当前课程知识点：制浆造纸机械与设备 > 第四章 洗涤浓缩机械与设备 > 4.1 概述 > 4.1 概述
同学们好
Hello, class
我是华南理工大学
I am Li Bo from School of Light Industry and Engineering
轻工科学与工程学院的李擘
of South China University of Technology
今天我们来介绍洗涤浓缩机械与
Today, I will introduce the contents of the Chapter
设备这一章的内容
of Washing and Thickening Machinery and Equipment
我们知道
We are all aware that
在制浆过程当中
in the process of pulping
无论是化学浆
no matter it is chemical pulp
高得率浆还是废纸浆
high-yield pulp or waste pulp
都需要对浆中的废液
it is necessary to remove the waste liquid
或者夹杂在其中的杂质进行去除
and the impurities contained in the pulp
并且需要根据制浆各个处理单元的特点
and adjust the consistency of the pulp
对浆料的浓度进行调整
according to the characteristics of each processing unit of pulping
那么就要用到两个单元
Therefore, two units shall be adopted
洗涤和浓缩
i.e., washing and thickening
这两个单元
These two units, as well as the
包括后面我们要介绍的筛选和净化
screening and purification that we will introduce later
是制浆造纸过程中
are widely applied processing units
应用非常广泛的处理单元
in the pulping and papermaking process
下面我们先对洗涤和浓缩做个概述
Let's have an overview of washing and thickening first
首先，我们看一下洗涤和浓缩的目的、原理
First, let's look at the purpose and principle of
并对这两个单元做个比较
washing and thickening and compare the two units
先说洗涤
First, in terms of washing
洗涤的目的是去除
the purpose of washing is to remove
溶解在浆料中的废液
waste water dissolved in the pulp
或去除分散在其中的细小杂质
or small impurities dispersed in the pulp
如蒸煮和漂白的废液
such as cooking and bleaching waste water
以及废纸浆中的灰分、油墨
as well as ash, ink and stickies particles, etc
胶黏物颗粒等
in the waste pulp
而洗涤的原理是
The principle of washing is to remove
去除浆料中水分的同时
the moisture in the pulp while removing the impurities
将溶解或者分散在其中的杂质除去
that are dissolved or dispersed in the pulp
从而将杂质与纸浆纤维分离
thus separating the impurities from the pulp fibers
由于浆料中的水分或废液
Since the moisture or waste water in the pulp exists
不但存在于纤维间、纤维细胞腔孔道里
not only in the inter fiber and pores of fibrocyte cavities
而且存在于纤维细胞壁里
but also in the cell wall of the fiber
因此洗涤其实是
the washing is actually a process of
稀释、扩散、混合和过滤的过程
dilution, diffusion, mixing and filtration
再来看浓缩
Let's have a look at the thickening then
浓缩的目的是去除浆料中的水分
The purpose of thickening is to remove moisture from the pulp
提高浆料的浓度
and increase its consistency
比如制浆过程中
For example, in the pulping process
热分散、漂白等
heat dispersion and bleaching, etc.
都需要在高浓条件下进行
need to be carried out under high consistency conditions
因此就需要浓缩这个单元
so it is necessary to use the thickening unit
把浆料的浆浓提上去
to raise the high consistency of pulp
浓缩的原理是利用过滤原理
The principle of thickening is to use the filtration principle
将浆料中的水分滤除
to filter out the moisture in the pulp
其他成分保留
but retain other ingredients
由此我们可以对比Therefore, we can compare the difference
洗涤和浓缩的区别between washing and thickening
可以看出，洗涤是以
It can be seen that the purpose of washing
去除杂质为目的的
is to remove impurities
而浓缩则是以
while the purpose of thickening
增加浆浓为目的的
is to increase the pulp consistency
此外，洗涤过程
in addition, the formation of pulp pad
要避免形成浆垫
shall be avoided in the washing process
但是浓缩过程刚好相反
however, the thickening process is just the opposite
要尽快形成浆垫
the formation of pulp pad shall be as soon as possible
再有洗涤因为去除了杂质
and then, as in the washing process, the contaminants are removed
所以得率会减少
so the yield will be reduced
而浓缩不以去除浆料组分为目的
while the purpose of thickening is not the removal of pulp components
所以处理后的良浆得率比洗涤要高
so the yield of accepted stock after processing is higher than washing
但是无论是洗涤还是浓缩
However, no matter it is washing or thickening
都有水分从浆中去除的过程
there is the process of removing moisture from the pulp
也因此，这两种处理方式的设备
Therefore, the equipment of these two
在形式上往往比较接近
treatment methods tends to be similar in form
这也是很多时候
which is also the reason why washing and thickening
将洗涤和浓缩放在一起介绍的原因
are introduced together in many cases
下面看一下
Let’s take a look at the classification
洗涤浓缩设备的分类
of washing and thickening equipment
由于相关的设备种类很多
Because there are many kinds of related equipment
分类方法也各不相同
and different classification methods
为了便于介绍和理解
in order to facilitate the introduction and understanding
我们按照设备的结构和工作原理进行分类
based on the structure and working principle of the equipment
共分为转鼓式、网式
we classify them into five categories
挤压式、置换洗涤式
including drum type, wire type, extrusion type
和废纸脱墨浆用洗涤浓缩设备
displacement washing type and
这五类
waste paper deinking washing and thickening equipment
另外，再介绍一下浆料的洗涤方式
Moreover, let me introduce the washing means of the pulp
洗涤方式分为单段
The washing means can be classified into single-stage
多段或者多段逆流
multi-stage or multi-stage countercurrent
无论什么洗涤设备
No matter what kind of washing equipment
单段洗涤和多段单向洗涤
single-stage washing and multi-stage one-way washing
都难以达到纸浆洁净度高
are difficult to meet the requirements of
稀释因子小的要求
high pulp cleanliness and small dilution factor
因此纸浆的洗涤多采用
Therefore, the pulp washing mostly adopts
多段逆流洗涤
multi-stage countercurrent washing
让我们来看一下什么是逆流洗涤
Let's have a look at what countercurrent washing is
从流程图中可以看出
It can be seen from the flowchart that
洗涤后水依次往回走
after washing, the water goes back in turn
与浆料的前进方向相反
which is opposite to the forward direction of the pulp
这就是逆流洗涤
that is, countercurrent washing
此外，我们再解释几个
In addition, I will explain
与洗涤相关的指标和术语
several washing-related indicators and terms
表征洗涤的常用指标有两个
There are two common terms to characterize the washing
一是洗净度
one is the washing cleanliness
也就是洗后纸浆的洗净程度
that is, the cleanliness of the pulp after washing
以洗后纸浆清液中
which is expressed by the content of
所含的残酸或者残碱量表示
residual acid or alkali in the pulp after washing
也可以用洗后纸浆的
also can be expressed by the content of
风干浆中的残碱量表示
residual alkali in the air-dried pulp after washing
另一个是提取率
and the other is the extraction rate
指的是洗出的固形物含量
which refers to the ratio of the content of the solid
与未洗前固形物含量的比值
after washing to the content of the solid before washing
另外，还有两个洗涤术语
Besides, there are two washing terms
一个是稀释因子
one is the dilution factor
指的是每吨风干浆
which refers to the difference between
洗涤用水量
the washing water usage per ton of air-dried pulp
与洗后纸浆含水量之差
and the water content of the washed pulp
另一个是置换比
and the other is the displacement ratio
指的是被洗涤的纸浆中
which refers to the percentage that the original waste liquid
原有的废液被洗涤置换的百分数
in the washed pulp is replaced by washing
再有，洗涤效果可以用
Furthermore, the washing effect can be characterized
洗涤效率η来表征
by the washing efficiency η
η指的是洗涤除去的固形物的百分比
which refers to the percentage of solids removed by washing
另外，相对浓度
in addition, the relative concentration
表示的是洗涤过程中
represents the change rate of the solid concentration
废液中固形物浓度的变化率
in the waste liquid during washing process
相对体积，则指的是
Relative volume refers to
洗涤过程中废液体积的变化率
the volume change rate of waste liquid in the washing process
以上这些都是研究洗涤问题时
These indicators and terms are often used
经常会用到的指标和术语
in the study of washing problems
这一节的内容我们就讲到这里
That’s all for today
同学们我们下节再见
Class, let's see you in next section
-1.1 备料概述
--1.1 备料概述
-1.2 木材备料机械与设备
-1.3 非木片筛及木材备料辅助设备
--讨论
-第一章测试 备料机械与设备
--第一章测试 备料机械与设备
-2.1 化学制浆概述
--讨论
-2.2 间接式蒸煮设备
-2.3 连续式蒸煮设备
-第二章测试 化学制浆机械与设备
--第二章测试 化学制浆机械与设备
-3.1 概述及磨石磨木机
-3.2 盘式磨浆机
--讨论
-3.3 搓丝机
--3.3 搓丝机
-3.4 高得率制浆的附属设备及发展
-第三章测试 高得率制浆机械与设备
--第三章测试 高得率制浆机械与设备
-4.1 概述
--4.1 概述
-4.2 洗涤与浓缩设备
-第四章测试 洗涤浓缩机械与设备
--第四章测试 洗涤浓缩机械与设备
-5.1 概述
--5.1 概述
-5.2 筛选设备
--5.2 筛选设备
-5.3 净化设备
--5.3 净化设备
-第五章测试 筛选净化机械与设备
--第五章测试 筛选净化机械与设备
-6.1 概述
--6.1 概述
-6.2 碎浆机
--6.2 碎浆机
-6.3 浮选槽
--6.3 浮选槽
--讨论
-6.4 热分散机
--6.4 热分散机
-6.5 废纸造纸废水处理设备
-6.6 废纸制浆流程设计及生产线
-第六章测试 废纸制浆及脱墨机械与设备
--第六章测试 废纸制浆及脱墨机械与设备
--讨论
-7.1 纸浆清洁漂白常用流程
-7.2 中浓浆泵、中浓混合器及高浓混合器
-7.3 中浓纸浆氧脱木素塔、二氧化氯漂白塔、过氧化氢漂白塔及碱处理塔
--7.3 中浓纸浆氧脱木素塔、二氧化氯漂白塔、过氧化氢漂白塔及碱处理塔
--讨论
-第七章测试 漂白机械与设备
--第七章测试 漂白机械与设备
-8.1 纸浆在输送管道中的压头损失及浆泵扬程
--讨论
-8.2 纸浆输送机械
--讨论
-8.3 纸浆贮存设备
-第八章测试 纸浆输送及贮存机械与设备
--第八章测试 纸浆输送及贮存机械与设备
-9.1 打浆设备概述
-9.2 打浆机和圆柱形磨浆机
-9.3 锥形磨浆机
-9.4 盘磨机
-9.5 中、高浓盘磨机及疏解设备
-第九章测试 打浆及疏解机械与设备
--第九章测试 打浆及疏解机械与设备
-10.1 造纸机的发展、组成与分类
--实验室小纸机展示
--大国工匠精神
-10.2 造纸机的规格及长网机的配置
-10.3 造纸机的专用名词术语
-第十章测试 造纸机概述
--第十章测试 造纸机概述
-11.1 纸浆流送系统
--讨论
-11.2 纸浆流送系统的相关操作单元及设备
-11.3 流浆箱的概述
-11.4 流浆箱的布浆器
-11.5 堰池、匀整装置和上浆装置
-11.6 稀释型水力式流浆箱
-第十一章测试 纸浆流送设备与流浆箱
--第十一章测试 纸浆流送设备与流浆箱
-12.1 概述
--12.1 概述
-12.2 长网成形装置
--讨论
-12.3 圆网成形装置
-12.4 夹网成形装置
-12.5 复合型成形器、叠网成形器及网部的辅助装置
-第十二章测试 造纸机成形装置
--第十二章测试 造纸机成形装置
-13.1 概述
--13.1 概述
-13.2 双辊压榨
-13.3 压榨部的引纸装置
-13.4 压榨配置方式及复式压榨
--讨论
-第十三章测试 造纸机压榨装置
--第十三章测试 造纸机压榨装置
-14.1 概述
--14.1 概述
-14.2 烘缸、烘毯缸和冷缸
--讨论
-14.3 供热系统
-14.4 强化装置及辅助设备
-第十四章测试 造纸机干燥装置
--第十四章测试 造纸机干燥装置
-15.1 压光机概述
-15.2 压光机的主要部件
-15.3 普通压光机、半干压光机及光泽压光机
-15.4 软辊压光机、超级压光机及卷纸机
-第十五章测试 压光机和卷纸机
--第十五章测试 压光机和卷纸机
-16.1 概述及涂料制备设备
-16.2 涂布器和干燥器
-第十六章测试 涂布机械与设备
--第十六章测试 涂布机械与设备
