》慕课在线视频课程列表
1. Postpartum depression (postpartum depression) refers to women who have obvious depressive symptoms or typical depressive episodes during the puerperium. It belongs to the puerperal mental syndrome together with postpartum restlessness and postpartum psychosis. The incidence is 15% to 30%. The typical postpartum depression occurs within 6 weeks after delivery and can recover on its own within 3 to 6 months, but it can also last for 1 to 2 years in severe cases, and there is a recurrence rate of 20% to 30% in the second pregnancy. Its clinical characteristics are not significantly different from other time depressive episodes.
2. Cause
① Biological factors: (1) Endocrine factors During the process of pregnancy and childbirth, the endocrine environment in the body has undergone great changes, especially within 24 hours after delivery, the rapid changes in hormone levels in the body are the biological basis of postpartum depression. Studies have found that the release of placental steroids reaches the highest value before labor, and the patient is happy; the patient is depressed when the secretion of placental steroids suddenly decreases after delivery. (2) Genetic factors There is a high incidence of postpartum depression in women who have a family history of psychosis, especially those with a family history of depression. (3) Obstetric factors. Prenatal mentality is related to the onset of postpartum depression. During childbirth, postpartum complications, dystocia, delayed labor, use of assisted reproductive technology, long first stage of labor, vaginal delivery, surgery, etc., will all affect the mother Bring tension and fear, leading to increased physical and psychological stress, and induce postpartum depression. (4) Physical disease factors Parturients with physical disease or disability have developed postpartum depression, especially infection and fever have a certain impact on the onset of postpartum depression. In addition, the susceptibility of central nervous function, the influence of emotional and motor information processing and regulation systems (such as dopamine) may be related to the occurrence of postpartum depression.
②Social and psychological factors: maternal personality characteristics, lack of mental preparation before delivery, poor postpartum adaptation, poor mood in the early postpartum period, insufficient sleep, excessive fatigue in caring for the baby, young maternal age, discordance between husband and wife, lack of social support, family economic status, delivery Attitudes of medical staff at the time, baby's gender and health status, etc. are all closely related to the occurrence of postpartum depression.
3. Clinical manifestations:
(1) Changes in mood
The most prominent symptom of the patient is a persistent depression, manifested as gloomy expression, listlessness, drowsiness, easy tearing and crying. Patients often use words such as "depressed", "desolate", "dull", "empty", "lonely", and "it seems to be separated from others by a wall" to describe their feelings. Patients often feel depressed and depressed, and often lose their temper due to trivial matters. For a long period of time, most of the time the mood is low, even if there are a few days or 1 to 2 weeks in the meantime, the mood improves, but it quickly falls into depression. In spite of this, the degree of depression in patients is generally not serious, and emotional reactions still exist. A few humorous aphorisms can make them laugh. A relaxed conversation can make him feel better temporarily. Patients themselves can also perceive their own emotional abnormalities, but they often attribute them to others or the environment.
(2) Decreased self-evaluation
Excessive anxiety about the baby’s health; self-blame, worry about not being able to take good care of the baby; self-restraint and self-guilt; full of hostility towards people around him, and uncoordinated relationship with family and husband.
(3) Lack of confidence in life
Reluctant to feed babies; feel that life is meaningless; reduce initiative and impaired creative thinking; serious people have suicidal ideation or behavior that hurts the baby.
(4) Physical symptoms
Tired easily; difficulty falling asleep and waking up early; decreased appetite; decreased or even total loss of libido.
4. Treatment
(1) Supportive psychotherapy Supportive psychotherapy is also called supportive therapy. It means that in the process of performing medical care, medical staff reasonably use persuasion, encouragement, sympathy, comfort, support, understanding and assurance to the patient’s mental state, which can effectively eliminate the patient’s bad emotions and make it the best way to receive treatment Psychological state, so as to ensure the smooth progress of treatment and make the disease recover quickly.
(2) Interpersonal psychotherapy This method of psychotherapy for depression is mainly used to treat the acute onset of depression in adults, aiming to relieve depression symptoms and improve some social problems of depressed patients. Common interpersonal problems in patients with depression include four aspects: abnormal sadness reactions, interpersonal conflicts, difficulty in changing roles, and lack of interpersonal communication.
(3) Music therapy One of the most popular psychotherapy methods for depression is music therapy. The limbic system and brainstem network structure play a major role in regulating human internal organs and physical functions, and music can directly or indirectly affect these neural structures.
(4) Focus shift If you are facing serious unpleasant life events after childbirth, or even the problem is difficult to solve, don't let your energy always focus on the adverse events. The more you think about unpleasant things, the worse your mood will be. The worse your mood is, the easier it will be to get into the horns, and your mood will become lower and fall into a vicious circle of emotions. Therefore, to properly divert your attention is a kind of transfer method, to shift your attention to some pleasant things, to pay attention to your own preferences, not only to shift your thinking, but also to participate in pleasant activities within your ability.
(5) Behavior adjustment method In view of the fact that women are not suitable for strenuous exercise after childbirth, some appropriate relaxing activities are very necessary, such as deep breathing, walking, meditation, meditation and calming pictures, listening to soothing and beautiful music, etc.
(6) Talk to the catharsis method. Find friends or relatives to communicate with each other, talk to your heart's heart, and it is okay to cry a lot.
(7) Role alternation method Don’t forget that although you are a mother, you are still the husband’s wife and parents’ love daughter. No one can only be a 24-hour full-time mother, so you have to change your role to enjoy the love of your wife and daughter. that power.
(8) Self-encouragement method Appreciate yourself, look more at your own merits, look more at the benefits of things, and think more about the side of things that may be successful.
(9) Self-realization method Birth and childbirth is only one way for women to realize themselves, but it is by no means the only way, so don’t forget that there are other potential and needs for self-realization. Perhaps taking advantage of the time of maternity leave, I can still pay attention to what I am good at. When the maternity leave is over, there will be a new image of a facelift.
(10) If the depression is very serious, try medication.
5. Prevention
1. Strengthen perinatal health care: use various channels such as maternity schools to popularize common knowledge about pregnancy and childbirth, reduce the tension and fear of pregnant women about pregnancy and childbirth, and improve self-care.
2. Close observation: Pregnant women with a family history of mental illness should be closely observed regularly to avoid all adverse stimuli and give more care and guidance.
3. Full attention; the process of childbirth and pain have a greater impact on postpartum depression, especially for women with long labor and mental stress. Full attention should be given.
4. Psychological counseling: Women with high-risk factors such as a bad birth history, stillbirth, malformed fetus, and abnormal mood during pregnancy should be given more care and psychological counseling should be carried out as soon as possible.
返回《How to Give Babies a Healthy Start in Life》慕课在线视频列表
-1.1 Introduction
-1.2 Classwork
--1.2.1 Choice
-2.1 Premarital Health Care
-2.2.1 Healthy Lifestyle
-2.2.2 Nutrition During Peri-conception
-2.3.1 Conditions for Successful Pregnancy
-2.3.2 Pre-pregnancy Examination
-2.4 Classwork
--2.4.1 Choice
-3.1 The Anatomy of the Female Reproductive System
-3.2 Birth of the Fetus
-3.3 Fetus' Growth
-3. 4 The Accidents in Life
-3.5 Fetal Guard
-3.6 Classwork
--3.6.1 Choice
-4.1 Pregnant Mother’s Body Shape Changes
-4.2 Reasonable Pregnancy Nutrition
-4.3 Regular Prenatal Examinations
-4.4 Harmonious Sexual Life during Pregnancy
-4.5.1 Careful Medication During Pregnancy（1）
-4.5.2 Careful Medication During Pregnancy（2）
-4.6 Scientific Fetal Education
-4.7 The Physical Reactions in Early Pregnancy
-4.8 Classwork
--4.8.1 Choice
-5.1 Psychological changes of mothers at various stages of pregnancy
-5.2 Recognize and Interpret Common Emotions
-5.3 Take Life as the Background to Understand Your Emotions
-5.4 How to communicate with others in the relationships
-5.5 Classwork
--5.5.1 Choice
-6.1 Anatomical Structure of Female Pelvis
-6.2 Natural Delivery
-6.3 Cesarean Section
-6.4 Classwork
--6.4.1 Choice
-7.1 Screening Down Syndrome
-7.2 Noninvasive DNA Prenatal Examination
-7.3 Amniotic fluid examination
-7.4 Classwork
--7.4.1 Choice
-8.1 Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
-8.2 Hypertension of pregnancy
-8.3 Premature Delivery and Post-term Pregnancy
-8.4 Classwork
--8.4.1 Choice
-9.1 History and instruments of obstetric ultrasound
-9.2 Development History and Instruments of Obstetrics Ultrasound
-9.3 Grading of and Timing for Prenatal Ultrasonography
-9.4 Reflection on Popularization of Ultrasonography During Pregnancy
-9.5 Classwork
--9.5.1 Choice
-10.1 Drug-Induced Ototoxicity
-10.2 Congenital Pyloric Obstruction
-10.3 Congenital Dislocation of Hip Joint
-10.4 Cleft Lip and Palate
-10.5.1 Hemoglobinopathy and Thalassemia（1）
-10.5.2 Hemoglobinopathy and Thalassemia（2）
-10.6 Polycystic Kidney Disease
-10.7 Classwork
--10.7.1 Choice
-11.1 Love Your Life
--Essay
-11.2 Treatment of Common Symptoms During Pregnancy
--Essay
-11.3 Preparation Before Delivery
--Essay
-11.4 Painless Labor
--Essay
-11.5 Postpartum Depression
--Essay
